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An illustration of a small jellyfish. Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. ellyfish don't have specialized digestive, osmoregulatory, central nervous, respiratory, or circulatory systems. They digest using the gastrodermal lining of the gastrovascular cavity, where nutrients are absorbed. They do not need a respiratory system since their skin is thin enough that the body is oxygenated by diffusion. They have limited control over movement and mostly free-float, but can use the hydrostatic skeleton of the water pouch to accomplish vertical movement through pulsations of the disc-like body.

Jellyfish

An illustration of a small jellyfish. Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. ellyfish…

An illustration of an atheris burtoni, a species of viper. These snakes are found all over the world, except in Australia and Madagascar. All have relatively long hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom.

Viper

An illustration of an atheris burtoni, a species of viper. These snakes are found all over the world,…

Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher Columbus, founded the Santo Domingo and named it after Saint Dominic. Today it is the oldest European city in the New World.

Discovery of Santo Domingo

Bartholomew Columbus, brother of Christopher Columbus, founded the Santo Domingo and named it after…

An sectional illustration of a carding machine. Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed fibers to prepare them as textiles. A large variety of fibers can be carded, anything from dog hair, to llama, to soy fiber (a fiber made from soy beans), to polyester. Cotton and wool are probably the most common fibers to be carded. Not all fibers are carded; Flax and bast, for example, is retted then threshed.

Sectional View of a Carder

An sectional illustration of a carding machine. Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed…

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to General Winfield Scott.

Gold Medal Awarded to Winfield Scott (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to General Winfield Scott.

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government.

First Great Seal of the United States (Back)

The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States…

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Isaac Shelby.

Medal Presented to Isaac Shelby (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Isaac Shelby.

View in a New England shipyard.

New England Shipyard

View in a New England shipyard.

The New York Waterthrush (Seiurus naevius) is a passerine bird of the New World warblers.

New York Waterthrush

The New York Waterthrush (Seiurus naevius) is a passerine bird of the New World warblers.

A view of the historic city Charleston in South Carolina.

Charleston, S.C.

A view of the historic city Charleston in South Carolina.

A small medal was struck in commemoration of the great act of separation of South Carolina. They became a separate, free, independent State.

South Carolina Medal

A small medal was struck in commemoration of the great act of separation of South Carolina. They became…

In 1807, Fulton and King built the first commercial steamboat, the <em>North River Steamboat</em> (later known as the <em>Clermont</em>), which carried passengers between New York City and Albany, New York.

Fulton's Clermont

In 1807, Fulton and King built the first commercial steamboat, the North River Steamboat (later…

The Congressional Gold Medal presented to Major George Croghan.

Croghan's Medal (Back)

The Congressional Gold Medal presented to Major George Croghan.

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Obverse)

The obverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

Sen (Reverse)

The reverse side of the Japanese sen, one hundredth of a yen.

The Battle of Stony Point was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. Here is a view of Stony Point from the Southwest. <p>"View of Stony Point from the southwest. This view shows a large portion of the morass, and the place where the assaulting party divided and prepared for an attack upon the fort, which was situated where the light-house is seen. The place of the causeway is on the left, denoted by the cattle. When I made this sketch it was quite high water, and the morass, there about one hundred feet wide, was almost covered. There was another place near the river shore, on the right, where the Point was accessible at times. It is distinguished in the sketch by the narrow strip of land extending nearly across the mouth of the morass. Upon this the enemy had dug pits and placed sharpened stakes within them, so that, had the Americans attempted to reach the Point by that way many would have been impaled."—Lossing, 1851

Stony Point

The Battle of Stony Point was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. Here is a view of Stony Point…

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

Nodding Chickweed

"d, calyx, showing the five free sepals" of the Nodding Chickweed (Cerastium nutans) -Whitney, 1911

Hagia Sophia is a former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture. It was the largest cathedral ever built in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between A.D. 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and was in fact the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site.

Plan of Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia is a former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous…

Hagia Sophia is a former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture. It was the largest cathedral ever built in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between A.D. 532 and 537 on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and was in fact the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site.

Section of Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia is a former patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous…

The most imposing and original of all Indian domes are those of the Jumma Musjid and of the Tomb of Mahmûd, both at Bijapur. Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of Mohammed Adil Shah (1627-1657) of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Indian sultans, who ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1490 to 1686. The structure consists of a massive square chamber measuring nearly 50 m (160 ft) on each side and covered by a huge dome 37.9 m (124 ft) in diameter making it the second largest pre-modern dome in the entire world (after the dome of Hagia Sophia and Pantheon).

Gol Gumbaz (Section)

The most imposing and original of all Indian domes are those of the Jumma Musjid and of the Tomb of…

The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St. Cuthbert of Durham, commonly referred to as Durham Cathedral, in the city of Durham, England, was founded in AD 1093 and remains a center for Christian worship today. It is generally regarded as one of the finest examples of a Norman cathedral and has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with nearby Durham Castle, which faces it across Palace Green, high above the River Wear.

Plan of Durham Cathedral

The Cathedral Church of Christ, Blessed Mary the Virgin and St. Cuthbert of Durham, commonly referred…

An illustration of a cross pendant worn by the king of Assyria.

Cross Pendant

An illustration of a cross pendant worn by the king of Assyria.

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings by double gold wires, and fastened together at the back with thin twisted wire" (Britannica, 1910).

Gold Crown

An illustration of a gold crown created by "pure hammered gold cut into thin plates, attached to rings…

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence; 4, flower; 5, fruit; 6, seed; and 7, seed. Soft rush (Juncus effusus) is a member of the Juncus genus found growing in wet areas.

Soft Rush

An illustrative view of the soft rush. 1, plant; 2, inflorescence; 3, end of branch of inflorescence;…

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America

Juniper

An illustration of a juniper branch, vertical section of fruit (1), and male catkin (2). Junipers are…

"Blackwall -- Form a bight at the end of a rope, put the good of a tackle through the bight so that the end of the rope may be jammed between the standing part and the back of the hook." -Britannica, 1910

Blackwall Hitch

"Blackwall -- Form a bight at the end of a rope, put the good of a tackle through the bight so that…

The royal Ch&acirc;teau de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable ch&acirc;teaux in the world because of its very distinct French Renaissance architecture that blends traditional French medieval forms with classical Italian structures.

Plan of Château de Chambord

The royal Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France is one of the most recognizable…

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois. Its origins date back to the medieval period and its present structure has evolved in stages since the sixteenth century.

Plan of Louvre and Tuileries, Paris

The palais du Louvre in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine is a former royal palace, situated between…

The ligaments of the elbow joint- posterior view. Labels: a, external lateral ligament; b, internal laterla ligament; c, external arciform ligaments; d, internal arciform ligaments.

Ligaments of the Elbow Joint

The ligaments of the elbow joint- posterior view. Labels: a, external lateral ligament; b, internal…

Deep ligaments of the carpus- external view. Labels: a and b, deep portions of the external lateral ligament; c, superior, d, median, and e, inferior trapezial ligaments.

Deep Ligaments of the Carpus

Deep ligaments of the carpus- external view. Labels: a and b, deep portions of the external lateral…

Ligaments of the carpus- postero-internal view. Label: a, b, deep portions of internal lateral ligament; c, oblique ligament; d, interosseous metacarpal ligament; e, external interosseous ligament of the upper row.

Ligaments of the Carpus

Ligaments of the carpus- postero-internal view. Label: a, b, deep portions of internal lateral ligament;…

Superficial ligaments of the carpus- posterior view. Labels: a, posterior annular ligament; b, posterior common ligament.

Superficial Ligaments of the Carpus

Superficial ligaments of the carpus- posterior view. Labels: a, posterior annular ligament; b, posterior…

Ligaments of the hip joint- infero-internal view. Labels: a, cotyloid ligament; b, round ligament; c, pubio-femoral, crossed by the transverse ligament.

Hip Joint Ligaments

Ligaments of the hip joint- infero-internal view. Labels: a, cotyloid ligament; b, round ligament; c,…

Ligaments of the tarsus- postero-internal view. Labels: a, internal lateral ligament; b, calcaneo-cuboid ligament.

Tarsus Ligaments

Ligaments of the tarsus- postero-internal view. Labels: a, internal lateral ligament; b, calcaneo-cuboid…

Ligaments of the tarsus- antero external view. Labels: a, external lateral, and b, oblique ligament.

Tarsus Ligaments

Ligaments of the tarsus- antero external view. Labels: a, external lateral, and b, oblique ligament.

Muscles of the external ear- posterior view. Labels: a, inferior and b, superior layer of the scuto-auricularis internus; c, attollens posticus; d, retrahens externus; e, retrahens medius; f, retrahens internus; g, mastoido-auricularis.

Muscles of the External Ear of a Horse

Muscles of the external ear- posterior view. Labels: a, inferior and b, superior layer of the scuto-auricularis…

The neck muscles of a horse-lateral view. Labels: a, oblique capitis posticus; b, obliquus capitis anticus; c, complexus minor; d, rectus capitis posticus major; e, rectus capitis posticus minor.

Neck Muscles of a Horse

The neck muscles of a horse-lateral view. Labels: a, oblique capitis posticus; b, obliquus capitis anticus;…

"Racking Seizing -- A running eye having been spliced round one part of the rope, the ine is passed entirely round the other part, crossed back round the first part, and so for ten to twenty turns..." -Britannica, 1910

Racking Seizing

"Racking Seizing -- A running eye having been spliced round one part of the rope, the ine is passed…

"Sheep-Shank -- Formed by making a long bight in a topgallant back stay, or any rope which it is desirable to shorten, and taking a half-hitch near each bend, as at a, a. Rope-yarn stops at b, b are desirable to keep it in place till the strain is brought up on it. Wire rope cannot be so treated, and it is injurious to hemp rope that is large and stiff." -Britannica, 1910

Sheep-Shank

"Sheep-Shank -- Formed by making a long bight in a topgallant back stay, or any rope which it is desirable…

Two men in renaissance clothing having a conversation on the side of the road. The man to the left is noted to be a jester for a king. The caption reads, "'What wilt thou that a fool can do for thee?' he asked again."

Two Men Talking

Two men in renaissance clothing having a conversation on the side of the road. The man to the left is…

The Annual Excursion of the Congo Fishing Club. Chorus of members :&mdash; "Hey, there, in the stern! Trim the boat!"

Congo Fishing Club Annual Excursion 1

The Annual Excursion of the Congo Fishing Club. Chorus of members :— "Hey, there, in the stern!…

The Annual Excursion of the Congo Fishing Club. The thick-skinned member :&mdash; "Beg pardon, were you speaking to me?"

Congo Fishing Club Annual Excursion 2

The Annual Excursion of the Congo Fishing Club. The thick-skinned member :— "Beg pardon, were…

A front view of a diving helmet. A, Helmet; B, Breastplate; F, Emergency cock; G, Glasses in frame; H, Metal screws and bands; I, Metal tabs; J, Hooks for keeping weight ropes into position; and L, Eyes to which air pipe and life line are secured.

Diving Helmet (Front)

A front view of a diving helmet. A, Helmet; B, Breastplate; F, Emergency cock; G, Glasses in frame;…

A side view of a diving helmet. K, Segmental neck rings; D, Air conduits; Telephone receiver; N, transmitter; and O, contact piece to ring bell.

Diving Helmet (Side)

A side view of a diving helmet. K, Segmental neck rings; D, Air conduits; Telephone receiver; N, transmitter;…

Back view of a diving helmet.

Diving Helmet (Back)

Back view of a diving helmet.

Top view of diving helmet. C, Air inlet valve; E, Regulating outlet valve; G, Glasses in frames; L, Eyes to which air pipe and life line are secured; and P, Connection for telephone cable.

Diving Helmet (Top)

Top view of diving helmet. C, Air inlet valve; E, Regulating outlet valve; G, Glasses in frames; L,…

An illustration of Dodder including: 1, flower removed from; 2, Calyx; Ovary cut acrossed; 4, fruit enveloped by a persistent corolla; 5, seed; and 6, embryo. Dodder) is a genus of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown that it is correctly placed in the family Convolvulaceae. The genus is found throughout the temperate to tropical regions of the world, with the greatest species diversity in subtropical and tropical regions; the genus becomes rare in cool temperate climates, with e.g. only four species native to northern Europe.

Dodder

An illustration of Dodder including: 1, flower removed from; 2, Calyx; Ovary cut acrossed; 4, fruit…

The sestertius or sesterce was an ancient silver coin during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

Sestertius

The sestertius or sesterce was an ancient silver coin during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle of Fort Sumter during the American Civil War.

Fort Sumter Medal (Back)

The Fort Sumter medal executed by order of the New York Chamber of Commerce in recognition of the Battle…

The obverse side of a Ducat, a gold coin, of Ladislaus Postumus, the King of Hungary from A.D. 1452-1457.

Ducat of Ladislaus Postumus, Obverse

The obverse side of a Ducat, a gold coin, of Ladislaus Postumus, the King of Hungary from A.D. 1452-1457.

The reverse side of a ducat, a gold coin, of Ladislaus Postumus, the King of Hungary from A.D. 1452-1457.

Ducat of Ladislaus Postumus, Reverse

The reverse side of a ducat, a gold coin, of Ladislaus Postumus, the King of Hungary from A.D. 1452-1457.

The obverse side of a ducatoon, a silver coin, struck by Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice A.D. 1618-1623.

Ducatoon

The obverse side of a ducatoon, a silver coin, struck by Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice A.D. 1618-1623.

The reverse side of a ducatoon, a silver coin, struck by Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice A.D. 1618-1623.

Ducatoon, Reverse

The reverse side of a ducatoon, a silver coin, struck by Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice A.D. 1618-1623.

A scene from "A Little Field of Glory." A soldier rescues the main character, Thomas, from an attack by a tiger. The caption reads, "Then the big defiant champion gathered the smallest man in the world tenderly into his arms and covered him with the large sleeve of his tabard."

Tiger Attack

A scene from "A Little Field of Glory." A soldier rescues the main character, Thomas, from an attack…

Muscles of the anterior limb-external view. Labels: a, antea-spinatus; b, postea-spinatus; c, teres externus; d, caput magnum; e, caput medium; f, flexor brachii; g, extensor metacarpi magnus; h, extensor metacarpi obliquus; i, flexor metacarpi externus; k, extensor pedis; k', its tendon; k", fibrous band from the suspensory ligament; l, extensor suffraginis; l', its tendon.

Horse Leg Muscles

Muscles of the anterior limb-external view. Labels: a, antea-spinatus; b, postea-spinatus; c, teres…

Muscles of the anterior limb-internal view. Labels: a, subscapularis; b, teres internus; c, coracohumeralis; d, scapulo-ulnaris; e, flexor metacarpi internus; f, flexor metacarpi medius; g, caput parvum.

Horse Leg Muscles

Muscles of the anterior limb-internal view. Labels: a, subscapularis; b, teres internus; c, coracohumeralis;…

External view of the muscles of the anterior limb-showing the deeper ones of the upper region. Labels: a, posteaspinatus minor; b, deep portion of the postea-spinatus; c, flexor brachii divided and the upper part raised; c', its tendon, which fits the cicipital groove; d, humeralis obliquus; e, anconeus; f, extensor pedis; g, Thiernesse's muscles; h, Phillips' muscle; h', its tendon.

Horse Leg Muscles

External view of the muscles of the anterior limb-showing the deeper ones of the upper region. Labels:…

Internal view of the deep muscles of the anterior limb. Labels: a, caput parvum of triceps extensor brachii; b, flexor pedis perforatus; b' its tendon; b", slips to the phalanges; c, flexor pedis perforans; c', radialis accesorius; c', ulnaris accesorius; c"', inferior check ligament; d, perforans tendon leaving the sheath of perforatus tendon.

Horse Leg Muscles

Internal view of the deep muscles of the anterior limb. Labels: a, caput parvum of triceps extensor…

Right infero-lateral view of the muscles of the maxillary space, the ramus and hyoid cornu are cut away. Labels: a, lingualis; b, hyo-glossus longus; c, ho-glossus brevis; d, genio-hyo-glossus; e, genio-hyoideus; f, stylo-hyoideus; g, hyoideus magnus; h, levator palati; i, tensor palati; k, pharyngostaphylinus; l, pterygo-pharyngeus; m, kerato-pharyngeus; n, hyo-pharyngeus; o, thyro-pharyngeus; p, crico-pharyngeus; q, esophagus.

Muscles of the Maxillary Space of a Horse

Right infero-lateral view of the muscles of the maxillary space, the ramus and hyoid cornu are cut away.…

Right infero-lateral view of the head; the maxillary ramus, cheek, parotid gland, and upper lip being removed. Labels: a, submaxillary gland; b, Wharton's duct; c, sublingual gland; d, its excretory orifices; e, labial glands; f, their excretory orifices; g, papilla, with orifice of Steno's duct; h, orifices of the superior, and i, those of the inferior molar glands; k, the hard palate; l, the soft palate; m, the tongue, with its papillae; n, pillars of the tongue and soft palate; o, fraenumlinguae.

Horse Head

Right infero-lateral view of the head; the maxillary ramus, cheek, parotid gland, and upper lip being…