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"We see here a towering cliff belonging to a mountainous range which rises like a wall, or barrier, between the neighboring portions of the same country. The inhabitants desire very much to have a free communication with each other, but there is a mountain barrier which it is extremely difficult to get over, or around; they, therefore, determine to go through it. The human will brings to its aid the powerful elements of fire and water. Gunpowder and the steam-engine work wonders - they force a way through the solid rock. The iron railway is made, and the traveler, instead of toiling through long tedious hours over a mountain pathway, in a few moments, while in an easy chair, finds himself on the other side."—Barber, 1857

Where there is a Will, there is a Way

"We see here a towering cliff belonging to a mountainous range which rises like a wall, or barrier,…

"The workmen all their master will obey, / They plane and saw, and dare not stop to play; / Each boy and man the master keeps in view, / His eye does more than both his hands can do."—barber, 1857

The Eye of the Master Does More Work than Both His Hands

"The workmen all their master will obey, / They plane and saw, and dare not stop to play; / Each boy…

"Not when the Sun of Fortune o'er us shines, / And flattery's tongue, with honeyed words, beguiles, / Then friends are plenty, smiles are easy bought, / And gifts, praise, kindly offers, come unsought, / And then our friends we prove, the trial hour / Comes when the Storm comes, with its chilling power. / The false ones, like the birds of summer, fly / 'At the stern touch of could Adversity.' / But those who seek us in our hour of need, / With nought to gain, are truly friends indeed; / Not like the priest, still passing in his pride, / With the cold Levite, on the other side, / But he, the good Samaritan, whose care / Shall heal our wounds, our heavy burdens share, / Who sees, with tearful eyes, the orphan's grief, / And gives the lonely widow sweet relief, / Such is the friend indeed, in our distress, / Would there were more Life's rugged path to bless!"—Barber, 1857

A Friend in Need, is a Friend Indeed

"Not when the Sun of Fortune o'er us shines, / And flattery's tongue, with honeyed words, beguiles,…

"See here's a man who is quite generous found, / His sunshine friends are gathered thick around, / From many parts they come, both far and near, / He fully feasts with them all with much good cheer; / To all who call, he makes himself their friend, / With feelings kind, he doth his money lend: / They eat him up - when some help he's wishing, / His numerous friends are fond among the missing."—Barber, 1857

He Makes Himself Sugar, the Flies Eat Him Up

"See here's a man who is quite generous found, / His sunshine friends are gathered thick around, / From…

"The power of speaking to the eyes and heart, / Is great; and is indeed a wondrous art; / It mighty proves; it scorns the tyrant's power, / And will remain extant till earth's last hour: / And useful book may live from age to age, / And those unborn, may read its printed page."—Barber, 1857

Good Books Create Knowledge, Virtue, and Happiness

"The power of speaking to the eyes and heart, / Is great; and is indeed a wondrous art; / It mighty…

"While others are on beds of sweet repose, / This care-worn, wealthy man, no quiet knows; / A wandering cat may sorely him affright, / While counting o'er his gold at dead of night / Strange sights, and noises, oftentimes appear; / He dreads the midnight robber - thinks him near, / Riches he has, but quiet rest is rare, / He's harassed much, his soul is pressed with care."—Barber, 1857

Much Coin, Much Care

"While others are on beds of sweet repose, / This care-worn, wealthy man, no quiet knows; / A wandering…

"More than to eat, the hog does not aspire; / To get and cram his food, he looks no higher, / Like men who only live to eat and drink, / Of Him who feeds us all they never think: / They heed not, they love not Him who dwells on high. / Like brutes they live, like brutish beasts they die - / The source of life, of hope, and heavenly love, / They care not for, they never look above."—Barber, 1857

The Hog Never Looks Higher than His Head

"More than to eat, the hog does not aspire; / To get and cram his food, he looks no higher, / Like men…

"The pyramids of Egypt are well entitled to a place among the most interesting curiosities in the world. The principal ones stand opposite Cairo, on the west side of the river Nile. They are built of stones, which overleap each other, and thus form steps from the bottom to the top. The perpendicular height of the largest is about 500 feet, and the area of its basis contains nearly 500,000 square feet, or something more than eleven English acres of ground."—Blake, 1825

Ancient Pyramid

"The pyramids of Egypt are well entitled to a place among the most interesting curiosities in the world.…

A gold coin of King James I. It was the first coin to bear the name 'Great Britain.'

Gold Coin of James I

A gold coin of King James I. It was the first coin to bear the name 'Great Britain.'

A family of the Puritan faith during King James I's reign.

A Puritan Family

A family of the Puritan faith during King James I's reign.

The King of England from 1625 to 1649.

Charles I

The King of England from 1625 to 1649.

King Charles I signed a death warrant against Thomas Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford, after Parliament condemned him to death for attempting to strengthen the royal position against Parliament.

Execution of the Earl of Strafford

King Charles I signed a death warrant against Thomas Wentworth, the Earl of Strafford, after Parliament…

The silver crown coin of Charles II, who was the King of England between 1649 and 1651.

Silver Crown of Charles II

The silver crown coin of Charles II, who was the King of England between 1649 and 1651.

William III of England. He was the King of England between 1689 and 1702.

William III

William III of England. He was the King of England between 1689 and 1702.

The French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under King Louis XIV. He brought the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

The French minister of finance from 1665 to 1683 under King Louis XIV. He brought the economy back from…

"Commemorates the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The obverse bears a representation of 'Louis the Great, the Most Christian King,' the reverse contains a legend meaning 'Heresy Extinguished.'"—Webster, 1920

Medal of Louis XIV

"Commemorates the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The obverse bears a representation of 'Louis the…

The King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.

Charles XII

The King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.

Also known as Frederick II of Prussia. He reigned from 1740 to 1786 and was a proponent of enlightened absolutism.

Frederick the Great

Also known as Frederick II of Prussia. He reigned from 1740 to 1786 and was a proponent of enlightened…

"A contemporary cartoon which represents Catherine II, Joseph II, and Frederick II pointing out on the map the boundaries of Poland as divided between them. Stanislaus II, the Polish King, is trying to keep his crown from falling off his head."—Webster, 1920

The Partition of Poland

"A contemporary cartoon which represents Catherine II, Joseph II, and Frederick II pointing out on the…

The King of Great Britain and King of Ireland until their union in 1801. He continued his reign over the two countries until his death in 1820.

George III

The King of Great Britain and King of Ireland until their union in 1801. He continued his reign over…

A view of New Amsterdam, a Dutch colony in America. It later became New York City.

New Amsterdam in 1655

A view of New Amsterdam, a Dutch colony in America. It later became New York City.

An example of the paper money during colonial America.

New York Colonial Paper Money

An example of the paper money during colonial America.

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies. The figure is hewn out of the natural sandstone. The monument commemorates the officers and men of the Swiss Guard who were slain in 1792, while defending the Tuileries against the Parisian mob."—Webster, 1920

The Lion of Lucerne

"It represents a dying lion, which, pierced by a lance, still guards with its paw the Bourbon lilies.…

King of France from 1830 to 1848. He was the last king to rule France.

Louis Philippe

King of France from 1830 to 1848. He was the last king to rule France.

A caricature of Louis Philippe, the last king of France.

Caricature of Louis Philippe

A caricature of Louis Philippe, the last king of France.

The King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. In 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy, which he held until his death in 1878.

Victor Emmanuel II

The King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. In 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy,…

The King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888, and the first German Emperor from 1871 to 1888.

William I

The King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888, and the first German Emperor from 1871 to 1888.

The mace is carried in order to represent an official's authority.

House of Commons Mace

The mace is carried in order to represent an official's authority.

A portrait of the King and Queen of Spain during the 19th century.

The King and Queen of Spain

A portrait of the King and Queen of Spain during the 19th century.

King of Belgium from 1909 to 1934.

King Albert I

King of Belgium from 1909 to 1934.

A Russian citadel, which includes four palaces, four cathedrals, and the Kremlin towers. It is the official residence of the President of Russia.

The Kremlin

A Russian citadel, which includes four palaces, four cathedrals, and the Kremlin towers. It is the official…

A British Field Marshall who played a central role in the early part of World War I.

Lord Kitchener

A British Field Marshall who played a central role in the early part of World War I.

"A cartoon by Sir John Tenniel which appeared in the English journal Punch for August 22, 1857."—Webster, 1920

The Lion's Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger

"A cartoon by Sir John Tenniel which appeared in the English journal Punch for August 22, 1857."—Webster,…

"In the center of the Place de l'Étoile, from which twelve broad avenues radiate in all directions. Commenced by Napoleon in 1805, but not completed until the reign of Louis Philippe. It is the largest triumphal arch in the world, being 162 feet high and 147 feet wide. The monument is adorned with groups of sculpture representing the military triumphs of the revolutionary and Napoleonic armies."—Webster, 1920

Arc de Triomphe

"In the center of the Place de l'Étoile, from which twelve broad avenues radiate in all directions.…

The King of the United Kingdom from 1901 until his death in 1910.

Edward VII

The King of the United Kingdom from 1901 until his death in 1910.

A French Catalan general during the First World War. He defeated the Germans at the First Battle of the Marne.

Marshal Joffre

A French Catalan general during the First World War. He defeated the Germans at the First Battle of…

"The Guild Hall of the Cloth Merchants (begun 1201, completed 1304), was the chief edifice of the sort in Belgium and one of the finest examples of secular Gothic architecture in Europe. The façade measured 460 feet and had two ranges of painted windows. At each end rose a turret and in the middle the massive belfry. The view shows the condition of the building in August, 1915. It is now a shapeless ruin."—Webster, 1920

Guild Hall, Ypres

"The Guild Hall of the Cloth Merchants (begun 1201, completed 1304), was the chief edifice of the sort…

A British soldier and senior commander during World War I.

Sir Douglas Haig

A British soldier and senior commander during World War I.

A Russian general in World War I.

The Grand Duke Nicholas

A Russian general in World War I.

The second president of Germany, from 1925 to 1934. He was also the Chief of General Staff for Germany during World War I.

Hindenburg

The second president of Germany, from 1925 to 1934. He was also the Chief of General Staff for Germany…

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest (lion and crown) in the center and below it a scroll inscribed 'For Valour.'"—Webster, 1920

The Victoria Cross

"Established in 1856 for acts of bravery in battle. It is a bronze Maltese cross with the royal crest…

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol of the German Army from 1871 to 1918.

The Iron Cross

A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, and later of Germany. It was also used as the symbol…

"Richard I (looking down on the Holy City): 'My dream comes true.' A cartoon which appeared in Punch, Dec. 19, 1917, at the time of the British capture of Jerusalem."—Webster, 1920

The Last Crusade

"Richard I (looking down on the Holy City): 'My dream comes true.' A cartoon which appeared in Punch,…

"The obverse, shown here, bears under the legend Keine Bannware ('No Contraband') a representation of the sinking ship. The designer of the medal has added guns and airplanes which, however, the Lusitania did not carry."—Webster, 1920

The German Lusitania Medal

"The obverse, shown here, bears under the legend Keine Bannware ('No Contraband') a representation of…

A French soldier and general during World War I.

Ferdinand Foch

A French soldier and general during World War I.

A general officer in the United States Army during World War I.

John J. Pershing

A general officer in the United States Army during World War I.

The Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920.

Georges Clémenceau

The Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920.

The Prime Minister of Italy from 1917 to 1919.

Vittorio Orlando

The Prime Minister of Italy from 1917 to 1919.

The 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921.

The Greek king of Macedon.

Alexander the Great

The Greek king of Macedon.

"Columbus taking possession of the land in the name of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella."—GOrdy, 1912

Columbus Claiming the Land

"Columbus taking possession of the land in the name of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella."—GOrdy,…

The King of Spain, reigning from 1554 to 1598.

King Philip II

The King of Spain, reigning from 1554 to 1598.

In the short story Ulysses, the king makes a demand.

I Demand Your Blood and Your Lives

In the short story Ulysses, the king makes a demand.

From the story Gulliver's Travels, a drawing of Gulliver and the king.

Gulliver and the King

From the story Gulliver's Travels, a drawing of Gulliver and the king.

In the story of Balin and Balan, the image depicts the damsel removing her mantle in front of King Arthur and his followers.

The Damsel Let Fall Her Mantle

In the story of Balin and Balan, the image depicts the damsel removing her mantle in front of King Arthur…

"The monks also became copyists, and with great painstaking and industry gathered and multiplied ancient manuscripts, and thus preserved and transmitted to the modern world much classical learning and literature that would otherwise have been lost."—Myers, 1905

Monk Copyist

"The monks also became copyists, and with great painstaking and industry gathered and multiplied ancient…

"There are instances mentioned, however, where even women performed the wager of battle; in which case, to equalize the conditions, the man was placed in a pit waist-deep, with his left hand tied behind his back."—Myers, 1905

Wager of Battle Between a Man and Woman

"There are instances mentioned, however, where even women performed the wager of battle; in which case,…

"It was the custom of Northmen to bury their dead sea king near the sea in his ship and over the spot to raise a great mound of earth. The boat shown in the cut was found in 1880 in a burial mound at Gokstadt, South Norway. Its length is 78 feet. From the mode of sepulture it is inferred that the mound was raised between A.D. 700 and 1000."—Myers, 1905

A Viking Ship

"It was the custom of Northmen to bury their dead sea king near the sea in his ship and over the spot…

"Investiture of a bishop by a king through the giving of the crosier, or pastoral staff."—Myers, 1905

Investiture

"Investiture of a bishop by a king through the giving of the crosier, or pastoral staff."—Myers, 1905

Reception of Crusaders by the King of Hungary.

Reception of Crusaders by the King of Hungary

Reception of Crusaders by the King of Hungary.