ClipArt ETC
"South Carolina Flag."—Lossing, 1851

South Carolina Flag

"South Carolina Flag."—Lossing, 1851

"View at Fort Moultrie. This view is from the southwestern angle of Fort Sullivan, looking toward Jame's Island. That angle, with cannons, a portion of the barracks, and the flag-staff, are seen on the right. The small building toward the left marks the center of the old Palmetto Fort. In the distance is seen Fort Sumter, and in the extreme distance, close by the angle of the fort, is seen the village upon the site of old Fort Johnson. Charleston bar, at the entrance of the harbor, is about six miles from the city. The width of the inner harbor, at its mouth, is about a mile wide. This is guarded by Forts Moultrie, Sumter, and Johnson, and by Castle Pickney, a handsome work in front of the city, within the inner harbor."—Lossing, 1851

Fort Moultrie

"View at Fort Moultrie. This view is from the southwestern angle of Fort Sullivan, looking toward Jame's…

"Washington's head-quarters. The house occupied by Washington while the army was at White Plains is yet standing. It is a frame building, on the east side of the road, about two miles above the village. This view is from the road, looking northeast. When I last visited it (1851), Miss Jemima Miller, a maiden ninety-three yeras of age, and her sister, a few years her junior, were living therein, the home of their childhood. A chair and table, used by the chief, is carefully preserved by the family, and a register for the names of the numerous visitors is kept. This house was in the deep solitude of the forests, among the hills, when Washington was there; now the heights and the plain near by smile with cultivation."—Lossing, 1851

Washington's Head-Quarters

"Washington's head-quarters. The house occupied by Washington while the army was at White Plains is…

"Place where the British crossed the Bronx. This view is from the southeastern side of the Bronx, a little more than half a mile below the rail-way station at White Plains, looking north. The rail-way bridge is seen on the extreme right. Between that and the barn on the left the British ascended. In the field, seen a little to the left of the telegraph posts, toward the center, and the one on the summit beyond, the hottest of the engagement occurred. The latter is on the land of Mr. Cornelius Horton. In a hollow, near a large hickory-tree, on the southwest side of Chatterton's Hill, are the graves of many of the slain."—Lossing, 1851

Bronx

"Place where the British crossed the Bronx. This view is from the southeastern side of the Bronx, a…

"Flag-staff, Fort Washington. This flag-staff, indicating the center of the fort, is a prominent object to passengers upon the Hudson."—Lossing, 1851

Flag Staff

"Flag-staff, Fort Washington. This flag-staff, indicating the center of the fort, is a prominent object…

"View at Fort Washington. This is a view from the site of the interior works at Fort Washington from the foot of the flag-staff, loking southwest. In the foreground are seen the remains of the embankments. The tall mast seen near the river below is the support for telegraph wires which cross the Hudson there, from the rocky point of Jefrrey's Hook. In the distance across the river are the Palisades, and the mast upon their summit denotes the site of the redoubt north of Fort Lee. This little sketch exhibits the relative position of Forts Washington and Lee."—Lossing, 1851

Fort Washington

"View at Fort Washington. This is a view from the site of the interior works at Fort Washington from…

Leaves small, mostly less than 15cm. long, heart-shaped; flowers white and less than 2.5cm across.

Nymphoides

Leaves small, mostly less than 15cm. long, heart-shaped; flowers white and less than 2.5cm across.

Flowers white; leaf-blade round.

Nymphaea

Flowers white; leaf-blade round.

Stems with a sheath just above attachment point of leaf; flowers individually small, white to pink.

Polygonum

Stems with a sheath just above attachment point of leaf; flowers individually small, white to pink.

Leaves from base of scape bearing evident white flowers in racemes; roots without crss-constrictions.

Sagittaria

Leaves from base of scape bearing evident white flowers in racemes; roots without crss-constrictions.

flowers white in dense button-like heads; leaves bristly-margined.

Eryngium

flowers white in dense button-like heads; leaves bristly-margined.

Flowers white.

Nasturtium

Flowers white.

Plant large, over 5dm tall; flowers large, white, pink, or purplish.

Hibiscus

Plant large, over 5dm tall; flowers large, white, pink, or purplish.

Sheaths around stem above each point of leaf-attachment; flowers white to red, not fragrant.

Polygonum

Sheaths around stem above each point of leaf-attachment; flowers white to red, not fragrant.

Stems with no sheaths; flowers white, fragrant.

Saururus

Stems with no sheaths; flowers white, fragrant.

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

Thalia

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Gratiola

Leaves covered with tiny black dots visible with lens; flowers small, white.

Flowers white, or, if pink, with a yellow or green eye in the center.

Sabatia

Flowers white, or, if pink, with a yellow or green eye in the center.

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

Lycopus

Flowers small, white, gathered in dense, sessile clusters in the axils of the leaves.

"Flag of the Dutch West India Company. When the rights of the company ceased, a new and more powerful company was forced in Holland in 1621, called the West India Company, with full control of New Netherland. It was a trading company like the others, but it was intended also to dispute the Spanish power in America. The Dutch captains, like the English, found a profitable business in capturing Spanish vessels. The West India Company encouraged people to settle on its lands; it explored the North River and the South River, now known as the Delaware; and villages grew up about Fort Orange, and at New Amsterdam, as the Dutch called the settlement on Manhattan Island."—Scudder, 1897

Dutch West India Flag

"Flag of the Dutch West India Company. When the rights of the company ceased, a new and more powerful…

Flowers white or purplish.

Eupatorium

Flowers white or purplish.

Flowers conspicuous, white, 4-petaled.

Neobeckia

Flowers conspicuous, white, 4-petaled.

"…a fleshy fruit containing several large jet-black seeds partly embedded in a white spongy aril.."-Whitney, 1902

Akee fruit

"…a fleshy fruit containing several large jet-black seeds partly embedded in a white spongy aril.."-Whitney,…

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He made a sudden attack upon Harper's Ferry, where there was a United States arsenal, which he seized and held for a few hours. The attack was a direct assault upon slavery. Brown had resolved to carry the war into what he regarded as the enemy's country, and he expected to see the slaves flock to his standard. There were few at the North who knew of his purpose; and the country, North and South, was amazed at the act. John Brown was wounded and taken prisoner; some of his associates were killed, and some were taken with him. He was tried by the State of Virginia, sentenced, and hanged. His action was generally condemned by the people, but many declared him a martyr to freedom, and accused slavery of provoking him to the deed. His act, moreover, deepened the feeling of the South that the North was in a hostile attitiude; and public opinion at the South held the North responsible for Brown's movement."—Scudder, 1897

John Brown

In 1859, John Brown collected a small body of men, white and black, in the mountains of Maryland. He…

"George Armstrong Custer, a brilliant cavalry officer, was born at New Rumley, Ohio, December 5, 1839. He graduated at West Point, in 1861, and at once engaged in active service, being in the Bull Run battle. Throughout the war, it is said he never lost a gun or a flag, and captured more guns, flags and prisoners than any other officer not commanding an army. After the war he served on the frontier, and it was largely his reports of the fertility and mineral wealth of the Black Hills that stimulated the movement of population in that direction."—Scudder, 1897

George Armstrong Custer

"George Armstrong Custer, a brilliant cavalry officer, was born at New Rumley, Ohio, December 5, 1839.…

"The Inquisitor Carabus, <em>C. inquisitor</em>, has the same form and manner as the [Sycophant Carabus]: the body is an inch long, and of a blackish-green color." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Inquisitor Carabus

"The Inquisitor Carabus, C. inquisitor, has the same form and manner as the [Sycophant Carabus]:…

"The Mimas, <em>S. mimas</em>, is a beautiful South American species, of a rich golden-green color." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Mimas

"The Mimas, S. mimas, is a beautiful South American species, of a rich golden-green color."…

"The Giant Buprestis, <em>B. gigantea</em> of guiana, is two inches long, and its body is of a green coppery color. It is so brilliant that inhabitants make bracelets and other ornaments of it." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Giant Buprestis

"The Giant Buprestis, B. gigantea of guiana, is two inches long, and its body is of a green…

"The Popular-tree Golden bug, <em>chrysomela populi</em>, of a blueish-green, has a strong odor, and on being touched discharges a yellow liquid: found in Central Europe." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Leaf Beetle

"The Popular-tree Golden bug, chrysomela populi, of a blueish-green, has a strong odor, and…

"The Sybil Butterfly, <em>P. Sybilla</em>, sometimes called the <em>Mourning Butterfly</em>, is a common European species, flying in the dog-days, the upper part of the wings of a brownish-black, with a white band across the middle; beneath they are of an ashy-blue, with black spots." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sybil Butterfly

"The Sybil Butterfly, P. Sybilla, sometimes called the Mourning Butterfly, is a common…

"The Priam butterfly, <em>Papilio priamus</em>, is a native of the Eastern Archipelago; its wings are from seven to eight inches in extent, and are colored with rich green and deep black." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Priam Butterfly

"The Priam butterfly, Papilio priamus, is a native of the Eastern Archipelago; its wings are…

"The Galatea Butterfly, <em>P. Galatea</em>, A Euoprean species, called <em>The Half-Mourning Butterfly</em>, has the wings slightly denticulated; they are of a brownish-yellow, with the base and extremities black, and spotted with white." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Half-Mourning Butterfly

"The Galatea Butterfly, P. Galatea, A Euoprean species, called The Half-Mourning Butterfly,…

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth, <em>attacus luna</em> a large and beautiful species, common in the Northern United States. The wings, which are drawn out into what appears like a long tail, are of a light yellowish-green color, marked with eye-spots near the middle. The expanse of the wings is four inches. The caterpilar lives on walnut-trees, and spins a cocoon of which silk might be made. Many of these cocoons may be picked up on the ground, in autumn or spring, beneath the trees frequented by these insect." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Chrysalis of the Luna Moth

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth,…

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth, <em>attacus luna</em> a large and beautiful species, common in the Northern United States. The wings, which are drawn out into what appears like a long tail, are of a light yellowish-green color, marked with eye-spots near the middle. The expanse of the wings is four inches. The caterpilar lives on walnut-trees, and spins a cocoon of which silk might be made. Many of these cocoons may be picked up on the ground, in autumn or spring, beneath the trees frequented by these insect." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Luna Moth

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth,…

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth, <em>attacus luna</em> a large and beautiful species, common in the Northern United States. The wings, which are drawn out into what appears like a long tail, are of a light yellowish-green color, marked with eye-spots near the middle. The expanse of the wings is four inches. The caterpilar lives on walnut-trees, and spins a cocoon of which silk might be made. Many of these cocoons may be picked up on the ground, in autumn or spring, beneath the trees frequented by these insect." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Caterpillar of the Luna Moth

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth,…

"The Cecropia Moth, <em>A. Cecropia</em>, is of a dusky reddish-brown; the wings expand six inches, and are handsomely variegated. The caterpillar is of a light green color and is found on various fruit trees." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Cecropia Moth

"The Cecropia Moth, A. Cecropia, is of a dusky reddish-brown; the wings expand six inches,…

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after him; if he makes a circuit, they all make the circuit also. Should they find a branch of fresh green leaves, they immediately prepare to feast upon it; the ranks spread themselves upon it, each one touching his neighbor, so that not a part of the branch escapes their depridations." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Processionary Caterpillars

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after…

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after him; if he makes a circuit, they all make the circuit also. Should they find a branch of fresh green leaves, they immediately prepare to feast upon it; the ranks spread themselves upon it, each one touching his neighbor, so that not a part of the branch escapes their depridations." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Processionary Caterpillars

"If the guide stops a moment all the followers halt; if he continues the route, they all hasten after…

"These animals, often called <em>White Ants</em>, live in vast communities, principally in the hotter regions of the earth, where they do incredible damage by devouring almost every thing that comes in their way." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

White Ants

"These animals, often called White Ants, live in vast communities, principally in the hotter…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit Fruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from the fruit of this tree. The tree is 16 to 18 feet high, a native of tropical America, and much cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, especially in the West India Islands, Central and South America. Its fruit is contained in pointed, oval, ribbed pods 6 to 10 inches long, each inclosing 50 to 100 seeds in a white, sweetish pulp. The term coca is a corruption of cacao, but is more commonly used in commerce: cocoa nuts, however, are obtained from an entirely different tree."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cacao Plant

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from…

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head, neck, bill and feet black, a white patch on the cheek; breeds in the N. of the continent and migrates S. when the frost becomes severe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Canada Goose

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head,…

"The colors in this are variable but brilliant - red, purple, green, and white. It measures from nine to twelve inches across, and feeds ravenously on shell-fish." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common European sea-star

"The colors in this are variable but brilliant - red, purple, green, and white. It measures from nine…

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed, but probably arose in India 5,000 years ago, and thence spread through Persia and Arabia, to Europe and America. The game has undergone many modifications during its diffusion throughout the world, but retains marked traces of its Oriental origin. The game is played by two persons on a board which consists of 64 squares, arranged in 8 rows of 8 squares each, alternately black and white. Each player has two sets of pieces of opposite colors of 16 men each, and of various powers, according to their rank."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Chess Board

"Chess is the most purely intellectual of all games of skill, the origin of which has been much disputed,…

"Conger is a large sea-eel, 5, 6, or, in rare cases, even 10 feet long. Its upper parts are brownish-white, and the lower dirty-white; the lateral line spotted with white, the dorsal and anal fins white margined with black. A smaller species is found in the Mediterranean."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Conger Eel

"Conger is a large sea-eel, 5, 6, or, in rare cases, even 10 feet long. Its upper parts are brownish-white,…

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconid&aelig;. The golden eagle, the white-headed eagle, and the sea eagles are characteristic examples. The white-tailed or sea eagles are absent only in South America."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sea Eagle

"Eagle is a name given to many birds of prey in the family Falconidæ. The golden eagle, the white-headed…

"The Emperor Moth, the general color greyish, with white hairs and purple tinges; wings with a hinder white band. Two white-purplish and dark-brown transverse stripes and an ocellus on each wing. Expansion of wings in the female occasionally three inches, but in the male only two and a half. The caterpillar feeds on the common ling or heath, on the black-thorn, the bramble, etc."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Emperor Moth

"The Emperor Moth, the general color greyish, with white hairs and purple tinges; wings with a hinder…

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently in all parts of the world except South America. A notable species is the white-headed or bald eagle, the emblem of the United States. This erne is common in North America, both by the coasts and by inland lakes, and also occurs in Northern Europe. The general color is brown, but the head and neck of the adults are milky-white, and the same is true of the rounded tail."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Erne

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently…

Spikelets subtended by conspicuous white or partly white bracts.

Dichromena

Spikelets subtended by conspicuous white or partly white bracts.

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"Goshawk, or Goshauk (properly goose-hawk) is a bird of prey. It is brown above, white underneath, barred across with brown, with five browner bands on the tail; the eyelids whitish. When immature it has dots instead of bars. The female is 24 or 25 inches long, the male almost one-third less. It pursues its prey directly, instead of swooping down on it from above like a Falcon."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goshawk

"Goshawk, or Goshauk (properly goose-hawk) is a bird of prey. It is brown above, white underneath, barred…

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the burnets and foresters the tribe Spinghinges. They are insects generally of rapid flight, and fly about in the twilight; Some species also during the day. Their caterpillars are sixteen-legged, flat, smooth, often green, with transverse stripes on the sides and nearly always a horn on the back of the second last segment. One of the most remarkable hawk moths is the Death's-head. It sometimes measures nearly 6 inches across the wings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hawk Moth

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the…

"Heron is the common name of birds of the genus Ardea. The herons are distinguished by having a long bill cleft beneath the eyes, a compressed body, long slender legs naked above the tarsal joint, three toes in front, the two outer united by a membrane, and by moderate wings. The tail is short, rounded, and composed of 10 or 12 feathers. The common heron is about three feet in length from the point of the bill to the end of the tail, builds its nest in high trees, many being sometimes on one tree. Its food consists of fish, frogs, mollusks, mice, moles, and similar small animals. It has an insatiable voracity, and digests its food with great rapidity. It haunts fresh water streams, marshes, ponds, and lakes, as also the seashore."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Heron

"Heron is the common name of birds of the genus Ardea. The herons are distinguished by having a long…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves, white flowers, and erect prickly capsules, a native of the East Indies, but now often met with in North America. A variety with pale violet flowers and purplish violet stem is frequently cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Thorn Apple Bud

"Thorn Apple is a genus of plants. The common thorn apple is an annual plant, with smooth stem and leaves,…

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all natives of tropical America, and are easily distinguished by their enormous bill, irregularly toothed along the margin of the mandibles. In the true toucans the ground color of the plumage is generally black; the throat, breast, and rump adorned with white, yellow, and red; the body is short and thick; tail rounded or even, varying in length in the different species, and capable of being turned up over the back when the bird goes to roost."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Toucan

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all…

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers. In winter the turnstone is found on the seashore all over the world, being probably the most cosmopolitan of all birds. It derives its name from its habit of turning over stones with its bill in search of its food, which consists of small crustaceans and mollusks. The common turnstone is nine inches in length, and is handsomely marked with black, white, and chestnut; the last-named color is reduced in autumn, when the plumage becomes duller; the legs and feet are orange."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Turnstone

"Turnstone is a small genus of birds of the plover family, intermediate between the true plovers and…

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniid&aelig;. They may be distinguished by their long, compressed, fin-shaped, non-retractile feet, with the toes inclosed in a common skin, from which only one or two claws project. The carapace is broad and much depressed, so that when these animals are on shore, and are turned over on their backs, they cannot regain the natural position. Turtles are marine animals; their pinnate feet and light shell render them excellent swimmers. They sometimes live at a great distance from land, to which they periodically return to deposit their soft-shelled eggs in the sand."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Skeleton of Turtle

"Turtle is, in zoology, the popular name for any species of the Cheloniidæ. They may be distinguished…