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An illustration of a single dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There at least 36 species of Dahlia. Dahlia hybrids are commonly grown as garden plants. The Aztecs gathered and cultivated the dahlia for food, ceremony, as well as decorative purposes, and the long woody stem of one variety was used for small pipes

Dahlia

An illustration of a single dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants native…

An illustration of a double variety dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants native to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. There at least 36 species of Dahlia. Dahlia hybrids are commonly grown as garden plants. The Aztecs gathered and cultivated the dahlia for food, ceremony, as well as decorative purposes, and the long woody stem of one variety was used for small pipes

Dahlia

An illustration of a double variety dahlia flower. Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, perennial plants…

Part of a tracheal stem and branches of an insect. Labels: Z, cellular outer wall; SP, cuticular inner wall with spiral fiber.

Tracheal Stem and Branches

Part of a tracheal stem and branches of an insect. Labels: Z, cellular outer wall; SP, cuticular inner…

Tracheal system of a fly larva. Labels: Tr, longitudinal stem of right side; St', St", anterior and posterior stigmata.

Tracheal System of Fly Larva

Tracheal system of a fly larva. Labels: Tr, longitudinal stem of right side; St', St", anterior and…

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit." -Whitney, 1911

Bulrush

"1. Flowering plant of Bulrush (Scirpus lacustris). 2. The inflorescence. a, a flower; b, the fruit."…

Elecampane, also called Horse-heal (Inula helenium) or Marchalan (in Welsh), is a perennial composite plant common in many parts of Great Britain, and ranges throughout central and Southern Europe, and in Asia as far eastwards as the Himalayas. It is a rather rigid herb, the stem of which attains a height of from 3 to 5 feet; the leaves are large and toothed, the lower ones stalked, the rest embracing the stem; the flowers are yellow, 2 inches broad, and have many rays, each three-notched at the extremity. The root is thick, branching and mucilaginous, and has a warm, bitter taste and a camphoraceous odor.

Elecampane

Elecampane, also called Horse-heal (Inula helenium) or Marchalan (in Welsh), is a perennial composite…

Euphorbia lathyris (Caper Spurge or Paper Spurge) is a species of spurge native to southern Europe (France, Italy, Greece, and possibly southern England), northwest Africa, and eastward through southwest Asia to western China. Other names occasionally used include Gopher Spurge, Gopher Plant or Mole Plant. It is an erect biennial (occasionally annual) plant growing up to 1.5 m tall, with a glaucous blue-green stem. The leaves are arranged in decussate opposite pairs, and are lanceolate, 5-15 cm long and 1-2.5 cm broad, glaucous blue-green with a waxy texture and pale greenish-white midrib and veins. The flowers are green to yellow-green, 4 mm diameter, with no petals. The seeds are green ripening brown or grey, produced in globular clusters 13-17 mm diameter of three seeds compressed together.

Caper Spurge

Euphorbia lathyris (Caper Spurge or Paper Spurge) is a species of spurge native to southern Europe (France,…

Madder is the common name of the plant genus Rubia, the type genus of the madder family Rubiaceae. The genus contains about 60 species of perennial scrambling or climbing herbs and sub-shrubs native to the Old World, Africa, temperate Asia and America. The best known species are Common Madder (Rubia tinctorum), Wild Madder (Rubia peregrina), and Indian Madder (Rubia cordifolia). The Common Madder can grow to 1.5 m in height. The evergreen leaves are 5-10 cm long and 2-3 cm broad, produced in whorls of 4-7 starlike around the central stem. It climbs with tiny hooks at the leaves and stems. The flowers are small (3-5 mm across), with five pale yellow petals, in dense racemes, and appear from June to August, followed by small (4-6 mm diameter) red to black berries. The roots can be over a metre long, up to 12 mm thick and the source of a red dye known as rose madder. It prefers loamy soils with a constant level of moisture. Madders are used as food plants for the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Hummingbird hawk moth.

Madder

Madder is the common name of the plant genus Rubia, the type genus of the madder family Rubiaceae. The…

Cirsium arvense is a species of Cirsium, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced elsewhere. The standard English name in its native area is Creeping Thistle. It is a tall herbaceous perennial plant, forming extensive clonal colonies from an underground root system that sends up numerous erect stems each spring, reaching 1–1.2 m tall (occasionally more); the stems often lie partly flat by summer but can stay erect if supported by other vegetation. The leaves are very spiny, lobed, up to 15–20 cm long and 2–3 cm broad (smaller on the upper part of the flower stem). The inflorescence is 10–22 mm diameter, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form (no division into disc and ray florets). The flowers are usually dioecious, but not invariably so, with some plants bearing hermaphrodite flowers. The seeds are 4–5 mm long, with a feathery pappus which assists in wind dispersal.

Canada Thistle

Cirsium arvense is a species of Cirsium, native throughout Europe and northern Asia, and widely introduced…

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to 150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers which bloom in July. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.

Safflower

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with…

Northern Water Hemlock is a species of Cicuta, native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia and northwestern North America. It is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows up to 1–2 m tall. The stems are smooth, branching, swollen at the base, purple-striped, and hollow except for partitions at the junction of the leaves and stem. In cross section the stems have one flat side and the other sides are rounded. The leaves are alternate, tripinnate, only coarsely toothed, unlike the ferny, lacy leaves found in many other members of the family Apiaceae. The flowers are small, white and clustered in umbrella shaped inflorescences typical of the family. The many flowered umbellets have unequal pedicels that range from 5 to 11 cm long during fruiting. An oily, yellow liquid oozes from cuts to the stems and roots.

Northern Water Hemlock

Northern Water Hemlock is a species of Cicuta, native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia…

An illustration of vine foliage and inflorescence. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

Vine

An illustration of vine foliage and inflorescence. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers…

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla; c, a leaf; d, a bract from the inflorescence." -Whitney, 1911

Self-Heal

"Self-heal. (Prunella vulgaris). The upper part of the stem with flowers. a, the calyx; b, the corolla;…

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

American Linden Leaf

"Serrate leaf of American Linden (Tilia americana)." -Whitney, 1911

An illustrative view of the dissection of he renal organs of a chiton. "F, foot; L, Edge of the mantle not removed in the front part of the specimen; s.o., Oesophagus; af, anus; gg, Genital duct; go, External opening of the same; eg, Stem of the nephridium leading to no, its external aperture; nk, reflected portion of the nephridial stem; ng, Fine caeca of the nephridium, which are seen ramifying transversely over the whole inner surface of the pedal muscular mass." -Britannica, 1910

Dissection of the Renal Organs of a Chiton

An illustrative view of the dissection of he renal organs of a chiton. "F, foot; L, Edge of the mantle…

Rusts are fungi in the Uredinales order that are plant parasites and resemble rust. "Ravenelia. a, stem of Cassia nictitans with teleutospores on the stem and uredospores on the leaves; b, stem and teleutospores enlarged; c, section showing the teleutospores."

Rust Fungus

Rusts are fungi in the Uredinales order that are plant parasites and resemble rust. "Ravenelia. a, stem…

Lamium album (White Deadnettle) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe and western Asia, growing in a variety of habitats from open grassland to woodland, generally on moist, fertile soils. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 50-100 cm tall, with green, four-angled stems. The leaves are 3-8 cm long and 2-5 cm broad, triangular with a rounded base, softly hairy, and with a serrated margin and a petiole up to 5 cm long; they appear superficially similar to those of the Stinging nettle Urtica dioica but do not sting, hence the common name "dead nettle". The flowers are white, produced in whorls ('verticillasters') on the upper part of the stem, the individual flowers 1.5-2.5 cm long

Lamium Album

Lamium album (White Deadnettle) is a flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native throughout Europe…

An illustration of: 1, Coralla cut open showing the four stamens; 2, Unripe fruit (lengthwise); 3, ripe capsule split open; and the foxglove plant. Digitalis is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and biennials that are commonly called foxgloves. The genus was traditionally placed in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae, but upon review of phylogenetic research, it has now been placed in the much enlarged family Plantaginaceae. The genus is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa. The scientific name means "finger-like" and refers to the ease with which a flower of Digitalis purpurea can be fitted over a human fingertip. The flowers are produced on a tall spike, are tubular, and vary in colour with species, from purple to pink, white, and yellow. The best-known species is the Common Foxglove, Digitalis purpurea. It is a biennial, often grown as an ornamental plant due to its showy flowers, that range in colour from purples through to whites, with variable marks and spotting. The first year of growth produces only the long, basal leaves. In the second year, the erect leafy stem 0.5-2.5 m tall develops.

Foxglove

An illustration of: 1, Coralla cut open showing the four stamens; 2, Unripe fruit (lengthwise); 3, ripe…

A nauplius (plural nauplii) is the first larva of animals classified as crustaceans (subphylum of Arthropoda). It consists of a head and a telson. The thorax and abdomen, characteristic of adult crustaceans, have not developed yet. A prominent characteristic of nauplii is that they have only one compound eye, which will divide in two in later stages. Nauplii have three pairs of cephalic appendages with which they swim; in the adult these become the antennules, the antennae, and the mandibles. The name nauplii properly refers to crustacean larvae that use appendages that stem from the head (antennules and antennae) as their main means of swimming.

Nauplius of a Prawn

A nauplius (plural nauplii) is the first larva of animals classified as crustaceans (subphylum of Arthropoda).…

The Squirting or Exploding Cucumber (Ecballium elaterium) is a cucumber plant named for squirting a stream of liquid containing its seeds.

Squirting Cucumber

The Squirting or Exploding Cucumber (Ecballium elaterium) is a cucumber plant named for squirting a…

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water. A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright. The liquid to be tested is poured into a tall jar, and the hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely. The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the hydrometer is noted. Hydrometers usually contain a paper scale inside the stem, so that the specific gravity can be read directly.

Common Hydrometer

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids;…

"Flowering Branch of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia). a, fruit; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

Oleaster

"Flowering Branch of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia). a, fruit; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

The Elecampane (Inula helenium) is a flowering plant in the Asteraceae family of daisies.

elecampane

The Elecampane (Inula helenium) is a flowering plant in the Asteraceae family of daisies.

An illustration of the inflorescence of the carrot plant. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Strictly, it is the part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed and which is accordingly modified.

Carrot Flower

An illustration of the inflorescence of the carrot plant. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of…

An illustration of the inflorescence of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious, is a species in the genus Knautia. It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowered head is flatter than similar species Devils bit scabious and Small Scabious. There are 4 stamens in each flower, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5-6mm in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. There are no stipules. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller.

Inflorescence of Field Scabious

An illustration of the inflorescence of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field…

An illustration of the young inflorescence of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious, is a species in the genus Knautia. It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowered head is flatter than similar species Devils bit scabious and Small Scabious. There are 4 stamens in each flower, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5-6mm in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. There are no stipules. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller.

Young Inflorescence of Field Scabious

An illustration of the young inflorescence of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as…

An illustration of a ray-floret of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious, is a species in the genus Knautia. It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowered head is flatter than similar species Devils bit scabious and Small Scabious. There are 4 stamens in each flower, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5-6mm in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. There are no stipules. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller.

Ray-floret of Field Scabious

An illustration of a ray-floret of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious,…

An illustration of a ray-floret of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious, is a species in the genus Knautia. It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowered head is flatter than similar species Devils bit scabious and Small Scabious. There are 4 stamens in each flower, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5-6mm in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. There are no stipules. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller.

Ray-floret of Field Scabious

An illustration of a ray-floret of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious,…

An illustration of the seed of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious, is a species in the genus Knautia. It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowered head is flatter than similar species Devils bit scabious and Small Scabious. There are 4 stamens in each flower, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5-6mm in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. There are no stipules. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300mm long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller.

Seed of Field Scabious

An illustration of the seed of the field scabious. Knautia arvensis, commonly known as Field Scabious,…

An illustration of a disk-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters. Though of late the genus has been reviewed and split up, it still contains a vast number of species (about 1,500) of extremely wide form including leaf succulents, stem and tuber succulents, annuals, perennials, aquatic forms, climbers, shrubs and small trees. Some species produce natural pesticides (especially alkaloids) to deter or even kill animals that would eat them.

Disk-floret of the Senecio

An illustration of a disk-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae)…

An longitudinal section view of a disk-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters. Though of late the genus has been reviewed and split up, it still contains a vast number of species (about 1,500) of extremely wide form including leaf succulents, stem and tuber succulents, annuals, perennials, aquatic forms, climbers, shrubs and small trees. Some species produce natural pesticides (especially alkaloids) to deter or even kill animals that would eat them.

Disk-floret of the Senecio (Longitudinal Section)

An longitudinal section view of a disk-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy…

An illustration of a ray-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters. Though of late the genus has been reviewed and split up, it still contains a vast number of species (about 1,500) of extremely wide form including leaf succulents, stem and tuber succulents, annuals, perennials, aquatic forms, climbers, shrubs and small trees. Some species produce natural pesticides (especially alkaloids) to deter or even kill animals that would eat them.

Female ray-floret of the Senecio

An illustration of a ray-floret of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae)…

An illustration of the gynaeceum of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters. Though of late the genus has been reviewed and split up, it still contains a vast number of species (about 1,500) of extremely wide form including leaf succulents, stem and tuber succulents, annuals, perennials, aquatic forms, climbers, shrubs and small trees. Some species produce natural pesticides (especially alkaloids) to deter or even kill animals that would eat them.

Gynaeceum of the Senecio

An illustration of the gynaeceum of the senecio flower. Senecio is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae)…

Lilium martagon (Martagon or Turk's cap lily) is a species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from central Europe east through northern Asia to Mongolia and Korea. Several subspecies have been named. The plant is stem-rooting, growing between 1 m and 2 m tall. The flower colour is typically a pink-purple, with dark spots, but is quite variable, extending from near white to near black. The flowers are scented. Numerous flowers are borne on each plant, and up to 50 can be found on vigorous plants.

Turk's Cap Lily

Lilium martagon (Martagon or Turk's cap lily) is a species of lily. It has a widespread native region…

"Encrinite: head and piece of stem. Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form with a cylindrical stem and well-formed arms." -Whitney, 1911

Encrinite

"Encrinite: head and piece of stem. Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the…

"Encrinite: Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form with a cylindrical stem and well-formed arms. a, a, parts of the stem; b, b, separate joints." -Whitney, 1911

Encrinite

"Encrinite: Any fossil crinoid; a stone-lily: a term especially applied to the ordinary stalked form…

Section of the stem from a palm tree, showing how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "1. Section of the stem of a palm: e, e, remains of leaf-stalks; f, bundles of woody fiber." -Whitney, 1911

Palm Stem

Section of the stem from a palm tree, showing how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "1. Section…

The image shows how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "Endogenous leaf, showing its parallel veins." -Whitney, 1911

Endogenous Leaf

The image shows how endogens grow threw elongation internally. "Endogenous leaf, showing its parallel…

An illustration of liverwort (Hepatica): a, Thalloid stem with female branches; b, Thalloid stem with male branches. Hepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants belonging to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. A native of central and northern Europe, Asia and northeastern North America, Hepatica is sometimes called liverleaf or "liverwort". It should not be confused with liverworts, which may also be called "Hepaticae". A few botanists include Hepatica within a wider interpretation of Anemone, as Anemone hepatica.

Hepatica

An illustration of liverwort (Hepatica): a, Thalloid stem with female branches; b, Thalloid stem with…

"Esparto-Grasses. 1, 4, stalk and fruit of Macrochloa tenacissima. 2, 3, 5, stalk, flowering stem, and fruit of Lygeum Spartum." -Whitney, 1911

Esparto Grass

"Esparto-Grasses. 1, 4, stalk and fruit of Macrochloa tenacissima. 2, 3, 5, stalk, flowering stem, and…

The Resin Spurge (Euphorbia resinifera) is a flowering plant that superficially resembles a cactus. "Top of Stem of Euphorbia resinifera. a, involucre with inclosed flowers; b, section of same." -Whitney, 1911

Resin Spurge

The Resin Spurge (Euphorbia resinifera) is a flowering plant that superficially resembles a cactus.…

Extrorse or outward facing stamens of the flower of Hippocratea, a genus of staff vine.

Extrorse Stamens of Flower of Staff Vine

Extrorse or outward facing stamens of the flower of Hippocratea, a genus of staff vine.

The image shows a fascicle (bundle or cluster) of flowers of a mallow plant (Malvaceae).

Fascicle of Mallow Flowers

The image shows a fascicle (bundle or cluster) of flowers of a mallow plant (Malvaceae).

"Filoplume. In ornithology, a thread-feather; a thread-like or hair-like feather, with a very slender stem, lacking webs in most or all of its length." -Whitney, 1911

Filoplume of a Goose

"Filoplume. In ornithology, a thread-feather; a thread-like or hair-like feather, with a very slender…

"In botany, a runner; a weak, creeping shoot sent out from the bottom of the stem, and rooting and forming new plants at the nodes, as in the strawberry." -Whitney, 1911

Strawberry Flagellum

"In botany, a runner; a weak, creeping shoot sent out from the bottom of the stem, and rooting and forming…

"Diagram of Ship's Bow. B, bowsprit; F, forecastle; F', forecastle-deck; L, lower deck; M, main deck or spar-deck; S, stem." -Whitney, 1911

Diagram of Ship's Bow

"Diagram of Ship's Bow. B, bowsprit; F, forecastle; F', forecastle-deck; L, lower deck; M, main deck…

An illustration of a bunch of cherries on the stem.

Cherries

An illustration of a bunch of cherries on the stem.

Spear grass is a herbaceous grass often troublesome in gravel walks and on hard, dry soils. The general appearance of plants is often modified by climate, soil, and modes of cultivation. In this magnified pistil, we see the nectary, composed of one or two fleshy scales, and the germ, ovary, or seed-bearing portion of the pistil. The stamens seen in the same figure, consisting each of a bag filled with a fine powder or pollen, supported upon a stalk or filament which is analogous to the stalk or stem of a leaft. The bag hold the pollen, called the anther.

Annual Spear Grass

Spear grass is a herbaceous grass often troublesome in gravel walks and on hard, dry soils. The general…

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling sheaths. The spikes are cylindrical and obtuse. The awn is twisted and twice the length of the blossom. It has only one palea. The spike or head of the Meadow Foxtail is soft. There are few light stems and leaves. It thrives best in rich, moist strong soil.

Meadow Foxtail Grass

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling…

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling sheaths. The spikes are cylindrical and obtuse. The awn is twisted and twice the length of the blossom. It has only one palea. The spike or head of the Meadow Foxtail is soft. There are few light stems and leaves. It thrives best in rich, moist strong soil, and flowers from late spring to early summer.

Meadow Foxtail Grass

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling…

The Slender Foxtail (Alopecurus agretis) is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle, larger spikelets and ligule, and the roughness of the stem and leaves.

Slender Foxtail Grass

The Slender Foxtail (Alopecurus agretis) is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle,…

The Slender Foxtail (Alopecurus agretis) is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle, larger spikelets and ligule, and the roughness of the stem and leaves. It flowers in July and is of no agricultural value.

Slender Foxtail Grass

The Slender Foxtail (Alopecurus agretis) is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle,…

The Slender Foxtail is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle, larger spikelets and ligule, and the roughness of the stem and leaves. It flowers in July and is of no agricultural value.

Slender Foxtail Grass

The Slender Foxtail is distinguished from the meadow foxtail by its slender panicle, larger spikelets…

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower joints. It has linear anthers and its upper leaf is as long as its sheath. The root is perennial and fibrous. Joints are smooth, long, and narrow, of a purple tinge. The leaves are flat, sharp, roughish on both sides and serrated on the edge. The Floating Foxtail is found in moist meadows, ditches, ponds, and slow streams, floating on the water.

Floating Foxtail Grass

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower…

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower joints. It has linear anthers and its upper leaf is as long as its sheath. The root is perennial and fibrous. Joints are smooth, long, and narrow, of a purple tinge. The leaves are flat, sharp, roughish on both sides and serrated on the edge. The Floating Foxtail is found in moist meadows, ditches, ponds, and slow streams, floating on the water. The floret of one palea, awn slender is shown here.

Floating Foxtail Grass

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower…

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) also called Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem is erect and about three feet high. When found in good soil it has been known to grow over five feet high. The leaves are linear, flat, dark-green and rough on both surfaces, which, with the fancied resemblance of its clusters to the foot of a barnyard fowl, gives it the common name in England of rough cock's foot.

Orchard Grass

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) also called Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem…

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata), also known as Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem is erect and about three feet high. When found in good soil it has been known to grow over five feet high. The leaves are linear, flat, dark-green and rough on both surfaces, which, with the fancied resemblance of its clusters to the foot of a barnyard fowl, gives it the common name in England of rough cock's foot. The magnified spikelet is shown here

Orchard Grass

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata), also known as Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high. Here we see the root stalk.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high. Here we see a magnified spikelet.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…