A sample exercise problem to complete the top part and create a stretched out image of the oblique hexagonal pyramid. The stretched out image is created by drawing an arc with the perimeter of the base stepped off to create an intersection point.

Development Exercise of Oblique Hexagonal Pyramid

A sample exercise problem to complete the top part and create a stretched out image of the oblique hexagonal…

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are accepted by practically all who use conventional cross—hatching... Those given are part of the codes of government standards of the Bureau of Steam Engineering and the Bureau of Construction U.S.N." —French, 1911

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Material Symbols

"The illustration gives conventions for a number of different materials. Those in the first line are…

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Cast Iron

A conventional cross hatching material symbol for cast iron.

A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Babbitt

A conventional cross hatching symbol for Babbitt, metal composed of tin and copper.

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Brass

The conventional material symbol using cross hatching technique for brass.

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

Mechanical Drawing of Cross Hatching Cast Steel

A mechanical drawing cross hatching symbol for cast steel.

A wrought iron conventional cross hatching symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Wrought Iron

A wrought iron conventional cross hatching symbol.

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Copper

Conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing of copper.

The conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol for wrought steel.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Wrought Steel

The conventional cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol for wrought steel.

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Face Hardened Steel

A conventional face hardened steel, commonly used in military armory, cross hatching mechanical drawing…

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Leather

A conventional leather cross hatching mechanical drawing symbol.

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Glass

Conventional cross hatching for glass for mechanical drawing.

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Liquid

A conventional liquid symbol in cross hatching used in mechanical drawing.

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

Mechanical Drawing Cross Hatching of Insulating Material

Cross hatching conventional symbol for insulating material used in mechanical drawing.

A series of general electrical symbols commonly used in mechanical drawing.

Electrical Symbols

A series of general electrical symbols commonly used in mechanical drawing.

A series of illustration with conventional breaks and other symbols. The break in the bar is used as a shortcut in shortening the length of the bar.

Conventional Breaks and Other Symbols

A series of illustration with conventional breaks and other symbols. The break in the bar is used as…

Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned and served from a cask without additional nitrogen or carbon dioxide pressure. Cask ale may also be referred to as real ale, a term coined by the Campaign for Real Ale, often now extended to cover bottle-conditioned beer as well.

Process of Drawing Off Beer

Cask ale or cask-conditioned beer is the term for unfiltered and unpasteurised beer which is conditioned…

A conventional break symbol for a round section to use as a shortcut in shortening the length of the bar.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Round Section Cylinder

A conventional break symbol for a round section to use as a shortcut in shortening the length of the…

A shortcut drawing pipe or tubing conventional break to draw a pipes and tubes by shortening the length of the bar without the diameter cut.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Pipe or Tubing without Cutting Diameter

A shortcut drawing pipe or tubing conventional break to draw a pipes and tubes by shortening the length…

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

Conventional Breaks Symbols of Pipe or Tubing by Cutting Diameter

The conventional break symbol for drawing a pipe or tubing by cutting the diameter in half.

A conventional standard symbol for shop riveting known as Osborn symbol.

Standard Symbols for Shop Riveting

A conventional standard symbol for shop riveting known as Osborn symbol.

A side view of Osborn, or standard, symbol for riveting.

Side View of Standard Symbols for Shop Riveting

A side view of Osborn, or standard, symbol for riveting.

The standard standard symbol for field riveting, or Osborn symbol for field riveting.

Side View of Standard Symbols for Field Riveting

The standard standard symbol for field riveting, or Osborn symbol for field riveting.

A large scale riveting illustration showing the length of the rivets for Osborn symbol for riveting.

Large View of Riveting for Drawing

A large scale riveting illustration showing the length of the rivets for Osborn symbol for riveting.

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Sketching Vertical Line

Vertical line is drawn downward with the pencil held with freedom, not close to the point.

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Sketching Horizontal Line

Horizontal line can be drawn left to right by holding the pencil away from the point.

Castings can be measured by laying a straight edge on top to measure the dimensions of the casting.

Measuring Castings using Straight Edge

Castings can be measured by laying a straight edge on top to measure the dimensions of the casting.

An illustration of perspective drawing using a picture plane to create a vanishing points of the image.

Perspective Outline of Object

An illustration of perspective drawing using a picture plane to create a vanishing points of the image.

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length of pencil which covers a line of the model rotating the arm, with the thumb held in position, until the pencil coincides with another line, and estimating the proportion of this measurement to the second line." —French, 1911

Estimating Lines using Pencil

"Holding the pencil in a plane perpendicular to the line of sight, marking with the thumb the length…

"An object in parallel perspective with one face in the picture plane is shown. At B is shown the top view of A with the cone of rays. C shows the picture plane detached and set forward in order that it may not interfere with the plan when revolved. D is the top view of C after the picture plane has been revolved." —French, 1911

Parallel Perspective

"An object in parallel perspective with one face in the picture plane is shown. At B is shown the top…

A series of illustration of the image showing the different perspectives showing vanishing points and picture plane.

Angular Perspective

A series of illustration of the image showing the different perspectives showing vanishing points and…

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Ruled Outline of House

A display drawing showing a ruled outline of a house on tracing paper.

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

Symbols of Building Materials

Series of conventional symbols for building materials in architecture.

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

CVT Stone in Section Material Symbol

Common material symbol for CVT Stone in Section for architectural and mechanical drawing.

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical drawing

CVT Stone in Elevation Material Symbol

A widely accepted building material symbol for CVT Stone in Elevation used in architectural and mechanical…

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rubble Stone in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used symbol for Rubble Stone in Section used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Rough Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Building material symbol for Rough Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Finished Lumber in Section Material Symbol

Conventional building symbol for Finished Lumber in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical…

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

Wood in Elevation Material Symbol

A building material symbol used in architectural or mechanical drawing for Wood in Elevation.

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large Scale.

Brick in Elevation Large Scale Material Symbol

Conventional material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing for Brick in Elevation Large…

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Brick in Section Material Symbol

Brick in Section conventional material symbol is commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Conventional Symbol of Brick in Elevation Small Scale

Architectural and mechanical conventional building material symbol for Brick in Elevation Small Scale.

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Cement and Plaster in Section Material Symbol

Building material conventional symbol for Cement and Plaster in Section commonly used in architectural…

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

Terra Cotta Wall in Section Material Symbol

A commonly used material symbol in mechanical and architectural drawing for Terra Cotta Wall in Section.

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Earth in Section Material Symbol

Mechanical and architectural drawing building material symbol for Earth in Section.

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Concrete in Section Material Symbol

Concrete in Section conventional building material symbol used in architectural and mechanical drawing.

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

Stages in Making Concrete Material Symbol

Architectural and mechanical drawing material symbol for Stages in Making Concrete Symbol.

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

Basement Windows Framing

An illustration showing framing basement window with dimensions.

"Stair details and the like may be shown with sufficient clearness to the scales of 3/4" or 1". Mouldings and other mill work details are generally made full size. The turned or revolved section is often of use is showing moulding sections in position." —French, 1911

Stair Detail

"Stair details and the like may be shown with sufficient clearness to the scales of 3/4" or 1". Mouldings…

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation, thus the shore line of a body of water represents a contour. If the water should rise one foot the new shore line would be another contour, with foot 'contour interval.'" —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour

"A contour is a line on the surface of the ground which at every point passes through the same elevation,…

A perspective view of the shoreline illustrated by using contour lines.

Perspective View of Shoreline

A perspective view of the shoreline illustrated by using contour lines.

A map of a shoreline created by using contour lines creating hills.

Shoreline Contour Map

A map of a shoreline created by using contour lines creating hills.

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting at the summit and making heavier strokes for steeper slopes. The rows of strokes should touch the pencil line, to avoid white streaks along the contours." —French, 1911

Shoreline Contour Map Method of Execution

"The contours are sketched lightly in pencil and the hachures drawn perpendicular to them, starting…

"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution, does not give exact elevations and would not be applied on maps to be used for engineering purposes. They may sometimes be used to advantage in reconnoissance maps, or in small scale maps for illustration." —French, 1911

Shoreline Hill Shading by Hachures Contour Map

"The showing of relief by means of hill shading gives a pleasing effect but is very difficult of execution,…

A conventional topographic symbol of a city or a village commonly used in map drawing.

City or Village Topography Symbols

A conventional topographic symbol of a city or a village commonly used in map drawing.

Drafting or map drawing conventional topography symbol for trail.

Trail Topography Symbols

Drafting or map drawing conventional topography symbol for trail.

A double railroad track map or topography symbol for drafting and map drawing

Double Track Railroads Topography Symbols

A double railroad track map or topography symbol for drafting and map drawing

A conventional topographical electric railway symbol for drawing maps and drafting.

Electric Railway Topography Symbols

A conventional topographical electric railway symbol for drawing maps and drafting.

Illustrated conventional symbol for a bridge commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Bridge Topography Symbols

Illustrated conventional symbol for a bridge commonly used in drafting and map drawing.

Conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting for ferry.

Ferry Topography Symbols

Conventional symbol used in map drawing and drafting for ferry.