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"Shore Lark or Horned Lark. Upper parts in general pinkish-brown, this pinkish or vinaceous or liliaceous tint brightest on the nape, lesser wing-coverts, and tail-coverts, the rest of the upper parts being duller and more grayish-brown, boldly variegated with dark brown streaks; middle pair of tail-feathers and several of the inner secondaries rufous-brown, with darker centres. Under parts, from the breast backward, white; the sides strongly washed with the color of the upper parts, and mottling of same across the lower part of the breast. A large, distinct, shield-shaped black area of the breast. Tail-feathers, except the middle pair, black, the outermost edged with whitish. Wings quills, except the innermost, plain fuscous, the outer web of the 1st primary whitish. Lesser wing-coverts usually tipped with grayish-white. Top of head like nape; bar across front of vertex, thence extended along sides of crown, and produced into a tuft, or "horn" black; front and line over eye, also somewhat produced to form part of the tuft, white or yellowish; a broad bar from nostrils along the lores, thence curving below the eye and widening as it descends in front of the auriculars, black; rest of the sides of the head and whole throat white or sulphury-yellow. Bill plumbeous-blackish, bluish-plumbeous at base below (sometimes there yellowish); feet and claws black; iris brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

Shore Lark

"Shore Lark or Horned Lark. Upper parts in general pinkish-brown, this pinkish or vinaceous or liliaceous…

"Shore Lark or Horned Lark. Upper parts in general pinkish-brown, this pinkish or vinaceous or liliaceous tint brightest on the nape, lesser wing-coverts, and tail-coverts, the rest of the upper parts being duller and more grayish-brown, boldly variegated with dark brown streaks; middle pair of tail-feathers and several of the inner secondaries rufous-brown, with darker centres. Under parts, from the breast backward, white; the sides strongly washed with the color of the upper parts, and mottling of same across the lower part of the breast. A large, distinct, shield-shaped black area of the breast. Tail-feathers, except the middle pair, black, the outermost edged with whitish. Wings quills, except the innermost, plain fuscous, the outer web of the 1st primary whitish. Lesser wing-coverts usually tipped with grayish-white. Top of head like nape; bar across front of vertex, thence extended along sides of crown, and produced into a tuft, or "horn" black; front and line over eye, also somewhat produced to form part of the tuft, white or yellowish; a broad bar from nostrils along the lores, thence curving below the eye and widening as it descends in front of the auriculars, black; rest of the sides of the head and whole throat white or sulphury-yellow. Bill plumbeous-blackish, bluish-plumbeous at base below (sometimes there yellowish); feet and claws black; iris brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

Shore Lark

"Shore Lark or Horned Lark. Upper parts in general pinkish-brown, this pinkish or vinaceous or liliaceous…

"Cross-section of Goodyear welt shoe, showing the different parts and their relation to each other." -Hill, 1921

Parts of a Welt Shoe

"Cross-section of Goodyear welt shoe, showing the different parts and their relation to each other."…

"Longitudinal section of hopper dredger, employed on the River Clyde. The vessel steams to place of working and is moored by the Steam Winches A A at bow and stern to buoys, the Bucket Ladder B is then lowered by steam power, and thereafter Buckets set in motion by gearing C C. The depth of water at which the Bucket Ladder dredges is regulated by the Hoisting Shears and Chain Barrel D D, driven by shafting E E from the Engines. The Buckets discharge the material by the shoot F into the Hopper G. The dredged material is discharged by the doors of the Hopper being opened by the Lifting Chains H H. These doors are hinged on to the side of Vessel, and suspended at centre by the Lifting Chains, which are connected to geared Crab Winches I I." -Hill, 1921

Hopper Dredger

"Longitudinal section of hopper dredger, employed on the River Clyde. The vessel steams to place of…

"Sectional view of diving bell and barge, employed on the River Clyde. All the appliances are worked by steam, rendering manual labour unnecessary. A is the Bell, which is raised and lowered by means of the Chain and Steam Winch B. c c are Seats within the Bell; d d, Footboards. E, Air-pipe entering the Bell at f, the air being supplied by Air-pump G driven by the Engine H. J is a Steam Crane for raising or lowering material. K K, Steam Winches for working moorings and shifting position of the barge." -Hill, 1921

Barge with Diving Bell

"Sectional view of diving bell and barge, employed on the River Clyde. All the appliances are worked…

The diamond is cut to show the stone's brilliance, creating different parts to the cut: table, crown, girdle, pavilion, culet.

Diamond Cut

The diamond is cut to show the stone's brilliance, creating different parts to the cut: table, crown,…

"Life-history of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha): 1 and 2, developing thallus; 2 shows the cup with gemmae; 3, section across thallus, showing chimney-shaped stoma and green cells under, and mucilage cell on left; 4, male hats; 5, development of antheridia; 6, antheridium nearly ripe; 7, antherozoid; 8, female hat; 9, 10, archegonia before fertilization; 11, 12, 13, fertilized egg dividing; 14, immature sporogonium, containing spores and elaters." -Hazeltine, 1894

Liverwort Life Cycle

"Life-history of Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha): 1 and 2, developing thallus; 2 shows the cup with…

"Crankcase showing bearings. The heart of the automobile is the engine. It is built around the crankcase, which is its foundation or base." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 01: Crankcase

"Crankcase showing bearings. The heart of the automobile is the engine. It is built around the crankcase,…

"Crankcase with crank-shaft and fly-wheel added. The crankshaft serves the same purpose in an automobile as the pedals do on a bicycle. The fly-wheel on the end helps it to keep turning at an even speed." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 02: Crank-Shaft and Fly-Wheel

"Crankcase with crank-shaft and fly-wheel added. The crankshaft serves the same purpose in an automobile…

"Cylinders showing piston in place and connected to crankshaft. Gasoline vapor is exploded in the cylinders. This pushes the piston down, and as the piston is connected to the crankshaft it starts the crankshaft turning. The piston and the rod that connect it to the crankshaft are just like the feet and limbs of any one riding a bicycle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 03: Cylinders Showing Piston and Crankshaft

"Cylinders showing piston in place and connected to crankshaft. Gasoline vapor is exploded in the cylinders.…

"The gears or 'cogwheels' are for running the fan, the pump and other parts." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 04: Cogwheels

"The gears or 'cogwheels' are for running the fan, the pump and other parts." -Bodmer, 1917

"Cylinder added to crankcase. The cylinders are next bolted down to the crankcase, the pistons and crankshaft having been connected. A cover is placed over the gears to keep them clean." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 05: Cylinder Added to Crankcase

"Cylinder added to crankcase. The cylinders are next bolted down to the crankcase, the pistons and crankshaft…

"An oil pan or reservoir is attached to the bottom of the crankcase to hold oil for the engine." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 06: Reservoir Added

"An oil pan or reservoir is attached to the bottom of the crankcase to hold oil for the engine." -Bodmer,…

"The carburetor furnishes the gasoline vapor for the cylinders. It is connected to the engine by a crooked pipe called the intake manifold. After the gasoline has been exploded a valve opens and allows the burned gases to escape through another pipe, called the exhaust manifold." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 07: Carburetor

"The carburetor furnishes the gasoline vapor for the cylinders. It is connected to the engine by a crooked…

"Oil pump and filler added to motor. Oil is poured in the spout which is at the left of the carburetor. It runs down into the reservoir and is pumped up through the engine a little at a time." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 08: Oil Pump and Filler

"Oil pump and filler added to motor. Oil is poured in the spout which is at the left of the carburetor.…

"The electric generator makes electricity to be used for starting the engine and lighting the car." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 09: Electric Generator

"The electric generator makes electricity to be used for starting the engine and lighting the car."…

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps water flowing around the cylinders to prevent them from getting too hot. This water comes back to the pump through the radiator at the front of the car. Wind blows through the radiator and cools off the water. The tire pump on up-to-date cars is run by the engine. It does not pump except when the gears, which are shown in the picture, are pulled together." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 10: Magneto

"The magneto gives an electric spark, which explodes the gasoline in the cylinders. The water pump keeps…

"An electric motor starts the engine by turning the fly-wheel. This makes it unnecessary to get out and crank the car by hand." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 11: Motor

"An electric motor starts the engine by turning the fly-wheel. This makes it unnecessary to get out…

"The transmission is added. The transmission makes it possible to reverse the car. It also enables the driver to go into high-speed gear when on level roads and low-speed gear for starting and for pulling hills." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 12: Transmission

"The transmission is added. The transmission makes it possible to reverse the car. It also enables the…

"Double-drop pressed steel frame. The frame on which the car is built." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 13: Frame

"Double-drop pressed steel frame. The frame on which the car is built." -Bodmer, 1917

"Addition of semi-elliptic and three-fourths-elliptic springs to frame. Large springs are placed at the front and rear of the frame. The make the car ride smoothly." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 14: Elliptic Springs

"Addition of semi-elliptic and three-fourths-elliptic springs to frame. Large springs are placed at…

"Adding the front axle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 15: Front Axle

"Adding the front axle." -Bodmer, 1917

"Showing addition of full-floating rear axle." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 16: Rear Axle

"Showing addition of full-floating rear axle." -Bodmer, 1917

"Completed engine and transmission is next fastened to the frame and connected to the rear axle by the drive shaft." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 17: Engine and Transmission Attached to the Frame

"Completed engine and transmission is next fastened to the frame and connected to the rear axle by the…

"Showing addition of gasoline tank and gas lead to carburetor." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 18: Gasoline Tank

"Showing addition of gasoline tank and gas lead to carburetor." -Bodmer, 1917

"Showing how steering gear is connected." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 19: Steering Gear

"Showing how steering gear is connected." -Bodmer, 1917

"Wheels are next added to chassis." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 20: Wheels

"Wheels are next added to chassis." -Bodmer, 1917

"Completed chassis with radiator added. The water which keeps the engine from getting too hot is pumped around the cylinders and then through the radiator. The wind blows through the little openings in the radiator, and cools off the water. Then the water is pumped around the cylinders again." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 21: Radiator

"Completed chassis with radiator added. The water which keeps the engine from getting too hot is pumped…

"The steps and fenders are next attached." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 22: Fenders

"The steps and fenders are next attached." -Bodmer, 1917

"The finished car." -Bodmer, 1917

Building an Automobile, Step 23: Finished Car

"The finished car." -Bodmer, 1917

"General arrangement of roping for gearless traction elevator installation." -Bodmer, 1917

Gearless Traction Elevator

"General arrangement of roping for gearless traction elevator installation." -Bodmer, 1917

"Backgammon, a game played by two persons upon a table or board made for the purpose, with pieces or men, dice-boxes, and dice. The table is in two parts, on which are twenty-four black and white spaces called points. Each player has fifteen men of different colors for the purpose of distinction. The movements of the men are made in accordance with the numbers turned up by the dice. It is said to have been invented in the tenth century." -Vaughan, 1906

Backgammon Board

"Backgammon, a game played by two persons upon a table or board made for the purpose, with pieces or…

"Bamboo. a.- upper portion of the stem with foliage. b.- root stem. c.- section of stem. Bamboo, the common name of the arborescent grasses belonging to the genus Bambusa." -Vaughan, 1906

Bamboo

"Bamboo. a.- upper portion of the stem with foliage. b.- root stem. c.- section of stem. Bamboo, the…

"Roller Bandage. Bandage, a surgical wrapper of some kind applied to a limb or other portion of the body to keep parts in position, exert a pressure, or for other purpose." -Vaughan, 1906

Roller Bandage

"Roller Bandage. Bandage, a surgical wrapper of some kind applied to a limb or other portion of the…

"Barley, the name of several cereal plants of the genus Hordeum, order Gramineae (grasses), yielding a grain used as food and also for making malt, from which are prepared beer, porter, and whisky." -Vaughan, 1906

Barley

"Barley, the name of several cereal plants of the genus Hordeum, order Gramineae (grasses), yielding…

An illustration of a fairy and a young girl sitting in a tree and is uprooted and flying in the air.

Fairy & Child in Flying Tree

An illustration of a fairy and a young girl sitting in a tree and is uprooted and flying in the air.

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with male flowers. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Male Flowers of the Osage-Orange

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with male flowers. Osage-orange, Horse-apple…

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with female inflorescence. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Inflorescence of the Osage-Orange

An illustration of a branch from an osage-orange plant with female inflorescence. Osage-orange, Horse-apple…

An illustration of a male flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Male Flower of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a male flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc…

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Flower of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc…

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant laid open. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Female Flower of Osage-Orange Laid Open

An illustration of a female flower of the osage-orange plant laid open. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or…

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Leaf of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or…

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the pistil; c, two different fruits." -Century, 1889 bia_

Rubia Flowers & Branches

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the…

Magnolia is a large genus of about 210 flowering plant species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family Magnoliaceae.

Magnolia Flower

Magnolia is a large genus of about 210 flowering plant species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the…

An illustration of the magnolia flower's cone of ripe fruits.

Magnolia Cone of Ripe Fruits

An illustration of the magnolia flower's cone of ripe fruits.

An illustration of flowering plant of the Canadian mayflower, flower (a), and fruit (b). Maianthemum canadense (Canadian May-lily, Canada Mayflower, False Lily-of-the-valley, Canadian Lily-of-the-valley, Twoleaved Solomonseal) is a dominant understory perennial flowering plant in the family Ruscaceae, native to the sub-boreal conifer forests in Canada and the northern United States, from Yukon and British Columbia east to Newfoundland and south to Nebraska and Pennsylvania, and also in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia. It can be found growing under both evergreen and deciduous trees.

Canada Mayflower

An illustration of flowering plant of the Canadian mayflower, flower (a), and fruit (b). Maianthemum…

The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks, is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and sub-tropical areas of North America, Europe, Asia, New Zealand (where it is currently the most common duck species), and Australia. It is strongly migratory in the northern parts of its breeding range, and winters farther south. For example, in North America it winters south to Mexico, but also regularly strays into Central America and the Caribbean between September and May

Mallard Duck

The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks, is a dabbling…

An illustration of a mallow branch with flower (a), fruit (b), and one of the carpels (C). Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species.

Mallow Branch

An illustration of a mallow branch with flower (a), fruit (b), and one of the carpels (C). Malvaceae,…

An illustration of a manchineel tree stem and fruit. The Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella) is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), native to Florida in the United States, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America. The name "manchineel" (sometimes written "manchioneel") as well as the specific epithet mancinella is from Spanish manzanilla ("little apple"), from the superficial resemblance of its fruit and leaves those of an apple tree. A present-day Spanish name is in fact manzanilla de la muerte, "little apple of death". This refers to the fact that manzanilla is one of the most poisonous trees in the world

Manchineel Tree Stem & Fruit

An illustration of a manchineel tree stem and fruit. The Manchineel tree (Hippomane mancinella) is a…

An illustration of a flowering mandrake plant. Mandrake is the common name for members of the plant genus Mandragora belonging to the nightshades family (Solanaceae). Because mandrake contains deliriant hallucinogenic tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and the roots sometimes contain bifurcations causing them to resemble human figures, their roots have long been used in magic rituals, today also in neopagan religions such as Wicca and Germanic revivalism religions such as Odinism.

Flowering Mandrake Plant

An illustration of a flowering mandrake plant. Mandrake is the common name for members of the plant…

An illustration of a flowering branch of a mango tree; a, flower; b, part of inflorescence; c, pistil; d, fruit; c, seed. Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is indigenous to the Indian Subcontinent.

Flowering Branch of a Mango Tree

An illustration of a flowering branch of a mango tree; a, flower; b, part of inflorescence; c, pistil;…

An illustration of branch of mangrove; a, flowers; b, a flower laid open; c, pistil; d, trichoblast in bark highly magnified. Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline (brackish) coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses: (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangals are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content, collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.

Branch of Mangrove

An illustration of branch of mangrove; a, flowers; b, a flower laid open; c, pistil; d, trichoblast…

An illustration of a flowering branch of common mare's tail; a, flower before athesis; b, flower after athesis; c, fruit. The Common Mare's tail, Hippuris vulgaris, is a common aquatic plant of Eurasia and North America. The species is also sometimes called Horsetail, a name which is better reserved to the Horsetails of genus Equisetum. These are unrelated to the water plant, though there is some resemblance in appearance.

Common Mare's Tail

An illustration of a flowering branch of common mare's tail; a, flower before athesis; b, flower after…

"Branch of Common Beech. a.-- flower; b.-- fruit. Beech, the common name of trees well known in various parts of the world, including America, New Zealand, and Terra del Fuego." -Vaughan, 1906

Common Beech

"Branch of Common Beech. a.-- flower; b.-- fruit. Beech, the common name of trees well known in various…

"Common Beet. Beet, a genus of plants, nat. order Chenopodiaceae, distinguished by its fruit being enclosed in a tough woody or spongy five-lobed enlarged calyx." -Vaughan, 1906

Common Beet

"Common Beet. Beet, a genus of plants, nat. order Chenopodiaceae, distinguished by its fruit being enclosed…

Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W. India, China, Japan and North America. Considered a weed in some parts of the United States where it has been well established in the north eastern States for over 100 years.

Four Leaf Clover

Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W.…

An illustration of a four leaf clover sporocarp with valves opened. Four leaf clover is found in central and southern Europe, Caucasia, western Siberia, Afghanistan, S.W. India, China, Japan and North America. Considered a weed in some parts of the United States where it has been well established in the north eastern States for over 100 years.

Four Leaf Clover Sporocarp with Valves Opened

An illustration of a four leaf clover sporocarp with valves opened. Four leaf clover is found in central…

An illustration of the common marshmallow, flower (a), and fruit (b). Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow, Marsh Mallow, or Common Marshmallow) is a species native to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant. The stems, which die down in the autumn, are erect, 3 to 4 feet (1.2 m) high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches.

Marshmallow

An illustration of the common marshmallow, flower (a), and fruit (b). Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow,…

"Betel vine. Betel, a species of pepper, a creeping or climbing plant, native of the East Indies." -Vaughan, 1906

Betel Vine

"Betel vine. Betel, a species of pepper, a creeping or climbing plant, native of the East Indies." -Vaughan,…

"Longitudinal Section through a Fresh-water Mussel. a, edge of mantle; b, foot, with position of ganglion indicated; c, gills; d, mouth; e, tentacles or palps; f, posterior adductor muscle; g, anterior adductor; h, head-ganglion; i, ventricle of heart; j, auricle of heart; k, rectum; l, kidney; m, exhalent aperture; n, inhalent aperture." -Vaughan, 1906

Mussel Anatomy

"Longitudinal Section through a Fresh-water Mussel. a, edge of mantle; b, foot, with position of ganglion…