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A demonstration of writing Inclined Capital letter U using proper stroke technique.

Inclined Capital Letter U

A demonstration of writing Inclined Capital letter U using proper stroke technique.

Proper technique in writing letter J using Inclined Capital.

Inclined Capital Letter J

Proper technique in writing letter J using Inclined Capital.

The diagram showing stroke directions for writing an Inclined Capital letter P.

Inclined Capital Letter P

The diagram showing stroke directions for writing an Inclined Capital letter P.

Proper stroke directions for writing letter R in Inclined Capital.

Inclined Capital Letter R

Proper stroke directions for writing letter R in Inclined Capital.

An illustration on writing an Inclined Capital letter B.

Inclined Capital Letter B

An illustration on writing an Inclined Capital letter B.

An illustration on writing an Inclined Capital letter S.

Inclined Capital Letter S

An illustration on writing an Inclined Capital letter S.

The proper direction of stroke in writing an Inclined Capital &, known as "and symbol".

Inclined Capital &

The proper direction of stroke in writing an Inclined Capital &, known as "and symbol".

The illustration shows proper stroke order for writing Inclined Capital Number 8.

Inclined Capital Number 8

The illustration shows proper stroke order for writing Inclined Capital Number 8.

A proper stroke order for writing number 3 using Inclined Capital.

Inclined Capital Number 3

A proper stroke order for writing number 3 using Inclined Capital.

The proper stroke directions in writing number 2 in Inclined Capital form.

Inclined Capital Number 2

The proper stroke directions in writing number 2 in Inclined Capital form.

Writing number 0 in Inclined Capital using proper stroke directions.

Inclined Capital Number 0

Writing number 0 in Inclined Capital using proper stroke directions.

An illustration writing number 7 in Inclined Capital form using proper stroke directions.

Inclined Capital Number 7

An illustration writing number 7 in Inclined Capital form using proper stroke directions.

A stroke direction on writing Inclined Capital Number 4.

Inclined Capital Number 4

A stroke direction on writing Inclined Capital Number 4.

By about 1910, the mechanical typewriter had reached a somewhat standardized design. There were minor variations from one manufacturer to another, but most type writers followed the concept that each key was attached to a type bar that had the corresponding letter molded, in reverse, into its striking head. To have letters typed in exact location, the type bar was guided all its way till the ribbon by segment. When a key was struck briskly and firmly, the type bar hit a ribbon stretched in front of a cylindrical platen that moved back and forth. The paper was rolled around by the type writers platen, which was then rotated by the carriage return lever into position for each new line of text.

Type Writing Machine

By about 1910, the mechanical typewriter had reached a somewhat standardized design. There were minor…

Any of various machines for writing characters similar to those made by printers’ types, especially a machine in which the characters are produced by steel types striking the paper through an inked ribbon with the types being actuated by corresponding keys on a keyboard and the paper being held by a platen that is automatically moved along with a carriage when a key is struck.

Early Design Typewriter

Any of various machines for writing characters similar to those made by printers’ types, especially…

A pocket protector is a sheath designed to hold writing instruments and other small implements, such as slide rules, while preventing them from damaging the wearer's shirt pocket. The pocket protector is designed to fit neatly inside the breast pocket of a man's shirt, and may accommodate pens, pencils, screwdrivers, small slide rules, and various other small items. A flap overlapping the pocket exterior helps to secure the pocket protector in place.

Pocket Protector

A pocket protector is a sheath designed to hold writing instruments and other small implements, such…

A desk is a furniture form and a class of table often used in a work or office setting for reading or writing on or using a computer. Desks often have one or more drawers to store office supplies and papers

Wooden Cabinet Desk

A desk is a furniture form and a class of table often used in a work or office setting for reading or…

This fountain pen is typically used in offices as office workers tend to do much writing, with a fountain pen the ink flow out is much better than felt tip.

Fountain Pen

This fountain pen is typically used in offices as office workers tend to do much writing, with a fountain…

This is a type writing table, originally designed to sit a typist at the right height for holding a perfect typing posture

Type Writer Table

This is a type writing table, originally designed to sit a typist at the right height for holding a…

A pen filled from an external source and containing an ink reservoir that automatically feeds the writing point.

Fountain Pen

A pen filled from an external source and containing an ink reservoir that automatically feeds the writing…

A piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments.

Multiple Purpose Desk

A piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments.

A writing implement with a point from which ink flows

Fountain Pen

A writing implement with a point from which ink flows

An illustration of a young girl wearing a bonnet and a dress writing the word "finish" on a black board.

Young Girl

An illustration of a young girl wearing a bonnet and a dress writing the word "finish" on a black board.

A pen that is supplied with ink from a reservoir in its barrel

Fountain Pen

A pen that is supplied with ink from a reservoir in its barrel

A set of writing tablets.

Writing Tablets

A set of writing tablets.

"Early Egyptian Pictures. Ploughing, breaking clods, and sowing."—Gordy, 1912

Early Egyptian Pictures

"Early Egyptian Pictures. Ploughing, breaking clods, and sowing."—Gordy, 1912

"Student life in the earlier university period, before the dormitory and college system was introduced, was unregulated and shamefully disorderly. The age was rough and lawless, and the student class were no better than their age; indeed, in some respects they seem to have been worse."—Myers, 1905

University Audience in the Fifteenth Century

"Student life in the earlier university period, before the dormitory and college system was introduced,…

"Picture writing of the Tahltan, a British Columbia tribe. The drawing was done in charcoal on the blazed trunk of a tree. The meaning is: 'Using a raft, I shot three geese.'"—Webster, 1913

Indian Picture Writing

"Picture writing of the Tahltan, a British Columbia tribe. The drawing was done in charcoal on the blazed…

"1, 'war' (Dakota Indian); 2, 'morning' (Ojibwa Indian); 3, 'nothing' (Ojibwa Indian); 4 and 5, 'to eat' (Indian, Mexican, Egyptian, etc)."—Webster, 1913

Examples of Picture Writing

"1, 'war' (Dakota Indian); 2, 'morning' (Ojibwa Indian); 3, 'nothing' (Ojibwa Indian); 4 and 5, 'to…

"A large tablet with linear script found in the palace at Gnossus, Crete. There are eight lines of writing with a total of about twenty words. Notice the upright lines which appear to mark the termination of each group of signs."—Webster, 1913

Cretan Writing

"A large tablet with linear script found in the palace at Gnossus, Crete. There are eight lines of writing…

"Below the pictured hieroglyphics in the first line is the same text in a simpler writing known as hieratic. The two systems, however, were not distinct; they were as identical as our own printed and written characters. The third line illustrates old Babylonian cuneiform, in which the characters, like the hieroglyphics, are rude and broken down pictures of objects. Derived from them is the later cuneiform shown in lines four and five."—Webster, 1913

Beginning of Written Language

"Below the pictured hieroglyphics in the first line is the same text in a simpler writing known as hieratic.…

"Found in 1868 at Dîbân, east of the Dead Sea. The monument records the victory of Mesha, king of Moab, over the united armies of Israel and Judah, about 850 B.C. The inscription, consisting of 34 lines, is one of the most ancient examples of Phoenician writing."—Webster, 1913

The Moabite Stone

"Found in 1868 at Dîbân, east of the Dead Sea. The monument records the victory of Mesha,…

A fragment of an Ancient Egyptian text, which provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphics.

The Rosetta Stone, Front View

A fragment of an Ancient Egyptian text, which provided the key to the modern understanding of Egyptian…

"A papyrus of the first century A.D., containing the Ten Commandments. It was discovered in Egypt."—Webster, 1913

Ancient Hebrew Manuscript

"A papyrus of the first century A.D., containing the Ten Commandments. It was discovered in Egypt."—Webster,…

"A tablet of dark brown clay, much injured, dating from the 8th or 7th century B.C. The two large concentric circles indicate the ocean, or, as it is called in the cuneiform writing between the circles, the 'Briny Flood.' Beyond the ocean are seven successive projections of land, represented by triangles. Perhaps they refer to the countries existing beyond the Black Sea and the Red Sea. The two parallel lines within the inner circle represent the Euphrates. The little rings stand for the Babylonian cities in this region."—Webster, 1913

A Babylonian Map of the World

"A tablet of dark brown clay, much injured, dating from the 8th or 7th century B.C. The two large concentric…

A statue of a man who recorded books and/or documents during the era of Ancient Egypt.

An Egyptian Scribe

A statue of a man who recorded books and/or documents during the era of Ancient Egypt.

"A decree of the Council and Assembly dating from about 450 B.C."—Webster, 1913

An Athenian Inscription

"A decree of the Council and Assembly dating from about 450 B.C."—Webster, 1913

Tablets used by children for writing exercises.

Writing Exercise Tablets

Tablets used by children for writing exercises.

"When several charges appear in one shield, the number in each row is generally indicated - as, 'three, two, and one,' and these must be given in writing, not in figures; but when the numbers exceed six, they produce the appearance of a pattern, and the field so covered is said to be seméee with the charge in question."—Aveling, 1891

Shield Semée

"When several charges appear in one shield, the number in each row is generally indicated - as, 'three,…

An ancient pen and ink holder.

Penner and Inkhorn

An ancient pen and ink holder.

A scroll used to present writing.

Scroll

A scroll used to present writing.

This is a pen rack intended to house pens, pencils, and other writing utensils.

Pen Rack

This is a pen rack intended to house pens, pencils, and other writing utensils.

Early office ink stand, the writer would have to ink the tip of his pen frequently for continuous writing.

Ink Stand

Early office ink stand, the writer would have to ink the tip of his pen frequently for continuous writing.

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

Ancient Scrolls

Grouping of ancient scrolls, writing pens, and inkstand.

Papyrus reed that grows along the shores of the Nile. The stalks are pliable and capable of being interwoven very closely. Boats of this material were very common in Egypt. The inner bark of this plant, platted and cemented together, furnished a writing material.

Papyrus

Papyrus reed that grows along the shores of the Nile. The stalks are pliable and capable of being interwoven…

A tutor is seated in a chair as he talks to his young female student. The tutor is wearing pince-nez style glasses and gesturing with his left hand to make a point. Perhaps he is admonishing the young girl because she has her head tilted down and looks sad. The girl holds a book, while other books are strewn on the floor.

Girl with Tutor

A tutor is seated in a chair as he talks to his young female student. The tutor is wearing pince-nez…

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a dove, hovers over his shoulder. Books and a human skull rest on the table. The skull, presumably, is a reference to man, the Evangelist's traditional symbol.

Saint Matthew Writing

Saint Matthew sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. The Holy Spirit, represented as a…

Saint Mark sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. Scrolls rest on the table. Beside him rests a lion, the Evangelist's traditional symbol.

Saint Mark Writing

Saint Mark sitting an a cloth-covered table writing the Gospel. Scrolls rest on the table. Beside him…

Saint Luke writing the gospel accompanied by an ox.

Saint Luke Writing

Saint Luke writing the gospel accompanied by an ox.

"And it came to pass, after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both hearing them, and asking them questions: and all that heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers." Luke 2:46-47 ASV <p>Illustration of a twelve-year-old Jesus sitting in the temple among priests and other learned men. Jesus sits on a raised platform, right arm raised, with six men surrounding him. One man to his left is writing on a scroll, while another in front of him writes on a tablet.

Jesus Teaching at the Temple at Twelve Years Old

"And it came to pass, after three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers,…

An illustration of a Pompeiian wall painting of school materials, including scrolls, books, writing utensils, coins, and purses. The illustration is divided into six sections.

Roman School Materials - Based on a Wall Painting from Pompeii

An illustration of a Pompeiian wall painting of school materials, including scrolls, books, writing…

Saint Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Africa, sits among various other clergy and teaches from his writings. He is dressed in a bishop's cassock. His head is surrounded by a halo. Some of the men surrounding him are holding books.

Saint Augustine of Hippo Teaches from His Writings

Saint Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Africa, sits among various other clergy and teaches from his writings.…

A piece of embroidery or needlework produced as a demonstration or test of skill. This sampler includes the alphabet, as well as the student's name and age. These pieces often include figures, motifs, and decorative borders.

American Sampler

A piece of embroidery or needlework produced as a demonstration or test of skill. This sampler includes…

"Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, who took their lamps, and went forth to meet the bridegroom. And five of them were foolish, and five were wise. For the foolish, when they took their lamps, took no oil with them: but the wise took oil in their vessels with their lamps." Matthew 25:1-4 ASV <p>Illustration of ten virgin brides going to meet the bridegroom. The five in front hold lighted lamps, while the five lagging behind have no light. The writing reads "Gif ven oss af eder olja, ty våra lampor slockna" at the top, and "de tio jungfrurna" at the bottom.

The Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins

"Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto ten virgins, who took their lamps, and went forth…

This divider features stars in a horizontal line across the front, as well as folded, fluttery corners that appear almost like seashells. The divider can also be used as a banner with writing in between the stars.

Divider with Star Pattern

This divider features stars in a horizontal line across the front, as well as folded, fluttery corners…

Illustration of Saint John the Evangelist sitting on a rock with a writing tablet in his lap. He is writing on the tablet. An eagle, often associated with John, is perched on the ground next to him. A tall staff with a cross at the top is leaning against a rock in the background.

Saint John the Evangelist Writing

Illustration of Saint John the Evangelist sitting on a rock with a writing tablet in his lap. He is…