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The cycle of the heart in its diastole (relaxation) state and its systole (contraction) state. The ventricles can be in a diastolic state, while the atria can be in a systolic state. An auricle is a small conical projection coming out of the atrium, but in some texts it represents the actual atrium. As the heart relaxes, blood enters from the other side and into the atria, then leaves and enters the ventricles. When the heart contracts, blood leaves the ventricles and goes back into the body.

Heart Cycle

The cycle of the heart in its diastole (relaxation) state and its systole (contraction) state. The ventricles…

A complex anatomical view of the heart. RA is the right atrium, or auricle, which receives the deoxygenated blood by way of two superior vena cava (SVC) and one inferior vena cava (IVC). The blood passes through the right ventricle (RV) and is pumped up to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries (PA). At the lungs, the blood is reoxygenated and returns via the pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium/auricle (LA). From there, the blood is passed to the left ventricle (LV) where the blood is pumped up through the systematic arch (SA) to the body. The systematic arch gives off a right innominate artery (INN), where the blood is then passed to the right and left carotid (C) and subclavian (SCL), where the blood goes to the head and arms respectively. It continues dorsally to the dorsal aorta (DA), which is the main artery that distributes blood to the whole body. TR is the windpipe, or trachea, BR is the bronchial tube that carries air to the lungs, and BV is a blood vessel on the wall of the heart.

Anatomy of Heart

A complex anatomical view of the heart. RA is the right atrium, or auricle, which receives the deoxygenated…

A skinned hedgehog. This image is supposed to show the muscles of the back which contract to make the animal into a "living ball". Notice how close its extremities are to its nose.

Skinned Hedgehog

A skinned hedgehog. This image is supposed to show the muscles of the back which contract to make the…

A Worm and sector steering device, cross-sectioned. It was developed by Panhard-Levassor. The spindle of the steering wheel carries a worm gear at the base of the head.

Steering Device

A Worm and sector steering device, cross-sectioned. It was developed by Panhard-Levassor. The spindle…

The Peteler locust crushing machine was a horse drawn device used to trap and kill locusts. Locusts were a serious hazard to agriculture in the 1800's; this device was one of many used in an attempt to cut back on overwhelming locust populations.

Peteler locust crushing machine

The Peteler locust crushing machine was a horse drawn device used to trap and kill locusts. Locusts…

The King Suction Machine was considered one of the most effective locust extermination machines of its time. It employed a revolving fan to vacuum locusts into a crushing chamber, then ejected their carcasses back down into the soil.

KIng Suction Machine

The King Suction Machine was considered one of the most effective locust extermination machines of its…

The Wilson-Rhode locust catcher was a horse-drawn device used to trap and kill locusts. Locusts were a serious hazard to agriculture in the 1800's; this device was one of many used in an attempt to cut back on overwhelming locust populations.

Wilson-Rhode Locust Catcher

The Wilson-Rhode locust catcher was a horse-drawn device used to trap and kill locusts. Locusts were…

Anointing with oil was a custom among the Hebrews and other oriental nations. <p>Behold, how good and how pleasant it is For brethren to dwell together in unity! It is like the precious oil upon the head, That ran down upon the beard, Even Aaron's beard; That came down upon the skirt of his garments. Psalm 133:1-2 ASV

Anointing

Anointing with oil was a custom among the Hebrews and other oriental nations. Behold, how good and how…

A head looking to the left.

Head

A head looking to the left.

A woman wearing a head wrap.

Head wrap

A woman wearing a head wrap.

The Fox-terrier is not an old breed, only dating back about a century; but the fox-terrier's cleverness, sharpness, sprightliness, impudence, and pluck endear him wherever he goes. Several special clubs devote their attention to the fostering of this breed in Great Britain and in the United States.

Smooth-coated Fox-terrier

The Fox-terrier is not an old breed, only dating back about a century; but the fox-terrier's cleverness,…

Nerve Ganglia, or Knots (sing. Ganglion; Knot) occur as collections of nerve cells on the course of a nerve, forming and obvious swelling. In surgery, it is the swelling caused by the collection of fluid in the fibrous sheath which surrounds a tendon. It arises from inflammation of the tendon-sheath, and occurs most often at the back of the wrist. Sometimes the cyst may be broken by firm pressure or by a smart blow, and the fluid be thus dispersed; or a puncture may be made, with proper antiseptic precautions, and the fluid be pressed out. Sometimes counter-irritation with iodine causes absorption. In any case, firm pressure with pad and bandage must be used afterwards, to prevent refilling until the cyst walls have united. This illustration shows a cross-section of a spinal cord and spinal nerve cells (g being ganglia).

Nerve Ganglia (Spinal)

Nerve Ganglia, or Knots (sing. Ganglion; Knot) occur as collections of nerve cells on the course of…

Also known as a Solan Goose (Sula bassana), the Gannet is a large marine bird which nests in scattered localities in most parts of the world. Its specific name refers to the fact that it has long been a denizen of Bass Rock -- a famous craggy islet on the coast of England. This bird also nests on Bird Rock in the gulf of St. Lawrence, and other species exist in the tropics. It belongs to the same sub-order as the cormorant, and may be recognized by the fact that, as in the latter, all four toes are united by a web. Its bill is long, strong, and compressed to a point. In adult life, the plumage is white, save for the black primaries and a buff patch on the head or neck; the young are dusky, and do not acquire the white plumage until their sixth year. Their nests contain only one egg.

Gannet

Also known as a Solan Goose (Sula bassana), the Gannet is a large marine bird which nests in scattered…

A frontlet that is tied to the head during weekday morning prayers. <p>"That thou mightest fear The Lord thy God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments, which I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son's son, all the days of thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged ... And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes." Deuteronomy 6:1-8 KJV

Frontlet

A frontlet that is tied to the head during weekday morning prayers. "That thou mightest fear The Lord…

The Gauntlet is a piece of protective armor for the hand, dating back to the 12th century. The first gauntlets were leather covered gloves with an unarticulated metal back. They evolved from the chain mail bag, which , in the 12th century, terminated at the sleeves of the hauberk. The gauntlet of the 14th century had separate, but unjointed fingers. This gauntlet was superseded by the 'mitten'.

Gauntlet

The Gauntlet is a piece of protective armor for the hand, dating back to the 12th century. The first…

A gecko is a small, four-footed member of the lizard family Geckonidae. Geckos are widely distributed throughout the world, inhabiting primarily warm countries. They are usually dull in color; the eyes are without movable lids; the tail is brittle; while the feet of most species are remarkable for their adhesive digits, which enable the animal to not only climb on smooth surfaces, but even to run along ceilings and back downward. The geckos are insect-eaters and are harmless to man.

Gecko

A gecko is a small, four-footed member of the lizard family Geckonidae. Geckos are widely distributed…

This illustration shows a head of a Gems'bok. A Gems'bok (Oryx Gazella) is a species of South African antelope. It is a heavy, stout animal, about the size of a stag, with rough, reversed hair on the neck and along the ridge of the back; large pointed ears; and almost perfectly straight horns in the plane of the forehead, little diverging, and ringed for about half their length. These horns have been known to reach a length of 47 1/2 inches. The gems'bok was, at one point, close to extinction.

Head of Gems'bok

This illustration shows a head of a Gems'bok. A Gems'bok (Oryx Gazella) is a species of South African…

A Hog's Back is a ridge where the crest is very rounded.

Hog's Back

A Hog's Back is a ridge where the crest is very rounded.

Also known as the Kinglet, the Golden-Crested Wren (Regulus cristatus) is the smallest of European birds. In America, only the hummingbird is less in size. It is one of the warblers (Sylviidæ). The length of the body is from three to six inches, there is a bright yellow crest, the back is yellowish olive green, the wings and tail ash brown with black and white markings. The Golden-Crested Wren is generally distributed over Europe. In spring it utters a sweet and surprisingly loud song.

Golden-Crested Wren

Also known as the Kinglet, the Golden-Crested Wren (Regulus cristatus) is the smallest of European birds.…

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American. The golden-rods are erect plants, little branched, and often somewhat woody at the base. The foliage is various, usually somewhat lanceolate in shape, and sometimes conspicuously veined. The tiny heads have one series of white or yellow ray-flowers, and are gathered into various forms of inflorescence, often of a massive character; they appear in late summer and early autumn. Although of no commercial value (except as forage for sheep) the golden-rods are conspicuous for their bright color, especially as they are apt to grow in huge colonies in fields and along roadsides.

British Golden-rod

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American.…

Gooseberry Caterpillar is the name applied to the larvæ of two different insects, both injurious to gooseberry and currant bushes. (1) the Magpie Moth (Abraxas grossulariata), appearing about midsummer, has usually a black head, yellow body, and white wings spotted with black. (2) More destructive than the above is the larva of the Gooseberry Sawfly (Nematus ribesii), which plays havoc with the leaves of bushes. The larva is bluish green, with lack head, feet, tail, and spots, with twenty feet, and a length of about 3/4 of an inch when full grown.

Gooseberry Caterpillar (Nematus ribesii) and Sawfly

Gooseberry Caterpillar is the name applied to the larvæ of two different insects, both injurious to…

The Greyhound as a show dog is judged as follows: height and weight, ranging from 23 to 27 in. and from 40 to 70 lbs.; skull rather wide between the ears and flat on the top, with powerful, though not clumsy, jaws, and very strong teeth; eyes dark in color, and full of fire; ears rather small, and fine in texture; neck long and powerful (to enable it to reach the hare) yet graceful looking; chest of fair width, and very deep; body rather long, extremely powerful, especially at the loins, and slightly arched -- the back ribs being short, make the body appear tucked up; shoulders sloping; fore legs set in well under the dog, straight and powerful, with round, compact feet, the knuckles of the toes being well developed; hind quarters very powerful, with muscular thighs and well-bent stifles; tail long, and carried low; colors black, red, fawn, brindled, blue, white, either whole-colored or marked.

Greyhound

The Greyhound as a show dog is judged as follows: height and weight, ranging from 23 to 27 in. and from…

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body, hind legs, and tail of a lion. The head is represented with pricked ears, symbolical of its vigilance. In mythology, the griffin was a creature similar in form to the griffin of heraldry, which was supposed to find its especial function in watching over hidden treasure, especially in Scythia. It was dedicated to the sun-god Apollo, whose chariot appears in early art as drawn by griffins. It was a favorite ornamental 'theme' in ancient Babylonian and Persian art, and is also found in a similar way on art objects of the Phoenicians, the Mycenæan civilization, and the ancient Greeks. The Romans and art-workers of the renaissance used it as a purely decorative device.

Griffin

In heraldry, the griffin is a fabulous animal, with the head and forefeet of an eagle, and the body,…

Guinea Fowl are the African representatives of the pheasants, from which they differ in that the plumage of both sexes is alike. The origin of the domesticated stock is <i>Numida meleagris</i>, from W. Africa. A number of other species occur in other parts of Africa. In the black guinea fowl (<i>Phasidus niger</i>), which ranges from Cape Lopez to Loango, spurs are present in the male as in pheasants. Guinea fowl are nearly all gregarious, are ground feeders, and roost in trees. Most species seek to escape danger by running rather than by flying. As in the turkeys, parts of the head and neck are without feathers, and these bare patches are often highly colored.

Guinea Fowl

Guinea Fowl are the African representatives of the pheasants, from which they differ in that the plumage…

The Jumping Hare, also known as the Springhaas, is a large African jerboa (Pedetes caffer). In size, color, and the shape of the head and ears, the animal resembles a hare; but the tail is long and thickly haired throughout. There are five toes on the forefoot, and four toes on the hind. The animal inhabits both the plains and the mountains of S. Africa, and is especially common in Cape Colony. When feeding, it goes on all fours, but if alarmed, attempts to escape by the leaping movements characteristic of the family (Dipodidæ).

Jumping Hare

The Jumping Hare, also known as the Springhaas, is a large African jerboa (Pedetes caffer). In size,…

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet when standing upright. The fore limbs are very short, the hind long, with powerful, elongated feet. The fore limbs bear five digits armed with strong claws; the hind have only four. The head is small, with pointed muzzle and large ears. In accordance with its purely vegetarian habits, canine teeth are absent in the adult. The incisors are powerful, with a cutting edge. The fur is soft and woolly, and lighter in tint below than above. In the female there is a large pouch, in which the young are placed at birth, and become attached by their immature months to the nipples. At this time they are minute -- not more than an inch in length -- and, being to immature to suck, have milk pumped into them by their mother. They remain withing the pouch until able to run by the side of the parent. Not until some eight or nine months after birth are they left to shift entirely for themselves. Only one young one is produced at a birth. As regards internal organs, the stomach is large and complex, and the characteristic marsupial or epipubic bones are present.

Great Kangaroo

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet…

To tie a blackwall hitch, form a bight at the end of a rope, and put the hook of a tackle through the bight, so that the end of the rope may be jammed between the standing part and the back of the hook.

Blackwall Hitch

To tie a blackwall hitch, form a bight at the end of a rope, and put the hook of a tackle through the…

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland, but differing in that the horns are absent in the female, while those of the male are curved in a spiral. The tail is short, the neck is maned, and the body is marked by narrow, vertical white stripes. The common kudu (Strepsiceros kudu) occurs in wooded regions from the Cape to the highlands of Abyssinia. The lesser kudu (S. imberbis) is confined to Somaliland and its vicinity. Both are favorites with sportsmen.

Head of Kudu

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland,…

The Settler's Clock <i>('Dacelo gigs')</i>, is a very large kingfisher found in Australia, where it receives its popular name from the peculiar gurgling cry uttered with great regularity at dawn and dusk. It is one of the wood kingfishers, the food consisting of of reptiles, birds, insects, and even small mammals. The name is also applied to other species of the same genus found in Australia and New Guinea, and possessing similar habits. The coloring is not brilliant, consisting of a mixture of brown, black, and white, but the male has the lower part of the back of a greenish-blue color.

Kingfisher, Dacelo gigas

The Settler's Clock ('Dacelo gigs'), is a very large kingfisher found in Australia, where it receives…

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering the flower head conspicuous.

Colored Leaves of 'Cornus florida'

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering…

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath of oak and laurel. On the obverse appears the female head personifying France, and the words, 'République Française'; on the reverse, two tricolors, and the motto, 'Honneur et Patrie'. The Legion of Honor is a French order of merit, created in 1802 by Napoleon, when first consul, with the view of specially marking exploits and services in the military and civil departments. Napoleon himself was first grandmaster.

Cross of the Legion of Honor

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath…

This illustration shows a Surveyor's, or Y-level. In use, the telescope is set perfectly horizontal and pointed back at a rod placed vertically at the starting point. The rod is graduated and after a reading has been taken of the height above the ground cut by the cross wires of the telescope, it is moved to a point forward of the instrument, which is then revolved in a horizontal plane and a reading taken of the rod in its new position. The difference in level is obtained from the difference in readings of the two points, and subsequent readings are taken by removing the level, sighting on the rod in its second position, and then repeating the operation, the readings in this case being recorded.

Surveyor's Level

This illustration shows a Surveyor's, or Y-level. In use, the telescope is set perfectly horizontal…

A medal of Abila, representing the head of Faustina, wife of emperor Marcus Aurelius on one side. The other side depicts a bunch of grapes with the inscription LEUK ABILA and the date 236.

Medal of Abila

A medal of Abila, representing the head of Faustina, wife of emperor Marcus Aurelius on one side. The…

A female depiction of Fortune with many iconic symbols, such as the rudder, the cornucopia, and ears of corn. The quiver she holds allies her to Diana, while the ornaments on her head suggest a relationship with Isis.

Fortune

A female depiction of Fortune with many iconic symbols, such as the rudder, the cornucopia, and ears…

A medal of Bostra, with the head of Trajanus Decius on one side and a female figure with her head wrapped in turrets on the other.

Medal of Bostra

A medal of Bostra, with the head of Trajanus Decius on one side and a female figure with her head wrapped…

A Medal of Caesarea Libanus. On one side the head of Alexander Severus is engraved. Depicted on the other is the tall figure of the goddess Astarte, the emperor placing a crown on her head.

Medal of Caesarea Libanus

A Medal of Caesarea Libanus. On one side the head of Alexander Severus is engraved. Depicted on the…

A medal showing Astarte on one side, who was worshiped in Dor as the principle of fertility. The other side depicts the head of Nero.

Medal of Dor

A medal showing Astarte on one side, who was worshiped in Dor as the principle of fertility. The other…

A medal engraved with the image of Zeus, or Jupiter, next to a sphinx; the other side of the coin depicts the head of Serapis.

Jupiter

A medal engraved with the image of Zeus, or Jupiter, next to a sphinx; the other side of the coin depicts…

A medal engraved with the head of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, with his name in the inscription. On the other side is the image of a galley with many oars. The prow has a standard with flags flying and a captain standing at the helm, directing the vessel.

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

A medal engraved with the head of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, with his name in the inscription. On the…

A medal of Gaza, representing the turreted head of a goddess, Astarte; on the other side of the medal a peculiar symbol of the city is engraved.

Medal of Gaza

A medal of Gaza, representing the turreted head of a goddess, Astarte; on the other side of the medal…

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The other side exhibits a figure under Jupiter, holding thunder in one hand and a globe in the other. Opposite him is a heroic figure. In between them is the symbol of Gaza.

Medal of Gaza

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The…

A medal of Jerusalem, depicting how the city was rebuilt by Hadrian after being destroyed by the Romans. On one side of the coin is the head of Hadrian; the other, a colonist driving oxen with a military insignia.

Medal of Jerusalem

A medal of Jerusalem, depicting how the city was rebuilt by Hadrian after being destroyed by the Romans.…

Ashtaroth, or Astarte, was among the idols of Syria; this medal shows she was worshiped in Jerusalem. In her left hand she holds a staff, her right a human head and walks on a prostrate figure.

Astarte

Ashtaroth, or Astarte, was among the idols of Syria; this medal shows she was worshiped in Jerusalem.…

A coin of Hostilianus, with a figure standing with a blunt spear in his right hand and a human head in his left. The caduceus behind him, as well as his character, denotes him as Mercury.

Coin of Hostilianus

A coin of Hostilianus, with a figure standing with a blunt spear in his right hand and a human head…

A medal with the portrait of Vespasian engraved on one side; the other side shows a figure representing peace holding an olive branch and burning implements of war before an altar.

Vespasian

A medal with the portrait of Vespasian engraved on one side; the other side shows a figure representing…

The head engraved on one side of the coin is thought to be the portraits of the king of Parthia. In the globe worn atop his head is a figure meant to represent a departed spirit raised to divine honors.

Parthia

The head engraved on one side of the coin is thought to be the portraits of the king of Parthia. In…

A medal containing two circles of heads, each having seven, male and female alike. The heads of the inner circle are divided by spokes. The upper head has on either side of it a Victory offering a crown and palm branch.

Medal with Heads

A medal containing two circles of heads, each having seven, male and female alike. The heads of the…

Apollo, the god of day, his head surrounded by rays. His chariot bears similarities to a rainbow. It is drawn by three lions, under each of their exteriors, a head of a bull. These are all evidence of idolatry from the east.

Apollo

Apollo, the god of day, his head surrounded by rays. His chariot bears similarities to a rainbow. It…

A medal of Tyre, depicting the Tyrians presenting a plan of their city to Dido, the Queen of Carthage. It is, however, unlikely that Dido would wear the sacred measure on her head, as it was restricted by divinity. It is probable that the figure is Astarte, to whom the Tyrians were devoted to.

Medal of Tyre

A medal of Tyre, depicting the Tyrians presenting a plan of their city to Dido, the Queen of Carthage.…

A graphic definition of the term "head".

Head

A graphic definition of the term "head".

Low-head, vertical water wheel generator station.

Generator

Low-head, vertical water wheel generator station.

A low-head, horizontal-turbo-generator-unit installation.

Generator Installation

A low-head, horizontal-turbo-generator-unit installation.

General arrangement of machinery. A, upcast shaft; b, winding gear; c, downcast shaft; d, porch; e, cage; f, wire rope; g, head-gear pulley; h, winding engine; k, "tipplers"; l, screens.

Machinery

General arrangement of machinery. A, upcast shaft; b, winding gear; c, downcast shaft; d, porch; e,…

Cotton manufacturing. Fig. 4D, Dobby motion: The knife beam (A), rises and falls with the motion of the loom, and the hooks in the upright position (B) rise and fall with (A); a revolving drum (D), fitted with pegs (E), forces back the springs (F), and y the rods (H) with hooks (G) are thrown back, and the healds attached to these do not rise with (A).

Dobby Motion

Cotton manufacturing. Fig. 4D, Dobby motion: The knife beam (A), rises and falls with the motion of…

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril; 8, point of nose; 9, lips; 10, nether jaw; 11, cheek; 12, poll; 13, mane; 14, withers; 15, parotid glands; 16, throat; 17, neck; 18, jugular vein; 19, shoulder; 20, breast; 21, ribs; 22, back; 23, loins; 24, hip; 25, flank; 26, belly; 27, haunch; 28, thigh; 29, buttock; 30, stifle; 31, leg; 32, tail; 33, hock or hough; 34, cannon or shank bone; 35, arms; 36, knees; 37, passage for girth; 38, elbow; 39, shank; 40, bullet; 41, pasterns; 42, coronet; 43, foot; 44, hoof; 45, fetlock.

Horse

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril;…

A genus of plant bugs, having the beak extending to the middle of the abdomen and the sides of the head angular.

Phytocoris

A genus of plant bugs, having the beak extending to the middle of the abdomen and the sides of the head…

The Battle of Fort Steadman was one of the Confederacy's last attempts to besiege Petersburg, Virginia. Although the Confederates were successful in capturing the fort, they were later driven back by Union troops. This battle was in the last days of the Civil War.

Fort Steadman

The Battle of Fort Steadman was one of the Confederacy's last attempts to besiege Petersburg, Virginia.…

Women and children with oxen, probably leaving the town in the background. Several figures look back at town. Others are crying. Small boy is carrying a stick with a bag over his shoulder. The wagon is loaded with household possessions including a spinning wheel, and chair

People with Oxen

Women and children with oxen, probably leaving the town in the background. Several figures look back…

A boar's head is carried into a banquet hall accompanied by musicians. The boar's head festival we know today originated at Queen's College, Oxford, England. Legend has it that a scholar was studying a book of Aristotle while walking through the forest on his way to Midnight Mass. Suddenly, he was confronted by an angry wild boar. Having no other weapon, the resourceful Oxonian rammed his metal-bound philosophy book down the throat of the charging animal, whereupon the brute choked to death. That night the boar's head, finely dressed and garnished, was borne in procession to the dining room, accompanied by carolers singing "in honor of the King of bliss."

Boar's Head Festival Procession

A boar's head is carried into a banquet hall accompanied by musicians. The boar's head festival we know…

A profile view of a man's head.

Side Portrait

A profile view of a man's head.