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"Forum of Pompeii. A, principal entrance; B, a Corinthian temple; C, the public prison (carcer publicus); D is supposed to have been a horreum, or public granary; E, temple of Venus, the guardian goddess of the city; F, basilica; G, H, I, the curiae, or civil and commercial tribunals; K, a rectangular building which may have served the purpose of a shop for money-changers; L, a portico terminating in an apsis; M, temple of Mercury or Quirinus; N, a building with a large semicircular tribune, which probably constituted the residence of the priests called Augustales." -Whitney, 1911

Forum of Pompeii

"Forum of Pompeii. A, principal entrance; B, a Corinthian temple; C, the public prison (carcer publicus);…

The obverse and reverse sides of the fourpenny piece, or groat, an English silver coin worth fourpence.

Fourpenny Piece of Queen Victoria

The obverse and reverse sides of the fourpenny piece, or groat, an English silver coin worth fourpence.

"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system." -Whitney, 1911

Obverse Side of Silver Franc of Henry III

"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system."…

"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system." -Whitney, 1911

Reverse Side of Silver Franc of Henry III

"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system."…

Aphrophora quadrangularis is a species of Froghopper, an insect in the order Hemiptera.

Dorsal View of Froghopper

Aphrophora quadrangularis is a species of Froghopper, an insect in the order Hemiptera.

The image shows a fruit bat, a bat from the Pteropodidae family of megabats.

Fruit Bat Hanging from Tree

The image shows a fruit bat, a bat from the Pteropodidae family of megabats.

Tabanus americanus is a species of biting horsefly in the Tabanidae family of horseflies. It was also known as the synonym Tabanus ruficornis.

Dorsal View of Horsefly

Tabanus americanus is a species of biting horsefly in the Tabanidae family of horseflies. It was also…

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2, palpifer; 3, lacinia; 4, subgalea; 5, maxillary palp; 6, stipes." -Whitney, 1911

Ventral View of Dung Beetle

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2,…

Galeruca notata is a beetle species in the Chrysomelidae family of leaf beetles.

Dorsal View of Leaf Beetle

Galeruca notata is a beetle species in the Chrysomelidae family of leaf beetles.

Galgulus oculatus is a true bug species in the Gelastocoridae family of toad bugs.

Dorsal View of Toad Bug

Galgulus oculatus is a true bug species in the Gelastocoridae family of toad bugs.

Scipio, from King's "Engraved Gems."

Scipio

Scipio, from King's "Engraved Gems."

An illustration of a globe (El mundo).

Globe

An illustration of a globe (El mundo).

An illustration of a prisoner drilling a hole in the wall of his prison cell.

Prisoner Drilling Hole

An illustration of a prisoner drilling a hole in the wall of his prison cell.

An illustration of an eagle with prey in its claws.

Lion

An illustration of an eagle with prey in its claws.

An illustration of a human nose.

Human Nose

An illustration of a human nose.

An illustration of a human mouth.

Human Mouth

An illustration of a human mouth.

An illustration of a jester attempting to catch a money bag.

Jester & Money Bag

An illustration of a jester attempting to catch a money bag.

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). A, side view: sa, surangular bone of mandible; ar, articular of mandible; d, dentary; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrymal; me, mesethmoid; mx, maxillary; p, parietal; pf, postfrontal process; pt, pterygoid; px, premaxillary; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." -Whitney, 1911

Skull of Common Fowl

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). A, side view: sa, surangular bone of mandible; ar, articular…

Gelechia gallae-solidaginis is a species of gall moth, an insect in the Gelechiidae family of Gelechiid moths.

Dorsal View of Gall Moth

Gelechia gallae-solidaginis is a species of gall moth, an insect in the Gelechiidae family of Gelechiid…

View of the Main River flowing through Frankfort.

Frankfort-on-the-Main

View of the Main River flowing through Frankfort.

The Cathedral of Cologne is renowned as a monument of Christianity and of Gothic architecture. It is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe. Because of its enormous twin spires, it also presents the largest façade of any church in the world. The famous tomb of the Magi is contained within its walls. Three copper lamps, always burning, bear the names of the three kings, Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar.

Cathedral of Cologne

The Cathedral of Cologne is renowned as a monument of Christianity and of Gothic architecture. It is…

Strasburg, originally known as Strateburguen in the sixth century, on the first partition of the Frankish territory this ancient city was included in the kingdom of Austria; on the second partition in Lorraine, In the tenth century it belonged to the German emperors, and subsequently became a free city of the empire, until 1681, when it was finally annexed to France.

Ancient Houses in Strasburg

Strasburg, originally known as Strateburguen in the sixth century, on the first partition of the Frankish…

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed by the Rhine river in its course from Schaffhausen to Basle, and from Basle to Mannheim. It is bounded by the plain that borders the river The Neckar River bounds it on the north, while on the east it is limited by the upper part of the same river, and by an imaginary line drawn from the source of the Neckar to Schaffhausen. The Black Forest owes its gloomy name to the dark aspect of its peaks and slopes which is shadowed by pine-trees. On the brightest day the forest's trees still retain their shadow.

Black Forest Village

View of a village in the Schwartzwald, or Black Forest. The Black Forest stands in the elbow formed…

Abbey of Allerheiligen, or All Saints, this abbey is beautifully situated on the banks of the Lierbach, a stream which takes its rise on the western slope of the Hornisgrinde, and turns sharply southward. Indebted for its foundation to the Duchess Uta von Schauenberg, according to tradition owed its situation to an ass. The duchess determined to found an abbey, but undecided as to the site, she ordered the necessary funds to be placed on the back of an ass, declaring that where the animal stopped there she would build. On this spot work was at once begun in the year 1192 and two years after the monastery was completed.

Abbey of Allerheiligen

Abbey of Allerheiligen, or All Saints, this abbey is beautifully situated on the banks of the Lierbach,…

View of a peasant's house in the Black Forest. The scene includes an ox cart loaded with hay, children playing, and two geese.

Peasant's House in the Black Forest

View of a peasant's house in the Black Forest. The scene includes an ox cart loaded with hay, children…

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman settlements date back to 5th century AC, near St. Peter's Barn. Establishing settlements in Simonswald occurred first in the New Stone Age, then was left deserted for 3 thousand years (some suggest cold climate as reason) and re-discovered in the 11th century. Official record first mention dates back to 5. August 1178 when Pope Alexander III confirmed "Sigmanswald" as property of Monastery St Margarethen, Waldkirch; until the 16th century Simonswald was called Sigmanswald.

Simonswald

Archaeological artifacts show that Simonswald was home to farmers as early as 6000 to 3000 BC. Roman…

View of the castle framed by an arch. A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most important Renaissance structures north of the Alps. The castle has only been partially rebuilt since its demolition in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is served by an intermediate station on the Heidelberger Bergbahn funicular railway that runs from Heidelberg's Kornmarkt to the summit of the Königstuhl. The earliest castle structure was built before 1214 and later expanded into two castles circa 1294; however, in 1537, a lightning-bolt destroyed the upper castle. The present structures had been expanded by 1650, before damage by later wars and fires. In 1764, another lightning-bolt destroyed some rebuilt sections.

Heidelberg Castle Viewed from Terrace

View of the castle framed by an arch. A landmark of Heidelberg, the castle ruins are among the most…

Interior view of Heidelberg Castle with elaborately carved doorway and part of a courtyard.

Interior of Heidelberg Castle

Interior view of Heidelberg Castle with elaborately carved doorway and part of a courtyard.

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate. The large medieval center of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first settlements in Regensburg date to the Stone Age. The Celtic name Radasbona was the oldest name given to a settlement near the present city. Around AD 90 the Romans built a small "cohort-fort" in what would now be the suburbs.

Ratisbon

Regensburg, also Ratisbon, Ratisbona, is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the…

The Statue of Bavaria is a bronze-cast statue of a female figure representing Bavaria's "secular patron saint", the Tellus (Mater) Bavarica. It is also called the goddess of the land of Bavaria. The statue was built at the foundry of J.B. Stiglmair from 1844 until 1850, mainly by Stiglmair's nephew Ferdinand Von Miller. Since the Bavaria is one of the biggest bronze sculptures in the world, it had to be built out of four big parts and several smaller ones.

Statue of Bavaria

The Statue of Bavaria is a bronze-cast statue of a female figure representing Bavaria's "secular patron…

The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I to house his collection of Greek and Roman sculptures (hence Glypto-, from the Greek root glyphein, to carve). It was designed by Leo von Klenze in the Neoclassical style, and built from 1816 to 1830.

Glyptothek

The Glyptothek is a museum in Munich, Germany, which was commissioned by the Bavarian King Ludwig I…

The Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek) is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany. It is one of the oldest galleries of the world housing one of the most famous art museums for the old masters. The name (old Pinakothek) alludes to the time period covered by the art — the Neue Pinakothek covers 19th century art and the recently opened Pinakothek der Moderne exhibits modern art, all galleries are part of Munich's "Kunstareal" (the "art area").

Pinacothek

The Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek) is an art museum situated in the Kunstareal in Munich, Germany.…

The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a goat-like animal, living at moderately high altitudes and are adapted to living in steep, rugged, rocky terrain. A fully grown chamois reaches a height of about 2½ feet and weighs about 110 pounds. Males and females have short horns which are slightly curled in the posterior direction. In summer, the fur has a rich brown colour which turns to a light grey in winter. Distinct characteristics are a white face with pronounced black infraorbital stripes, a white rump and a black dorsal stripe. Chamois can reach an age of up to 20 years. Female chamois and their young live in herds; adult males tend to live solitarily for most of the year. During the rut (late November/early December in Europe, May in New Zealand), males engage in fierce battles for the attention of unbred females. An impregnated female undergoes a gestation period of 20 weeks, after which a single kid is born. The kid is fully grown by three years of age.

Chamois

The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is a goat-like animal, living at moderately high altitudes and are…

Falkenstein Castle or Castrum Pfronten is a High Middle Ages castle ruin in the Bavarian Alps, near Pfronten, a town in southern Germany. The ruin's German name is Burg Falkenstein ("Castle Falcon Stone"). At 1,268 meters above sea level, it is Germany's most elevated castle ruin. Originally known as Castrum Pfronten, the stone castle was built approximately 1270-1280 by Count Meinhard II von Tirol on the borders of his land (Tyrol). Because of the unusual situation of the Castle it has been interpreted in historical context as a symbol of opposition to the Duchy of Bavaria. In winter the castle was uninhabitable because of the high altitude at which it is located. The name Castle Falkenstein only came into use in the 15th century. The castle was largely destroyed in the 17th century. King Ludwig II of Bavaria purchased the ruin in 1883 and planned to transform the site into a magnificent fairy tale schloss (formerly schloß). The plans were abandoned upon his death in 1886.

Falkenstein Castle

Falkenstein Castle or Castrum Pfronten is a High Middle Ages castle ruin in the Bavarian Alps, near…

The collegiate church of St. Peter was built in the Romanesque style in the twelfth century. The burial ground of St. Peter is situated directly south of the church and is the most ancient place of sepulture in Salzburg. In this view, we see the churchyard, situated at the base of an overhanging rock, from which hangs rich and luxurious foliage; before us, in the open space, are monuments in every style of mortuary design, while cowled monks kneel before the ancient symbol of Christianity, or converse together within this sacred enclosure.

Peter's Churchyard in Salzburg

The collegiate church of St. Peter was built in the Romanesque style in the twelfth century. The burial…

Salzburg was a city state in the Roman empire until 1805, when it was conquered by the Austrian army. The city is filled with churches, palaces, burgher houses, and a cathedral displaying every style and modification of architecture from Romanesque to neo-classical.

View of Salzburg

Salzburg was a city state in the Roman empire until 1805, when it was conquered by the Austrian army.…

The Wilhelma was originally a royal palace, mimicking Moorish architecture. After the second world war, a zoo and botanical gardens. It is Europe's only large combined zoological and botanical garden and is home to over 8,000 animals from over 1,000 different species and countless exotic plants from over 5,000 different species. The zoo is famous for keeping all four kinds of great apes, all in families with offspring, as well as for its aquarium featuring animals and plants from all over the world. The botanical gardens are renowned for containing Europe's biggest magnolia grove. It is also the home of the polar bear Wilbaer, who was born in captivity at the zoo in December of 2007.

Wilhelma

The Wilhelma was originally a royal palace, mimicking Moorish architecture. After the second world war,…

The ancestral home of Conrad of Hohenzollern and the third castle constructed on the site. The castle stands today, and was constructed by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV between 1846 and 1867. It is located in the Suabian Alps.

Castle of Hohenzollern

The ancestral home of Conrad of Hohenzollern and the third castle constructed on the site. The castle…

A picturesque view of Lintz (Linz) on the Danube with a small number of buildings on the river banks. There are a few boats on the river.

Lintz on the Dabube

A picturesque view of Lintz (Linz) on the Danube with a small number of buildings on the river banks.…

A picturesque view of the Lintz (Linz) city center. Lintz was founded by the Romans, who called it "Lentia." It was a provincial and local government city, an important trading point connecting several routes, on either side of the river Danube from the East to the West and Bohemia and Poland from north to the Balkans and Italy to the south. Linz is the third largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria. It is located in the north centre of Austria on both sides of the river Danube.

View of Lintz

A picturesque view of the Lintz (Linz) city center. Lintz was founded by the Romans, who called it "Lentia."…

The Wiener Prater is a large public park in Vienna's 2nd district Leopoldstadt. Prater is derived from the Latin word pratum meaning meadow, possibly via Spanish prado. In 1162, the Emperor Friedrich I gave the land to a noble family called de Prato. The land changed hands frequently until it was bought by Emperor Maximilian II in 1560 to be a hunting ground. To deal with the problem of poachers, Emperor Rudolf II forbade entry to the Prater. On April 7 1766, Emperor Joseph II declared the Prater to be free for public enjoyment, and allowed the establishment of coffee-houses and cafés, which led to the beginnings of the Wurstelprater.

The Prater

The Wiener Prater is a large public park in Vienna's 2nd district Leopoldstadt. Prater is derived from…

The Gloriette at Schönbrunn, a elegant pavilion is a miniature reproduction of the Palace of Schönbrunn. A gloriette (from the 12th century French for "little glory") is a building in a garden erected on a site that is elevated with respect to the surroundings. The structure and shape can vary greatly, often in the form of a pavilion or tempietto, more or less open on the sides. The Gloriette at Schönbrunn is a pavilion with two wings that are open porticos with a beautiful view of the city from its rooftop.

The Gloriette at Schönbrunn

The Gloriette at Schönbrunn, a elegant pavilion is a miniature reproduction of the Palace of Schönbrunn.…

The Belvedere is a baroque palace complex built by Prince Eugene of Savoy Vienna, Austria. This view of the garden includes two sphinx sculptures and an number of visitors in formal attire.

The Belvedere Garden

The Belvedere is a baroque palace complex built by Prince Eugene of Savoy Vienna, Austria. This view…

View of man striking the Christmas chimes at the Cathedral of St. Stephen, also called Stephansdom, stands in the heart of old Vienna.

Striking the Christmas Chimes at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna

View of man striking the Christmas chimes at the Cathedral of St. Stephen, also called Stephansdom,…

"Dorsal View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney, 1911

Dorsal View of Gastrochaena

"Dorsal View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney,…

"Ventral View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney, 1911

Ventral View of Gastrochaena

"Ventral View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney,…

"Lateral View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney, 1911

Lateral View of Gastrochaena

"Lateral View of Gastrochaena. The ventral view shows the dried mantle with pedal perforation." -Whitney,…

"Gastrula of a Chalk-sponge (Olynthus). A, external view." -Whitney, 1911

Chalk Sponge Gastrula

"Gastrula of a Chalk-sponge (Olynthus). A, external view." -Whitney, 1911

"Gazzetta of the Ionian islands, 1801. A small copper coin, worth about 3 farthings, made in Venice for the Ionian islands." -Whitney, 1911

Obverse and Reverse Sides of a Gazzetta

"Gazzetta of the Ionian islands, 1801. A small copper coin, worth about 3 farthings, made in Venice…

The Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is a baboon relative in the Cercopithecidae family of Old World monkeys.

Gelada Baboon

The Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is a baboon relative in the Cercopithecidae family of Old World monkeys.

The Cormorant "P. carbo, but has a tuft of long narrow recurved plumes on each side f the crown in the nuptial dress, which are black, white, or particoloured according to the locality. The bare loral region and gular sac are orange, and no white is visible on the throat or flanks." A. H. Evans, 1900

Cormorant

The Cormorant "P. carbo, but has a tuft of long narrow recurved plumes on each side f the crown in the…

"Standing some four feet high on very long legs, this bird (Secretary Bird) gives the impression of a Heron or Crane, and is a striking object on its native plains. The short strong beak is greatly arched, and is not toothed, the neck is elongated, the body comparatively small, and the metatarsus boldly scutellated all around, the short straight toes with their blunt claws being joined anteriorly by small membranes The ample wings have eleven pointed primaries and seventeen secondaries. the graduated tail of twelve rectrices has the two obtuse median feathers drooping and much prolonged. Down is evenly distributed over the adults, and an after-shaft is present. The general colour is bluish-grey, with black wing-quills, lower back and vent; the loose pendent crest on the occiput and nape contains ten plumes in pairs, the longer being black and the shorter grey with black ends; the tail grey, subterminally barred with black and tipped with white, which sometimes shews on the short close flank-feathers. The long cere, naked sides of the face, and feet are yellow, the irides hazel. The sexes are similar." A. H. Evans

Secretary Bird

"Standing some four feet high on very long legs, this bird (Secretary Bird) gives the impression of…

"Gypa&eumltus barbatus, the magnificent L&emumlmmergeier, is greyish-black with white streaks, and has a white crown, cheeks with a black band bifurcating at the eye to meet above, and pale tawny lanceolate plumage on the neck and lower parts. Dense black bristles cover the nostrils and lores, and the black tuft, which gives the name of "Bearded Vulture", projects below the mandible. The sclerotic membrane is crimson. The young are chiefly brown and buff." A. H. Evans, 1900

L&emumlmmergeier

"Gypaëtus barbatus, the magnificent L&emumlmmergeier, is greyish-black with white streaks, and has…

"Milvus milvus, the Red Kite or Forked Tail Glead of the Old World, ranging from the Atlantic Islands-except, perhaps, the Azores-through most of Europe to Palestine, Asia, Minor, and Northern Africa, but leaving the northerly districts in autumn, is red-brown above and rusty-red beneath, the lower surface and whitish head being streaked with dark brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Red Kite Resting on a Branch by a Body of Water

"Milvus milvus, the Red Kite or Forked Tail Glead of the Old World, ranging from the Atlantic Islands-except,…

"Rhynchotus rufescens,... is grey-brown, with blacker crown, rufous cheeks, neck, and breast, and chestnut primaries; the back is being barred with whitish and black, and the flanks with brown and white. " A. H. Evans, 1900. This bird is referenced in this source as Rhynchotus rufescens the Great Tinamou, though it's description seems to more closely resemble Rhynchotus rufescens the Red-Winged Tinamou.

Red-winged Tinamou

"Rhynchotus rufescens,... is grey-brown, with blacker crown, rufous cheeks, neck, and breast, and chestnut…

"Phasianus colchicus, Pheasant, ...has a white collar and slaty lower back with dark green barring; while the former has the rump feathers buff, with black mottlings and purplish-red tips. The females, hardly separable from one another, lack the red face-wattles, the long ear-tufts, and the pair of spurs of a male." A. H. Evans, 1900

Pheasant

"Phasianus colchicus, Pheasant, ...has a white collar and slaty lower back with dark green barring;…

"Psophia crepitans, the Agami, ranging from British Guiana to Amazonia, is a black bird with velvety plumage on the head and neck, and lax feathering below; a golden-green and violet sheen adorns the lower fore-neck, a rusty brown patch crosses the back and wing-coverts, the bare orbits are pinkish, the beak is greenish or greyish, and the legs are variously stated to be bright green or flesh coloured." A. H. Evans, 1900

Trumpeter

"Psophia crepitans, the Agami, ranging from British Guiana to Amazonia, is a black bird with velvety…

"Larus ichthyaetus, the Great Black-headed Gull, ranging from the Black Sea and the Levant to Tibet, and wintering in Southern Asia, has the bill almost orange." A. H. Evans, 1900. The adults have a black hood, grey wings and back, and white wing tips.

Great Black-Headed Gull

"Larus ichthyaetus, the Great Black-headed Gull, ranging from the Black Sea and the Levant to Tibet,…

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan group, is glossy greenish-black, with chestnut back, rump, wing-coverts, tail and under tail-coverts, but browner-quills and abdomen. The hooked and toothed bill is orange, the feet are reddish, and the naked orbits red. The sexes are similar, the young entirely brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Tooth-Billed Pigeon

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan…

"Goura coronata, the Crowned Pigeon, discovered by Dampier in 1699, is bluish-slate -coloured, with darker wings, and some black on the chin and side of the head; a broad chestnut band crossing the back, one of white shewing conspicuously on the wing, and one of grey terminating the tail." A. H. Evans, 1900

Crowned Pigeon

"Goura coronata, the Crowned Pigeon, discovered by Dampier in 1699, is bluish-slate -coloured, with…