ClipArt ETC
An ornate border.

Ornate Border

An ornate border.

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905. The painting frame is used to hold the original in contact with the light-sensitive paper in the blueprint reproduction process.

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

"A patented frame that can be shoved out of the window and adjusted to any angle; it is made in different sized from 16 in. x 24 in. to 48 in. x 72 in. When not in use, it can be folded up against the wall and occupies but little space." — Hallock, 1905. The frame is used in the blueprint reproduction process.

Painting Frame

"A patented frame that can be shoved out of the window and adjusted to any angle; it is made in different…

"The plough is composed of two strong iron frames balanced upon four wheels, and crossing each other at their inner ends, thereby decreasing the length of the plough, and, as a matter of course, the breadth of the headland. The rames are raised and lowered in such a manner that the set of ploughs out of work is independent of, and has no tendency to weigh or raise out of the ground." — Chambers, 1881

Howard's Plough

"The plough is composed of two strong iron frames balanced upon four wheels, and crossing each other…

"A hive largely and successfully used in Scotland, it is octagonal, and the "Quinby hive" of America is much deeper from back to front than it is wide. The Stewarton is not properly a frame, but a bar-hive, although frames are sometimes fitted to it. It usually consists of three octagon breeding-boxes, 14 inches in diameter by 6 inches deep, each furnished with nine bars placed equidistant, the spaces between being occupied by movable slides of wood working in grooves in the bars." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Stewarton Hive

"A hive largely and successfully used in Scotland, it is octagonal, and the "Quinby hive" of America…

An open railroad car having no enclosings.

Platform Car

An open railroad car having no enclosings.

Two or more plows attached to a stock or frame. Generally having wheels as a sulky plow has, with adjustable devices for regularting the depth of furrows.

Gang Plow

Two or more plows attached to a stock or frame. Generally having wheels as a sulky plow has, with adjustable…

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite way, and its click rT is set in the clock-frame. That ratchet is connected with the great wheel by a spring ss' pressing against the two pins s in the ratchet and s' in the wheel. When you wind up the weight, the click Tr prevents the ratchet from turning back or to the right; and as the spring ss' is kept by the weight in a state of tension equivalent to the weight itself it will drive the wheel to the left for a short distance, when its end s is held fast, with the same force as if that end was pulled forward by the weight; and as the great wheel has to move very little during the short time the clock is winding, the spring will keep the clock going long enough." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Harrison's Going-Ratchet

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite…

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D having a pinion d driven by the wheel C, which we may suppose to turn in an hour. The arbors of the scape-wheel and hour-wheel are distinct, their pivots-meeting in a bush fixed somewhere between the wheels. The pivots of the wheel, D are set in the frame AP, which rides on the arbors of the hour-wheel and scape-wheel, or on another short arbor between them. The hour-wheel also drives another wheel G, which again drives the pinion f on the arbor which carries the two arms f A, f B; and on the same arbor is set a fly with a ratchet, like a common striking fly, and the numbers of the teeth are so arranged that the fly will turn once for each turn of the scapewheel. The ends of the remontoire arms f A, f B are capable of alternately passing the notches cut half through the arbor of the scape-wheel, as those notches successively come into the proper position at the end of every half minute; as soon as that happens the-hour-wheel raises the movable wheel D and its frame through a small angle; but nevertheless, that wheel keeps pressing on the scape-wheel as if it were not moving, the point of contact of the wheel C and the pinion d being the fulcrum or center of motion of the level A d P." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Gravity Train Remontoire

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D…

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform carried upon four wheels, which are coupled together by side rods, so that on motion being communicated by means of a mitre wheel in the hind axle, it can be moved forward by hand. On the forward end of the frame are two bosses forming the centres for a pair of bell cranks or bent levers places close to the ground, and facing in opposite directions, either one of which can be connected with the piston rod. The outer arm of each lever carries a square socket, into which is fixed the pick, which has two cutting heads, one placed a little in front of the other so as to cut to the whole depth at one operation." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Coal-cutting Machine

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform…

"Drawing Frame." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Drawing Frame

"Drawing Frame." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain amount of twist imparted to it, and is wound on a bobbin. In this process the end or sliver from the last head of the drawing frame is drawn out by means of three pairs of rollers, and this is twisted as it emerges from the front line of rollers by the action of vertical spindles and flyers, which at the same time wind the ends upon bobbins in successive layers." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Slubbing Frame

"The operation which succeeds that of the drawing frame is slubbing, where the sliver has a certain…

"This, which is the last required before the operations of spinning, strictly so called, commence, resembles in principle the slubbing and intermediate frames. It has a greater number of spindles than either, seldom less than 100, and often 164; and these spindles are set close together, and the bobbins are shorter and smaller than in the intermediate frame." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Roving Frame

"This, which is the last required before the operations of spinning, strictly so called, commence, resembles…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between these the roving bobbins are placed, and the rove is drawn through them to the requisite fineness, and formed into thread by the action of the spindles and flyers, which are placed in front of each set of rollers, at such distances apart from one another as may be required for the different-sized bobbins and counts of yarn to be spun." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Throstle

"The spinning frame, or throstle, is made with two sets of drawing rollers, one on each side. Between…

"The dredges on this pattern, used in Britain for ten years after their first introduction, about the year 1838, were usually small and rather heavy, not more than 12 to 15 inches in length, by 4 or 4.5 inches in width at the mouth. Two scrapers, the length of the dredge-frame, and 1.5 to 2 inches wide, were set at an angle of about 110 degrees to the plane of the dredge's mouth, so that when the dredge was gently hauled along it took hold of the ground and secured anything loose on its surface." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ball's Naturalists' Dredge

"The dredges on this pattern, used in Britain for ten years after their first introduction, about the…

"The parting vessels are of porcelain which, to protect them against fracture by irregular heating, are covered with wire netting and plastered over with a mixture of clay and smithy scales. They are mounted in a frame and set loose in an iron pot with a hemispherical bottom, which is heated by a fire from below, the pot also serves to catch the contents of the porcelain vessel if the latter should be accidentally broken. The cover is perforated by a hole in the center for the passage of a lead pipe to carry off the sulphurous acid fumes." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Parting Vessel

"The parting vessels are of porcelain which, to protect them against fracture by irregular heating,…

"Nordenfelt Machine Gun. 1-10, parts of frame; 11, breech plug; 12, striker; 13, extractor; 14, cartridge receiver; 15-18, 23-31, lock and trigger parts; 19-22, locking action; 32-35, loading action; 36-39, cartridge receiver; 40, cover; 41-44, parts of hand-lever; 45-49, traversing action; 50-55, elevating and trailing action; 56, 56, hopper and slide." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Machine Gun

"Nordenfelt Machine Gun. 1-10, parts of frame; 11, breech plug; 12, striker; 13, extractor; 14, cartridge…

"A very powerful and economical one, for large establishments especially. It is a modification of the well-known Cornish boiler, and consists of two wrought-iron cylinders substantially rivetted together, and having a water space of about 2 inches between them. The frame for the furnace doors d is attached to the front. It is supported by two cast-iron chairs a, a, the front chair forming the frame for the lower flue doors b, which fasten by a simple catch, and can readily be lifted off for cleaning the flues. The plug c, opened by unscrewing it, is for the purpose of clearing out all interior accumulation of dirt, which should be done thoroughly at short intervals. The flow pipe is at e, the return at f." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Trentham Boiler

"A very powerful and economical one, for large establishments especially. It is a modification of the…

"In the year 1589 the stocking-frame, the machine which mechanically produces the looped stitch in hosiery, was invented by the Rev. William Lee, a graduate of Cambridge, and native of Woodborough, near Nottingham. The fundamental principle of the apparatus consists in the substitution of a seperate hooked or barbed needle for the support and working of each loop, in place of the system whereby an indefinate number of loops are skewered on one or more wires or needles. At R is seen a thread of yarn passed over the needle stalks and within the terminal hooks. The yarn, it will be observed, is waved or depressed between each pair of needles, whereby sufficient yarn is secured to form the seperate loops of uniform size, and thus produce a regular equal fabric." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Hosiery

"In the year 1589 the stocking-frame, the machine which mechanically produces the looped stitch in hosiery,…

"An improvement of great importance in the hosiery trade was effected through the invention of the tumbler needle, patented by Mr. M. Townsend in 1858. The tumbler needle consists of a stem somewhat bulged near the point. The bulged part contains a groove in which there is hinged a short pin. The pin is so placed that, when turned to the hooked or curved point, its own point falls into a spoon-like indent, thus forming a smooth metal loop." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Tumbler Needle

"An improvement of great importance in the hosiery trade was effected through the invention of the tumbler…

"The typical hive of America is the improved Langstroth, which has no other covering for the frame tops but a flat roof-board allowing 1/4 in. space between the roof and top-bars for bees to pass from frame to frame." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Langstroth Hive

"The typical hive of America is the improved Langstroth, which has no other covering for the frame tops…

"Cowan's four-frame Extractor; interior." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cowan's Extractor

"Cowan's four-frame Extractor; interior." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"A lady's bicycle with gear-case and dress-guard. The rear frame of the "diamond" type is subjected to very small stresses due to vertical load. The front fork and steering post are subject to bending moment due to the reaction from the ground." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Womans Bike

"A lady's bicycle with gear-case and dress-guard. The rear frame of the "diamond" type is subjected…

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the spindles, and the adjusting cp C is screwed in the end of the hub shell, and locked in position by the screwed locking-ring R. The figure also illustrates a divided spindle for facilitating the removal of the tire for repair when required without disturbing the wheel, bearings, chain or gear-case. The chain side of the hub-spindle, not shown in the figure, is secured to the frame in the usual way; on the left side the spindle S projects very little beyond the adjusting cup. A distance washer W is placed between the end of the spindle S and the fork-end F. A detachable screw-pin, or the footstep, P, passes through the washer W, and is screwed into the end of the spindle S, the hexagod head of the detachable pin drawing all the parts securely together." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Cup-adjusting Hub

"One end of the cup-adjusting hub, with inward bearings. The cones are formed of one piece with the…

"Brank, or Branks, an instrument and formerly used in Scotland, and to some extent also in England, as a punishment for scolds. It consisted of an iron frame which went over the head of the offender, and had in front an iron plate which was inserted in the mouth, where it was fixed above the tongue, and kept it perfectly quiet." — Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Brank

"Brank, or Branks, an instrument and formerly used in Scotland, and to some extent also in England,…

"Pernot and Ponsard Furnaces and Allied Appliances. The pernot furnace as applied to the steel making differs in no material respect from the Pernot puddling furnace; it is substantially a Siemens-Martin furnace with a rotating bed. The hearth is a saucer-shaped cavity supported by an iron frame, mounted on the top of a slightly inclined nearly verticle axis, and running on wheels upon a rail or guide supported on a stout bogie." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pernot Furnace

"Pernot and Ponsard Furnaces and Allied Appliances. The pernot furnace as applied to the steel making…

"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely movable in all directions, having mounted over it a reciprocating frame in which are fixed brushes and pieces of slate or thin stone. These, with a small jet of water, scour and brush the entire surface of the leather lying on the platform, effectually scouring out bloom and all soluble impurities." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scouring Machine

"Another machine now largely used by curriers is the scouring machine, a level table or platform freely…

"The pump barrel, a, b, is represented as divided lengthwise, in order to show the inside. The piston, c, is fitted so accurately to the barrel, as to work up and down water tight; both barrel and piston being made of iron. The thing to be broken or pressed, is laid on the flat surface, i, there being above this, a strong frame to meet the pressure, not shown in the figure. The small forcing pump, of which d is the piston, and h, the lever by which it is worked, is also made of iron." —Comstock, 1850

Hydraulic Press

"The pump barrel, a, b, is represented as divided lengthwise, in order to show the inside. The piston,…

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made electro-magnetic experiments, by the annexed diagram and description. The temporary magnet a, enveloped with its insulated copper wire, is fastened to the wooden frame b, g, by means of cords or otherwise. The frame also supports the standard h, which sustains the revolving drum f, on which the paper to receive the emblematical alphabet is fixed, m being the edge of the paper. To the arm g, is appended the lever c, of wood, which has a slight vertical motion, in one direction by the steel spring d, and in the other, by the armature of soft iron e." —Comstock, 1850

Morses Telegraph

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made…

"At sea the declination is generally observed by means of an azimuth compass invented by Kater. It consists of a magnet with a graduated compass card attached to it. At the side of the instrument opposite the eye there is a frame which projects upwards from the plane of the instrument in a nearly vertical direction, and this frame contains a wide rectangular slit cut into two parts by a wire extending lengthwise. The eye-piece is opposite this frame, and the observer is supposed to point the instrument in such a manner that the wire above mentioned shall bisect the sun's visible disk. There is a totally reflecting glass prism which throws into the eye-piece an image of the scale of the graduated card, so that the observer, having first bisected the sun's disk by the wire, must next read the division of the scale which is in the middle of the field of view." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Azimuth Compass

"At sea the declination is generally observed by means of an azimuth compass invented by Kater. It consists…

"The horizontal section in the direction of the axis of the telescope. The eye-piece ab consists of two planoconvex lenses a, b, of nearly the same focal length, and with the two convex sides facing each other. They are placed at a distance apart less than the focal length of a, so that the wires of the micrometer, which must be distinctly seen are beyond b. The eye-piece slides into the tube cd, which screws into the brass ring ef, through two openings in which the oblong frame, containing the micrometer slides, passes." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"The horizontal section in the direction of the axis of the telescope. The eye-piece ab consists of…

"The vertical section in the direction of the axis of the telescope. The eye-piece ab consists of two planoconvex lenses a, b, of nearly the same focal length, and with the two convex sides facing each other. They are placed at a distance apart less than the focal length of a, so that the wires of the micrometer, which must be distinctly seen are beyond b. The eye-piece slides into the tube cd, which screws into the brass ring ef, through two openings in which the oblong frame, containing the micrometer slides, passes." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"The vertical section in the direction of the axis of the telescope. The eye-piece ab consists of two…

"For a laboratory microscope, the pattern represented here has been found very convienient, —the framework being of mahogany or other hard wood, the stage being large enough to admit a dissection or carry a water-trough of considerable size, and the bent armthat carries the "powers" being made capable of reversion, so as to permit the use of lenses of very long as well as of very short focus." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Microscope

"For a laboratory microscope, the pattern represented here has been found very convienient, —the…

A method of making a coldframe.

Frame

A method of making a coldframe.

"The ball C is placed on a square frame between two upright wires, on each of which a ball slides so as to strike C when it descends. Let the ball A drop, and it will drive C to D... Let the ball B drop, and it will drive C to E; this is simple motion. Let A and B drop at the same instant, and they will drive C to F; this is resultant motion." —Quackenbos 1859

Resultant Motion with Ball

"The ball C is placed on a square frame between two upright wires, on each of which a ball slides so…

Micrometer

Micrometer

Micrometer

Eight Shillings Bill (8 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1777. Frame, arms and value printed in red.

Paper Money, Eight Shillings Bill, 1777

Eight Shillings Bill (8 shillings) Pennsylvania currency from 1777. Frame, arms and value printed in…

Illustration of 2 concentric squares whose vertices are connected by line segments.

2 Concentric Squares

Illustration of 2 concentric squares whose vertices are connected by line segments.

To make a blueprint, place the tracing in a blueprint frame with the inked side next to the glass and lay a sheet of blueprint paper with the sensitized side next to the tracing. Put the back of the frame in place and lock it in position so as to hold the tracing paper. Expose to sunlight for 30 seconds.

Frame Blueprint

To make a blueprint, place the tracing in a blueprint frame with the inked side next to the glass and…

Celtic border with knots

Celtic Border

Celtic border with knots

The parts of a box kite: "A, frame, with B, crosspiece; C D, details of joints; F G, bridle; E, string jointed to bridle; H J, knots." -Foster, 1921

Kite

The parts of a box kite: "A, frame, with B, crosspiece; C D, details of joints; F G, bridle; E, string…

Decorative frame or border with graduates and educational items.

Graduate Border

Decorative frame or border with graduates and educational items.

Border of four boys eating pie.

Boy Frame

Border of four boys eating pie.

Border of a cartoon man and woman at the dinner table.

Cartoon Couple Frame

Border of a cartoon man and woman at the dinner table.

A decorative border with the King of France and al of his men.

King and Men

A decorative border with the King of France and al of his men.

A decorative border with a sleeping farmer while the cow stands on the pump and the sheep play cribbage.

Farm Border

A decorative border with a sleeping farmer while the cow stands on the pump and the sheep play cribbage.

A decorative border with a chicken on a farm.

Chicken Border

A decorative border with a chicken on a farm.

A decorative border with a frog in a swamp.

Frog Border

A decorative border with a frog in a swamp.

A decorative border with a donkey being pulled, and then in the barn eating hay.

Donkey Border

A decorative border with a donkey being pulled, and then in the barn eating hay.

A decorative border of vines and apples.

Apple Border

A decorative border of vines and apples.

Hanover Stamp (1 gutengr.) from 1850

Hanover 1 Gutengr Stamp, 1850

Hanover Stamp (1 gutengr.) from 1850

A decorative border of children and nature.

Children Border

A decorative border of children and nature.

A decorative frame of flowers and vines.

Floral Frame

A decorative frame of flowers and vines.

A decorative frame with a creek, trees, and lily pads.

Spring Frame

A decorative frame with a creek, trees, and lily pads.

A decorative border for spring with vines, a nest, and dragonflies.

Spring Border

A decorative border for spring with vines, a nest, and dragonflies.

A decorative border of envelopes, letters, and inkwells with four windows and banners for captions.

Letter and Ink Border

A decorative border of envelopes, letters, and inkwells with four windows and banners for captions.

When binding books they are "sewed on a frame, each sheet being attached by a thread to cords across the back. The sewing, though sometimes done by a machine, is cheifly executed by girls."-Lupton

Book Binding

When binding books they are "sewed on a frame, each sheet being attached by a thread to cords across…

"When the soap is properly formed, the lye is carefully separated from it, and then it is removed in buckets to the 'frame room,' where it is poured into large frames which are like bins, their sides being bolted together." _Lupton

Manufacturing of Soap

"When the soap is properly formed, the lye is carefully separated from it, and then it is removed in…