ClipArt ETC
A Roman Trading vessel laden with goods.

Trading Vessel

A Roman Trading vessel laden with goods.

A Gallic Sword Blade.

Gallic Sword-Blade

A Gallic Sword Blade.

Roman Pack-wagons and carts carrying goods being drawn by horses.

Roman Pack-wagons

Roman Pack-wagons and carts carrying goods being drawn by horses.

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Front

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Front

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Back

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Back

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Front

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Front

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Back

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Back

Roman catapulta war machine.

Catapulta

Roman catapulta war machine.

A Gallic Coin. Front.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic Coin. Front.

A Gallic Coin. Back.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic Coin. Back.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

Various standards of military units of Rome in the Gallic War.

Signa Militaria

Various standards of military units of Rome in the Gallic War.

Coin of L. Plancus showing bust on front and amphora on back. Front.

Coin of L. Plancus

Coin of L. Plancus showing bust on front and amphora on back. Front.

"The cloak worn by a Roman general commanding an army, his principal officers and personal attendants, in contradistinction to the sagum of the common soldiers, and the toga or garb of peace. It was the practice for a Roman magistrate, after he had received imperium from the comitia curiata and offered up his vows in the capitol, to march out of the city arrayed in the paludamentum, attended by his lictors in similar attire, nor could he again enter the gates undil he had formally divested himself of this emblem of military power. The paludamentum was open in front, reached down to the knees or a litle lower, and hung loosely over the shoulders, being fastened across the chest by a clasp. The colour of the paludamentum was commonly white or purple, and hence it was marked and remembered that Crassus no the morning of the fatal battle of carrhae went forth in a dark-coloured mantle." — Smith, 1873

Paludamentum

"The cloak worn by a Roman general commanding an army, his principal officers and personal attendants,…

Coin of L. Plancus showing bust on front and amphora on back. Back.

Coin of L. Plancus

Coin of L. Plancus showing bust on front and amphora on back. Back.

Military formation of the Romans, also agmen quadratum. Square formation with no troops in the middle.

Hollow Square

Military formation of the Romans, also agmen quadratum. Square formation with no troops in the middle.

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones instead of darts.

Ballista

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones…

A Gallic coin with a human figure on the front. Front.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin with a human figure on the front. Front.

"A round shield, three feet in diameter, carried by the celites in the Roman army. Though small, compared with the Clipeus, it was so strongly made as to be a very effectual protection. This was probably owing to the use of iron in its framework. The parma was also worn by the cavalry. We find the term parma often applied to the target (Cetra), which was also a small round shield, and therefore very similar to the parma. The preceding cut represents a votive parma, embossed and gilt, representing onits border, as is supposed the taking of Rome by the Gauls under Brennus, and its recovery by Camillus." — Smith, 1873

Parma

"A round shield, three feet in diameter, carried by the celites in the Roman army. Though small, compared…

A Gallic coin with a human figure on the front. Back.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin with a human figure on the front. Back.

Gallic Torques were heavy necklaces of braided metal. Gauls carried their wealth in the form of Gold Torques which they wore around their necks.

Gallic Torques

Gallic Torques were heavy necklaces of braided metal. Gauls carried their wealth in the form of Gold…

Bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Gaius Iulius Caesar

Bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

A Gallic coin. Front.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin. Front.

A Gallic coin. Back.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin. Back.

A Gallic coin.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin.

A Gallic coin.

Gallic Coin

A Gallic coin.

A section of chain mail from a suit of chain mail armor, lorica hamata.

Chain Mail

A section of chain mail from a suit of chain mail armor, lorica hamata.

"An anklet or bangle, worn by the Orientals, the Greeks, and the Roman ladies also. It decorated the leg in the same manner as the bracelet adorns the wrist and the necklace the throat. The word, however, is sometimes used in the same sense as the Latin feminalia, that is, drawers reaching from the navel to the knees." — Smith, 1873

Periscelis

"An anklet or bangle, worn by the Orientals, the Greeks, and the Roman ladies also. It decorated the…

"A mask. Masks were worn by Greek and Roman actors in nearly all dramatic representations. This custom arose undoubtedly from the practice of smearing the face with certain juices and colours, and of appearing in disguise, at the festivals of Bacchus. Now as the Greek drama arose out of these festivals, it is highly probable that some mode of disguising the face was as old as the drama itself. Choerilus of Samos, however, is said to have been the first who introduced regular masks. Other writers attribute the invention of masks to Thesuis or Aeschylus, though the latter had probably only the merit of perfecting and completing the whole theatrical apparatus and costume. Some masks covered, like the masks of modern times, only the face, but they appear more generally to have covered the whole head down to the shoulders, for we always find the hair belonging to a mask described as being a part of it; and this must have been the case in tragedy more especially, as it was necessary to make the head correspond to the stature of an actor, which was heightened by the cothurnus. The annexed cut represents the grotesque mask of a Satyr, together with a tragic mask, which are contined in the British Museum. some of the oldest manuscripts of Terence contain representations of Roman masks, and from these manuscripts they have been copied in several modern editions of that poet. The cut annexed contains representations of four of these masks prefixed to the Andria." — Smith, 1873

Persona

"A mask. Masks were worn by Greek and Roman actors in nearly all dramatic representations. This custom…

"A mask. Masks were worn by Greek and Roman actors in nearly all dramatic representations. This custom arose undoubtedly from the practice of smearing the face with certain juices and colours, and of appearing in disguise, at the festivals of Bacchus. Now as the Greek drama arose out of these festivals, it is highly probable that some mode of disguising the face was as old as the drama itself. Choerilus of Samos, however, is said to have been the first who introduced regular masks. Other writers attribute the invention of masks to Thesuis or Aeschylus, though the latter had probably only the merit of perfecting and completing the whole theatrical apparatus and costume. Some masks covered, like the masks of modern times, only the face, but they appear more generally to have covered the whole head down to the shoulders, for we always find the hair belonging to a mask described as being a part of it; and this must have been the case in tragedy more especially, as it was necessary to make the head correspond to the stature of an actor, which was heightened by the cothurnus. The annexed cut represents the grotesque mask of a Satyr, together with a tragic mask, which are contined in the British Museum. some of the oldest manuscripts of Terence contain representations of Roman masks, and from these manuscripts they have been copied in several modern editions of that poet. The cut annexed contains representations of four of these masks prefixed to the Andria." — Smith, 1873

Persona

"A mask. Masks were worn by Greek and Roman actors in nearly all dramatic representations. This custom…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Cestius

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Aelius

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Ariminum

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Trajan

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"Puteal, properly means the enclosure surrounding the opening of a well, to protect persons from falling into it. It was either round or square, and seems usually to have been of the height of three or four feet from the ground. It was the practice in some cases to surround a sacred place with an enclosure open at the top, and such enclosres, from the great similarity they bore to putealia, were called by this name. there were two such places in the Roman forum; one of these was called Puteal Libonis or Scribonianum, because a chapel in that place had been struck by lightning, and Scribonius Libo expiated it by proper ceremonies, and erected a puteal around it, open at the top, to preserve the memory of the place. The form of the puteal is preserved on several coins of the Scribonian gens. This puteal seems to have been near the atrium of Vesta, and was a common place of meeting for usurers. The other puteal was in the comitium, on the left side of the senate-house, and in it were deposited the whetstone and razor of Attus Navius." — Smith, 1873

Puteal

"Puteal, properly means the enclosure surrounding the opening of a well, to protect persons from falling…

Clock from, "Hickory Dickory Dock."

Hickory Dickory Dock

Clock from, "Hickory Dickory Dock."

"Signa Militaria, military ensigns or standards. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is said to have been a handful of straw fixed to the top of a spear or pole. Hence the company of soldiers belonging to it was called Manipulus. The bundle of hay or fern was soon succeeded by the figures of animals, viz. the eagle, the wolf, the minotaur, the horse, and the boar. These appear to have corresponded to the five divisions of the Roman army." — Smith, 1873

Signa Militaria

"Signa Militaria, military ensigns or standards. The most ancient standard employed by the Romans is…

"Spira, the base of a column. in the Tuscan and the Roman Doric the base consisted of a single torus, sometimes surmounted by an astragal. In the Ionic and Attic it commonly consisted of two tori, divided by a scotia, and in the Corinthian of two tori divided by two scotiae. The upper torus was often fluted, and surmounted by an astragal, as in the left-hand figure of the following wood-cut, which shows the form of the base in the Ionic or Attic temple of Panops on the Ilissus. The right-hand figure in the same wood-cut shows the corresponding part in the temple of Minerva Polias at Athens. In this the upper torus is wrought with a platted ornament, perhaps designed to represent a robe or cable." — Smith, 1873

Spira

"Spira, the base of a column. in the Tuscan and the Roman Doric the base consisted of a single torus,…

"A Greek measure of length, and the chief one used for itinerary distances. It was equal to 600 Greek or 625 Roman feet, or to 125 Roman paces; and the roman mile contained 8 stadia. Hence the stadiura contained 600 feet 9 inches English. This standard prvailed throughout Greece, under the name of the Olympic stadium, so called because it was the exact length of the stadium or footrace course at Olympia, measured between the pillars at the two extremities of the course. The first use of the measure seems to be contemporaneous with the formation of the stadium at Olympia when the Olympic games were revived by Iphitus." — Smith, 1873

Stadium

"A Greek measure of length, and the chief one used for itinerary distances. It was equal to 600 Greek…

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

A Roman soldier

Soldier

A Roman soldier

How Horatius kept the bridge

Horatius

How Horatius kept the bridge

A clock that says it is 12 o'clock

12 O'clock

A clock that says it is 12 o'clock

A clock that says it is 5 minutes past 12

5 Minutes Past 12

A clock that says it is 5 minutes past 12

A clock that says it is 10 minutes past 12

10 Minutes Past 12

A clock that says it is 10 minutes past 12

A clock that says it is quarter past 12

Quarter Past 12

A clock that says it is quarter past 12

A clock that says it is 20 minutes past 12

20 Minutes Past 12

A clock that says it is 20 minutes past 12

A clock that says it is 25 minutes past 12

25 Minutes Past 12

A clock that says it is 25 minutes past 12

A clock that says it is half-past 12

Half-Past 12

A clock that says it is half-past 12

A clock that says it is 25 minutes to 1

25 Minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 25 minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 20 minutes to 1

20 Minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 20 minutes to 1

A clock that says it is quarter to 1

Quarter to 1

A clock that says it is quarter to 1

A clock that says it is 10 minutes to 1

10 Minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 10 minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 5 minutes to 1

5 Minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 5 minutes to 1

A clock that says it is 1 o'clock

1 O'clock

A clock that says it is 1 o'clock

A clock that says it is 2 o'clock

2 O'clock

A clock that says it is 2 o'clock