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Color flag of Cyprus. White with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities.

Flag of Cyprus, 2009

Color flag of Cyprus. White with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived…

Black and white outline flag of Cyprus. White with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

Flag of Cyprus, 2009

Black and white outline flag of Cyprus. White with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name…

Abies Balsamea (Balsam Fir) or Balm of Gilead Fir, lvs. dark green and lustrous above, pale below, rounded or obtusely short pointed and occasionally emarginate, acute or acuminate on fertile branches: cones oblong, cylindrical, purple, 2&1/2-4 in. long; bracts shorter or rarely slightly longer than their scales." L.H. Bailey, 1917

Balsam Fir Tree Cone

Abies Balsamea (Balsam Fir) or Balm of Gilead Fir, lvs. dark green and lustrous above, pale below, rounded…

"Picea, Silver Fir. Fig. 60. Tree, 100-200 ft: trunk 6-8 ft. in dia.: lvs. flat, distichously spreading, dark green and lustrous above, silvery white below: cones slender, cylindrical, light green to dark purple, 5-6 in. long; bracts slightly longer than their scales. Mts. of Cent. and S. Eu., often gregarious.- Wood esteemed and much used; yields Strasburg turpentine. Dwarf forms, with erect and pendulous and with much abbreviated branches, are common in gardens. Not perfectly hardy in New England." L.H. Bailey, 1917

Silver Fir Tree Cone

"Picea, Silver Fir. Fig. 60. Tree, 100-200 ft: trunk 6-8 ft. in dia.: lvs. flat, distichously spreading,…

An illustration of the letter N as tree branches and a child sitting on it.

Decorative Letter N

An illustration of the letter N as tree branches and a child sitting on it.

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the pistil; c, two different fruits." -Century, 1889 bia_

Rubia Flowers & Branches

"1. Branches of [Rubia] (Rubia tinctorum) with flowers and fruits/ 2. The rhizome. a, a flower; b, the…

An illustration of the common marshmallow, flower (a), and fruit (b). Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow, Marsh Mallow, or Common Marshmallow) is a species native to Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant. The stems, which die down in the autumn, are erect, 3 to 4 feet (1.2 m) high, simple, or putting out only a few lateral branches.

Marshmallow

An illustration of the common marshmallow, flower (a), and fruit (b). Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow,…

"Ampelis garrulus. Bohemian Waxwing. General color brownish-ash, shading insensibly from the clear ash of the tail and its upper coverts and rump into a reddish-tinged ash anteriorly, this peculiar tint heightening on the head, especially on the forehead and sides of the head, into orange-brown. A narrow frontal line, and bordered with white. No yellowish on belly. Under tail-coverts orange-brown, or chestnut. Tail ash, deepening to blackish-ash toward the end broadly tipped with rich yellow. Wings ashy-blackish; primaries tipped (chiefly on the outer webs) with sharp spaces of yellow, or white, or both; secondaries with white spaces at the ends of the outer webs, the shafts usually ending with enlarged, horny, red appendages. Primary coverts tipped with white. Bill blackish-plumbeous, often paler at the base below; feet black." Elliot Coues, 1884

Bohemian Waxwing

"Ampelis garrulus. Bohemian Waxwing. General color brownish-ash, shading insensibly from the clear ash…

An illustration of a vase with branches doodad.

Vase with Branches Doodad

An illustration of a vase with branches doodad.

A doodad with two branches crossed.

Branches Crossing Doodad

A doodad with two branches crossed.

A Rose-breasted Grosbeak (lower) and a Northern Cardinal (upper) sit on branches among the flowers. "Zamelodia ludoviciana. Rose-breasted Song Grosbeak. Adult male with the head and neck all around and most of the upper parts black, the rump, upper tail-coverts and under parts white, the breast and under wing-coverts exquisite carmine rose-red; wings and tail black, variegated with white; bill white; feet grayish-blue; iris brown. Female above, streaked with blackish and olive-brown or flaxen-brown, with median white coronal and superciliary line; below, white, more or less tinged with fulvous and streaked with dusky; under wing-coverts saffron-yellow; upper coverts and inner quills with a white spot at end; bill brown." "Cardinalis virginianus. Cardinal Grosbeak. Cardinal Red-bird. Virginia Nightinggale. male, adult: Rich red, usually vermillion, sometimes rosy; pure and intense on crest and under parts, darker on back, where obscured with ashy-gray, as it is also on upper surfaces of wings and tail; the feathers of the wings fuscous on inner webs. A jet-black mask on the face, entirely surrounding the bill, extending on the throat. Bill coral-colored; feet brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

A Northern Cardinal and a Rose-breasted Grosbeak Sitting on a Branch Among the Flowers

A Rose-breasted Grosbeak (lower) and a Northern Cardinal (upper) sit on branches among the flowers.…

"Fig 63 - Skull of a duck (Clangula islandica), nat. size; Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, U.S.A. a, premaxillary bone; b, partly ossified internasal septum; b', pervious part of nostril; c, end of premaxillary, perforated form numerous branches of second division of the fifth cranial nerve; d, dentary bone of under mandible; e, groove of nerves, etc.; f, a vacuity between dentary and other pieces of the mandible; g, articular surface; h, recurved "angle of the jaw;" i, occipital protuberance; j, vacuity in supraoccipital bone; k, muscular impression on back of skull; l is over the black ear-cavity; m, post-frontal process; n, quadrate bone; o, pterygoid; p, palatine; q, quadrato-jugal; r, jugal; s, maxillary; t, fronto-parietal dome of the brain-cavity; u; u, the lacrymal bone, immense in a duck, nearly completing rim of the orbit by approaching m; v, vomer; w, supra-orbital depression for the nasal gland; x, cranio-facial hinge; y, optic foramen; z, etc. interorbital vacuities." Elliot Coues, 1884

Duck Skull

"Fig 63 - Skull of a duck (Clangula islandica), nat. size; Dr. R.W. Shufeldt, U.S.A. a, premaxillary…

This leaf border is a design of intertwining branches with small leaves on them.

Lead Border

This leaf border is a design of intertwining branches with small leaves on them.

"Conuropsis carolinensis. Carolina Parroquet. Green; head yellow; face red; bill white; feet flesh-color; wings more or less variegated with blue and yellow. Sexes alike." Elliot Coues, 1884

Carolina Parroquets

"Conuropsis carolinensis. Carolina Parroquet. Green; head yellow; face red; bill white; feet flesh-color;…

"Scops. Little Horned Owls. Screech Owls. Like the miniature Bubo in form (all our species under a foot long). Skull and ear-parts symmetrical; latter small, simply elliptical, with rudimentry operculum; facial disc moderately developed; plumicorns evident; nostrils at edge of cere, which is not inflated, and shorter than the rest of the culmen. Wings rounded, but long, about twice the length of the short rounded tail, about to the end which they fold; in our species the 4th and 5th primaries longest, the 1st quite short; 3 or 4 outer primaries sinuate or emarginate on inner webs. Tarsus feathered (in our species), but toes only partly bristly (in the S. asio group) or quite naked (as in S. Flammeola). Plumage dichromatic in some cases; i.e. some individuals of the same species normally mottled gray, while others are reddish, the two phases very distinct when fully developed, but shading insensibly into each other, and entirely independent of age, season, or sex. In normal plumage, a white or whitish scapular stripe; lower parts with lengthwise blotches or shaft-lines and crosswise bars or waves of blackish or dark colors; upper parts with black or blackish shaft-lines on a finely-dappled brown or gray ground (more or less obliterated in the red phase); facial disc black-bordered nearly all around; wing-quills spotted or marbled on outer webs, barred on inner webs. Tail with light and dark bars. A large and nearly cosmopolitan genus, especially rich in tropical species; but only two are known to inhabit N. Am. one of them running into several local races very difficult to characterize satisfactorily." Elliot Coues, 1884

Screech Owls

"Scops. Little Horned Owls. Screech Owls. Like the miniature Bubo in form (all our species under a foot…

Scops. Little Horned Owls. Screech Owls. Like the miniature Bubo in form (all our species under a foot long). Skull and ear-parts symmetrical; latter small, simply elliptical, with rudimentry operculum; facial disc moderately developed; plumicorns evident; nostrils at edge of cere, which is not inflated, and shorter than the rest of the culmen. Wings rounded, but long, about twice the length of the short rounded tail, about to the end which they fold; in our species the 4th and 5th primaries longest, the 1st quite short; 3 or 4 outer primaries sinuate or emarginate on inner webs. Tarsus feathered (in our species), but toes only partly bristly (in the S. asio group) or quite naked (as in S. Flammeola). Plumage dichromatic in some cases; i.e. some individuals of the same species normally mottled gray, while others are reddish, the two phases very distinct when fully developed, but shading insensibly into each other, and entirely independent of age, season, or sex. In normal plumage, a white or whitish scapular stripe; lower parts with lengthwise blotches or shaft-lines and crosswise bars or waves of blackish or dark colors; upper parts with black or blackish shaft-lines on a finely-dappled brown or gray ground (more or less obliterated in the red phase); facial disc black-bordered nearly all around; wing-quills spotted or marbled on outer webs, barred on inner webs. Tail with light and dark bars. A large and nearly cosmopolitan genus, especially rich in tropical species; but only two are known to inhabit N. Am. one of them running into several local races very difficult to characterize satisfactorily." Elliot Coues, 1884

Screech Owl

Scops. Little Horned Owls. Screech Owls. Like the miniature Bubo in form (all our species under a foot…

This leaf border is a design of intertwining branches with small leaves on them.

Lead Border

This leaf border is a design of intertwining branches with small leaves on them.

An illustration of three pine cones and evergreen branches.

Three Pine Cones

An illustration of three pine cones and evergreen branches.

Small tree with upswept branches.

Sorbus Aria

Small tree with upswept branches.

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning for form may be done in a general manner to obtain the following results: (1) Maintenance of a comparatively open center to the tree; (2) exposure to the sun and air as large a number as possible of last year's branches around the circumference of the tree; (3) removal of all ground suckers and water sprouts; (4) preservation of outward-growing and drooping basal and lateral fruit branches; (5) heading back of upward-growing limbs, which consume much, but produce little; and, (6) the removal of all diseased or injured wood. In pruning for form the rules governing pruning for fruit should be kept in mind."—Government Printing Office, 1897

An Olive Tree

"By the time [olive trees] are well grown the form of the young tree is established, and further pruning…

Olive branches in fruit, showing a self-sterile and a self-fertile variety.

Olive Branches in Fruit

Olive branches in fruit, showing a self-sterile and a self-fertile variety.

The galleries of the Xyloterus retusus tend to be built rather deeply into the wood, with the branches extending mostly horizontal.

Gallery of Xyloterus Retusus

The galleries of the Xyloterus retusus tend to be built rather deeply into the wood, with the branches…

Also known as Pinus strobus. It is light green with silvery lines. The branches are generally around 3 inches to 5 inches in length. The cones are cylindrical, between 6 inches and 8 inches long, with smooth scales and a thick apex.

Eastern White Pine Branchlet

Also known as Pinus strobus. It is light green with silvery lines. The branches are generally around…

Also known as Pinus sylvestris. This image depicts the branchlet and cones of the Scots Pine.

Scots Pine

Also known as Pinus sylvestris. This image depicts the branchlet and cones of the Scots Pine.

A violet-colored flower that has an erect stem, with many branches.

Plumbago Europaea

A violet-colored flower that has an erect stem, with many branches.

Also known as Plumeria. It is native of tropical America, and is made up of thickish branches and white, yellowish, or rose-purple flowers.

Frangipangi

Also known as Plumeria. It is native of tropical America, and is made up of thickish branches and white,…

A woody fern with numerous branches and dark brown, squarrose scales. They are commonly found in New Zealand and Australia.

Polypodium Pustulatum

A woody fern with numerous branches and dark brown, squarrose scales. They are commonly found in New…

"The larvae of [Saperda populena] live in gall-like swellings in the branches [of poplar]."—Nicholson, 1884

Saperda Populena

"The larvae of [Saperda populena] live in gall-like swellings in the branches [of poplar]."—Nicholson,…

Also known as Rhamnus cathartica. It is a deciduous shrub with grey-brown bark and spiny branches. The leaves are ovate and acutely serrated. The height of this plant reaches between 5 feet and 10 feet.

Buckthorn

Also known as Rhamnus cathartica. It is a deciduous shrub with grey-brown bark and spiny branches. The…

A crowded species of sugar cane. The branches grow up to 12 inches in length, and the stems up to 7 feet high. It is native to Algeria.

Saccharum Aegyptiacum

A crowded species of sugar cane. The branches grow up to 12 inches in length, and the stems up to 7…

"If the plants are too tall or spindling, and you wish to have them dwarf and bushy, cut off the crown or center stalk as low as you wish to have the plant. This will force the plant to start or send out new branches from the sides of the old stalk."—Heinrich, 1887

When to Prune

"If the plants are too tall or spindling, and you wish to have them dwarf and bushy, cut off the crown…

"Cyme is produced when a single flower at the top of the stem has two branches, one on each side, which in turn subdivides in the same way."—Darby, 1855

Cyme

"Cyme is produced when a single flower at the top of the stem has two branches, one on each side, which…

The acacia riceana branch has yellow flowers that go down the branch in solitary divisions along the stalk. The branch resembles a weeping willow.

Acacia Riceana Branch

The acacia riceana branch has yellow flowers that go down the branch in solitary divisions along the…

The fronds on the adiantum diaphanum fern ranges from four to eight inches in height with long slender fronds. The base of the fern has one to three branches. This variety of maidenhair grows in south east China and New Zealand.

Adiantum Diaphanum Fern

The fronds on the adiantum diaphanum fern ranges from four to eight inches in height with long slender…

Adiantum luddemannianum has clustered leaves that are deep green. The fern branches out about a third of the way up from the base of the plant. This is a greenhouse variety of maidenhair.

Adiantum Luddemannianum Fern

Adiantum luddemannianum has clustered leaves that are deep green. The fern branches out about a third…

The adiantum pedatum variety of maidenhair has one to three branches at the base an is between nine and twenty four inches long. Each frond is divided in two and branch out in a fan shape.

Adiantum Pedatum Fern

The adiantum pedatum variety of maidenhair has one to three branches at the base an is between nine…

The branches of Ampelopsis Aconitifolia are long and reddish brown. The leaves are divided up to the midrib.

Stem and Leaves of Ampelopsis Aconitifolia

The branches of Ampelopsis Aconitifolia are long and reddish brown. The leaves are divided up to the…

Anastatica Hierochuntina is commonly known as Rose of Jericho. The flowers are small and white. The branches crowd in a globe shape.

Anastatic Hierochuntina Flower

Anastatica Hierochuntina is commonly known as Rose of Jericho. The flowers are small and white. The…

The flowers of the ardisia crenulata are a reddish violet color. There are numerous, bright berries on the flowering branches. This tree grows between three and six feet tall.

Ardisia Crenulata Flowering Branch

The flowers of the ardisia crenulata are a reddish violet color. There are numerous, bright berries…

The flowers of azalea ledifolia are white. The flowers grow in threes at the ends of the branches. The whole shrub is very hairy.

Azalea Ledifolia

The flowers of azalea ledifolia are white. The flowers grow in threes at the ends of the branches. The…

The flowers of boronia megastigma are maroon purple on the outside and yellow on the inside. This shrub grows one foot high. This shrub can be found in southwestern Australia.

Flowering Branches of Boronia Megastigma

The flowers of boronia megastigma are maroon purple on the outside and yellow on the inside. This shrub…

The common name of eryngium is eryngo. Eryngium giganteum flowers are blue and oval shaped. Each stem branches in two. The plant grows between three and four feet high.

Eryngium Giganteum

The common name of eryngium is eryngo. Eryngium giganteum flowers are blue and oval shaped. Each stem…

The common name of erythraea is centaury. Erthraea muhlenbergi has deep pink flowers with greenish-white stars in the center. The plant has numerous, slender branches.

Flowering Stem of Erythraea Muhlenbergi

The common name of erythraea is centaury. Erthraea muhlenbergi has deep pink flowers with greenish-white…

Forsythia suspensa is a deciduous shrub. The flowers are yellow and scattered on slender branches.

Flowering Branch of Forsythia Suspensa

Forsythia suspensa is a deciduous shrub. The flowers are yellow and scattered on slender branches.

The common name of fraxinus ornus is manna ash. Manna ash flowers are greenish white. Young branches are purplish with yellow dots. The tree grows between twenty and thirty feet high.

Flowering Branch of Fraxinus Ornus (Manna Ash)

The common name of fraxinus ornus is manna ash. Manna ash flowers are greenish white. Young branches…

The fronds of the gleichenia circinata fern have recurved margins. The branches can have fine short hair.

Gleichenia Circinata

The fronds of the gleichenia circinata fern have recurved margins. The branches can have fine short…

The branches of the gooseberry plant help shade each other to protect the fruit. A scorching sunshine can prematurely ripen the gooseberry. The best flavor comes from the yellow varieties.

Fruiting Branch of Gooseberry

The branches of the gooseberry plant help shade each other to protect the fruit. A scorching sunshine…

The common name of juniperus communis hibernica is Irish juniper. The branches are erect with numerous, rigid, closet set branchlets. The habit of growth is somewhat column shaped.

Habit, Fruiting Branchlet, and Young Female Cone of Juniperus Communis Hibernica

The common name of juniperus communis hibernica is Irish juniper. The branches are erect with numerous,…

The larva, or caterpillar, of the leopard moth is whitish with black glossy spots. The caterpillar has a blackish plate on the segment next to the head. These caterpillars feed on the wood in the interior of the stems and branches of pear, apple, or plum trees.

Caterpillar of the Leopard Moth

The larva, or caterpillar, of the leopard moth is whitish with black glossy spots. The caterpillar has…

The flowers of melaleuca squamea are reddish purple, white, or yellowish. The flowers grow together in small, round heads. The flowers bloom in June.

Flowering Branches of Melaleuca Squamea

The flowers of melaleuca squamea are reddish purple, white, or yellowish. The flowers grow together…

Olearia gunnia flowers are white and bloom in September. The branches are hoary. Pictured is a flowering branch, branchlet, and flower head of olearia gunnia.

Olearia Gunniana

Olearia gunnia flowers are white and bloom in September. The branches are hoary. Pictured is a flowering…

Optunia multiflora is a variety of prickly pear. The flowers are yellow and bloom in summer. The branches are large and flattened. The spines are numerous and clustered.

Flowering Branch of Optunia Multiflora

Optunia multiflora is a variety of prickly pear. The flowers are yellow and bloom in summer. The branches…

Pictured is a leaf with a male on it, slightly enlarge (a) and a male flying, much enlarged (b). Lecanium persicae is known as the peach scale insect. It lives on the branches of peach and plum trees.

Lecanium Persicae

Pictured is a leaf with a male on it, slightly enlarge (a) and a male flying, much enlarged (b). Lecanium…

In a horizontal system of training pear trees the lower branches must be equally vigorous with the upper ones. A represents the permanent trees.

Horizontal System of Training Pear Trees

In a horizontal system of training pear trees the lower branches must be equally vigorous with the upper…

Gymnosporangium fuscum is a fungus that induces a thickened state of the branches of its host.

Juniper Twig Attacked by Gymnosporangium

Gymnosporangium fuscum is a fungus that induces a thickened state of the branches of its host.

Illustrated in a stem of young pine attacked by peridermium pini. Peridermium pini is a fungus that almost always grows on trees young twenty years old. The fungus ultimately kills the branches.

Stem of Young Pine Attached by Peridermium Pini

Illustrated in a stem of young pine attacked by peridermium pini. Peridermium pini is a fungus that…

Phlox subulata nivalis is a white variety of moss pink.

Flowering Branches of Phlox Subulata Nivalis

Phlox subulata nivalis is a white variety of moss pink.

Phyllanthus chantrieri flowers are brick-red with pale yellow hairs. The flowers bloom in summer. Branches form a right angle with the stem.

Phyllanthus Chantrieri

Phyllanthus chantrieri flowers are brick-red with pale yellow hairs. The flowers bloom in summer. Branches…

The male flowers of phyllanthus salviaefolius are small and greenish. The female flowers are larger and tinted with red. The branches are much spreading.

Phyllanthus Salviaefolius

The male flowers of phyllanthus salviaefolius are small and greenish. The female flowers are larger…

The petals of phyllocactus biformis flowers are narrow and about two or three inches long. The flowers are a pale, rosy pink color. The plant branches freely and is three feet tall.

Phyllocactus Biformis

The petals of phyllocactus biformis flowers are narrow and about two or three inches long. The flowers…