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Seal of East Jersey

East Jersey

Seal of East Jersey

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

Carolina

Seal of the proprietors of Carolina.

"Tiara or Tiaras, a hat with a large high crown. This was the head-dress which characterized the north-western Asiatics, and more especially the Armenians, Parthians, and Persians, as distinguished from the Greeks and Romans, whose hats fitted the head, or had only a low crown. The king of Persia wore an erect tiara, whilst those of his subjects were soft and flexible, falling on one side. The Persian name for this regal head-dress was cidaris. " &mdash Smith; 1873

Tiara

"Tiara or Tiaras, a hat with a large high crown. This was the head-dress which characterized the north-western…

Otto von Bismarck was the Duke of Lauenburg, Prime Minister of Prussia, and Chancellor of the North German Confederation and of the German Empire.

Prince Bismarck

Otto von Bismarck was the Duke of Lauenburg, Prime Minister of Prussia, and Chancellor of the North…

Democratic U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 1872.

Matt W. Ransom

Democratic U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 1872.

"The position of the true meridian may be found as follows: Point the hour hand of a watch towards the sun; the line joining the pivot and the point midway between the hour hand and XIII on the dial will point towards the south; that is to say if the observer stands so as to face the sun and the XII on the dial, he will be looking south. To point the hour hand exactly at the sun, stick a pin and bring the hour hand into the shadow. At night a line drawn toward the north star from the observer's position is approximately a true meridian." — Moss, 1914

True meridian

"The position of the true meridian may be found as follows: Point the hour hand of a watch towards the…

Hero of the Civil War and Governor of North Carolina.

Hon. Zebulon B. Vance

Hero of the Civil War and Governor of North Carolina.

"A Cylinder Seal" — Morey, 1903

Cylinder Seal

"A Cylinder Seal" — Morey, 1903

"In the eleventh century, the Anglo-Saxons, originally the fiercest nation of the North of Europe, had become changed into a submissive and unwarlike people by the combine influences of luxury, a great landed aristocracy, and a richly endowed hierarchy." — Goodrich, 1844

Saxons

"In the eleventh century, the Anglo-Saxons, originally the fiercest nation of the North of Europe, had…

A singing-bird of North America remarkable for its exact imitations of the notes of other birds.

Mockingbird

A singing-bird of North America remarkable for its exact imitations of the notes of other birds.

A instrument used for navigation. The needle is magnetic and always points to the north pole.

Compass

A instrument used for navigation. The needle is magnetic and always points to the north pole.

"Bring the two ends of the wire into contact, and thus close the circuit. The needle instantly flies around as though it was trying to place itself at right angles to the wire. Break the circuit, and the needle swings back to its north and south position. Twist the wires together, and bend the conductor into a loop so that the current passes above the needle in one direction and beneath the needle in the other direction. The deflection of the needle will be greater than before." — Avery, 1895

Needle, compass

"Bring the two ends of the wire into contact, and thus close the circuit. The needle instantly flies…

A pair of opposite poles attracting, the magnetic force shown by iron filings.

Attractive poles

A pair of opposite poles attracting, the magnetic force shown by iron filings.

A pair of similar magnetic poles repelling, the magnetic forces shown by iron filings.

Repelling poles

A pair of similar magnetic poles repelling, the magnetic forces shown by iron filings.

"The polarity of the solenoidal magnet may be determined by holding it in the right hand so that the fingers point in the direction of the current; then the extended thumb will point toward the marked or north-seeking pole of the magnet." — Avery, 1895

Solenoidal magnet

"The polarity of the solenoidal magnet may be determined by holding it in the right hand so that the…

A hand holding a bar magnet.

Hand with magnet

A hand holding a bar magnet.

The constellation, with the north star also shown.

The Dipper

The constellation, with the north star also shown.

A carolina parakeet perched on a branch.

Carolina Parakeet

A carolina parakeet perched on a branch.

"Many species of the kingfisher family are found in various parts of the world. The belted kingfisher is peculiar to North America, and is a larger bird than the kingfisher of Great Britain, being fully twelve inches in length, but inferior in brilliancy of plumage." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Belted Kingfisher

"Many species of the kingfisher family are found in various parts of the world. The belted kingfisher…

A very venomous snake found in the warmer parts of North America.

Serpent

A very venomous snake found in the warmer parts of North America.

In the United States, a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th century Dutch colony of New Netherland in North America. Through the Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions of 1629, the Dutch West India Company first started to grant this title and land to some of its invested members. The deeded tracts were called patroonships and could span 16 miles in length on one side of a major river, or 8 miles if spanning both sides. After the English takeover of New Netherland in 1664, the system continued with the granting of large tracts known as manors, and sometimes referred to as patroonships.

A Dutch Patroon

In the United States, a patroon was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the…

A small passerine bird that breeds across most of Europe and Asia, as well as the mountains of north Africa.

Skylark

A small passerine bird that breeds across most of Europe and Asia, as well as the mountains of north…

Monarch of mountains of north cape.

Mountains

Monarch of mountains of north cape.

The buffalo from North America.

Buffalo

The buffalo from North America.

A Rocky Mountain sheep from North America.

Sheep

A Rocky Mountain sheep from North America.

A species of sea-fish found in the northern seas as far north as Iceland. It is allied to the cod family. The body measures from three to four feet in length, has grayish sides and back, and the head is flat. The ling is very valuable as an article of commerce.

Ling

A species of sea-fish found in the northern seas as far north as Iceland. It is allied to the cod family.…

A genus of birds native to tropical South America, remarkable for their size and beauty of their plumage. They range as far north as Mexico.

Macaw

A genus of birds native to tropical South America, remarkable for their size and beauty of their plumage.…

An excellent food fish, widely distributed, and particularly abundant in the North Atlantic. It attains a length of from twelve to eighteen inches, weighing about two pounds.

Mackerel

An excellent food fish, widely distributed, and particularly abundant in the North Atlantic. It attains…

A genus of ornamental shrubs and trees, native to North America, China, India, Japan, and other portions of Eurasia. There are many species noted for their great beauty, handsome flowers, and evergreen or deciduous leaves.

Magnolia

A genus of ornamental shrubs and trees, native to North America, China, India, Japan, and other portions…

The Russian name of the large extinct elephant closely resembling the Indian elephant, and of which fossil remains have been found in the northern part of North America and Eurasia.

Mammoth

The Russian name of the large extinct elephant closely resembling the Indian elephant, and of which…

A class of trees belonging to the genus acer, containing about eighty species, all of which are confined to the north temperate zone.

Maple

A class of trees belonging to the genus acer, containing about eighty species, all of which are confined…

Native to North America and Eurasia. The best known species of North America are the prairie marmot or prairie dog, which occurs in large families on the western plains.

Marmot

Native to North America and Eurasia. The best known species of North America are the prairie marmot…

A bird of North america, and common in the United States as far south as the Mexican boundary.

Meadowlark

A bird of North america, and common in the United States as far south as the Mexican boundary.

A fish found in abundance off the Atlantic coast of North America, and often called whitefish, hardhead, and bony fish.

Menhaden

A fish found in abundance off the Atlantic coast of North America, and often called whitefish, hardhead,…

Mount Builders, the name applied to a prehistoric race of North America, of which remarkable remains have been found in various portions of the continent, especially in the Mississippi valley, the state of Washington, and in Yucatan.

Mound Builders

Mount Builders, the name applied to a prehistoric race of North America, of which remarkable remains…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather, the boquet, and the flame. There is a vast difference of opinion as to the origin and meaning of this motif. Some authorities claim it was intended for the fir cone, which served as an emblem of immortality and was revered by the ancients; some say it was intended for the palm leaf, which has been handed down by the Greeks as a symbol of victory; others say it was intended to represent a loop which the river Indus makes on a vast plain in upper Cashmere as seen from the Mosque. By some it is said to represent the crown jewels or chief ornament in the old Iranian crown, which is a composite jewel of pear shape. Tradition tells us that the signing of documents in such a manner was a custom well known in the East. This design has also been called the almond, the feather, the bouquet, and the flame on account of its fancied resemblance to these objects. We have selected the name "pear" because the image it conveys is more clearly recognized by the western mind. It is that which its shape most suggests. The Pear design is common in many kinds of rugs, especially in those of Persia and Kurdistan, but it varies greatly in varieties of form and size. The large size is usually employed in the Caucasus and Southern Persia, while the small size is used more frequently in Central and Western Persia. In the Saraband, Shiraz, Herat, Khorasan, and Senna, it frequently covers the whole field. In the two former alternate rows usually have the stems of the pears turned in opposite directions, while in the three latter the stems are usually turned in the same direction."

Pear Design

"Also known as the cone, the palm leaf, the river loop, the crown jewel, the seal, the almond, the feather,…

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish and Caucasian fabrics and to it scores of patterns may be traced.

Solomon's Seal

Built on the right angle triangle and, like the Signet of David, it is found in many of the Turkish…

A bird found extensively in North America, belonging to the family of goatsuckers. It is a value for its destruction of large insects and beetles, upon which it feeds.

Night Hawk

A bird found extensively in North America, belonging to the family of goatsuckers. It is a value for…

A name applied to the inhabitants of the coast regions of Scandinavia and North Germany, who were noted in the Middle Ages for their skill in navigating the sea.

Norsemen

A name applied to the inhabitants of the coast regions of Scandinavia and North Germany, who were noted…

A genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in the temperate zones of all the continents, but most abundant in North America. They are not common to the tropical regions of South America, Africa, or Australia.

Oak

A genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in the temperate zones of all the continents, but most…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

A tree of the nettle family, so named from the Osage Mountains of Arkansas, where it is native, but it is also found in other regions of North America. The leaves are flossy and alternate, and it bears a fruit somewhat resembling an orange in size and color, but it is not edible.

Osage Orange

A tree of the nettle family, so named from the Osage Mountains of Arkansas, where it is native, but…

An American explorer who is usually credited as the first person, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole.

Robert Peary

An American explorer who is usually credited as the first person, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic…

A genus of animals allied to the swine, and found extensively in South America and the southern parts of North America. There are two well known species, the white-lipped

Peccary

A genus of animals allied to the swine, and found extensively in South America and the southern parts…

A genus of lice classed with the aphidae, which feed as parasites on different kinds of plants. The most notd species is an injurious pest to the vine. This form is native to North America, where it was first observed in 1854.

Phylloxera

A genus of lice classed with the aphidae, which feed as parasites on different kinds of plants. The…

The eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. Polk was born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, but mostly lived in and represented state of Tennessee.

James Polk

The eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 3, 1849. Polk was born…

A genus of deciduous trees, widely distributed in the north temperate zone, particularly in the temperate parts of North America and Eurasia.

Poplar

A genus of deciduous trees, widely distributed in the north temperate zone, particularly in the temperate…

A sea mammal of the dolphin family, found extensively off the coasts of North America and Europe and in the Arctic regions.

Porpoise

A sea mammal of the dolphin family, found extensively off the coasts of North America and Europe and…

The common name of plants of the genus rosa. They have prickly stems and unequally pinnate leaves. About fifty species in a wild state have been described, most of which are confined to the north temperate zone.

Rose

The common name of plants of the genus rosa. They have prickly stems and unequally pinnate leaves. About…

A genus of wading birds allied to the sandpiper. They are found widely distributed in the northern parts of North America and Eurasia. They inhabit marshey places, and are migratory in their habits.

Ruff

A genus of wading birds allied to the sandpiper. They are found widely distributed in the northern parts…

The common name of a class of food fishes belonging to the genus salmo. They are common to both salt fresh waters, and are particularly abundant in the North Atlantic. There are a number of well-known species, all of which are among the most important marketable fishes, but those of the North Atlantic are most widely distributed, ranging north of New york in North America and north of Spain in Europe.

Salmon

The common name of a class of food fishes belonging to the genus salmo. They are common to both salt…

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being able to live both in and out of water.

Seal

The general name of certain genera of carnivorous mammals, havin feet adapted for swimming, and being…

A genus of quadrupeds of the weasel family, which are native to North America. They are about the size of a large cat.

Skunk

A genus of quadrupeds of the weasel family, which are native to North America. They are about the size…