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Tower of London, Bird's eye view

Tower of London, Bird's eye view

Tower of London, Bird's eye view

Argonaut, sectional view submerged, 1901. Man in conning-tower making observations. Second man steering the third wheel which rests on the ocean bottom. Water tanks are filled when descending and pumped dry when ready to come up.

Argonaut, sectional view

Argonaut, sectional view submerged, 1901. Man in conning-tower making observations. Second man steering…

Argonaut, side view submerged, 1901. Key: C-driving wheel, E-rudder and guiding wheel, G-air lock, K-compartment for searchlight, L-forward lookout compartment, M-gasoline tanks, N-compressed air reserve, O-water ballast, S-conning-tower, T-compass, U-outside steering gear.

Argonaut, side view

Argonaut, side view submerged, 1901. Key: C-driving wheel, E-rudder and guiding wheel, G-air lock, K-compartment…

Eiffel Tower in Paris, 1901

Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower in Paris, 1901

Tower of London, with donjon in courtyard.

Tower of London

Tower of London, with donjon in courtyard.

The Asinelli and Garisenda Towers, Bologna.

Asinelli and Garisenda Towers

The Asinelli and Garisenda Towers, Bologna.

Chapter House and Angel Tower, Canterbury Cathedral

Canterbury Cathedral

Chapter House and Angel Tower, Canterbury Cathedral

Santos Dumont's Airship rounding the Eiffel Tower.

Airship

Santos Dumont's Airship rounding the Eiffel Tower.

Steel tower bridge across the East River in New York.

Steel Bridge

Steel tower bridge across the East River in New York.

Capital from "Tower of the Winds" Athens.

Corinthian Capital

Capital from "Tower of the Winds" Athens.

The most remarkable campanile in the world is known everywhere as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa." Its construction was commenced in 1074, by the German architect, Wilhelm of Innsbruck. Its total height is 170 feet.

Pisa Cathedral

The most remarkable campanile in the world is known everywhere as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa." Its construction…

A spire is a steeple that diminishes as it ascends.

Spire

A spire is a steeple that diminishes as it ascends.

A spire is a steeple that diminishes as it ascends.

Spire

A spire is a steeple that diminishes as it ascends.

A military tower.

Tower

A military tower.

"Heroic conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Morrison, Seventy-Ninth New York Highlanders, on the parapet of the Tower Battery, James Island, S. C." —Leslie, 1896

Lieutenant Colonel Morrison

"Heroic conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Morrison, Seventy-Ninth New York Highlanders, on the parapet of…

"Loss of the <em>Monitor</em>- gallant attempt of the officers and crew of the United States steamer <em>Rhode Island</em>, to rescue the crew of the <em>Monitor</em>, off Cape Hatteras, at midnight, December 30th 1862. The closing day of 1862 will always be a dark one in our history, for just on the threshold of its birth the pet monster of our ironclads went down off Hatteras, with our flag flying on its tower, and in the midst of a furious storm. Its sudden and unlooked-for fate recalled to every mind that memorable Sunday in March when it signalized its advent to war by driving back to its Norfolk retreat the terrible <em>Merrimac</em>." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Monitor

"Loss of the Monitor- gallant attempt of the officers and crew of the United States steamer…

"The old Harrison Mansion, Harrison's Landing, Va., the birthplace of President William Henry Harrison, used as a hospital and the headquarters of the signal corps. This old-fashioned residence was situated at Berkeley, on the banks of the James River, only a few hundred yards from the water. It was constructed of brick and surrounded by a grove of poplar and other trees. Here, on February 9th, 1773, William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, was born, and for this it remained famous till it became of still higher historical interest by being selected as the <em>point d'appui</em> of General McClellan's army, and the chief landing place of all its stores. It was at once chosen for hospital purposes, and upon its roof the Signal Corps erected a tower for the survey of the surrounding country."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Harrison Mansion

"The old Harrison Mansion, Harrison's Landing, Va., the birthplace of President William Henry Harrison,…

"Old tower at Newport."—Lossing, 1851

Newport Tower

"Old tower at Newport."—Lossing, 1851

"Ancient Dutch Church in Sleepy Hollow. This view is from the church-yard, looking southwest. The porch seen on the right fronts upon the highway, and is a modern addition, the ancient entrance being on the south side. This is believed to be the oldest church in existence in this state, having been erected, according to inscription upon a stone tablet upon its front, by Vredryck Flypsen (Frederic Philips) and Catharine his wife, in 1699. It is built of brick and stone, the former having been imported from Holland for the express purpose. The old flag-shaped vane, with the initials of the founder cut out of it, yet turns upon its steeple, and in the little tower hangs the ancient bell, bearing this inscription: 'Si. Deus. Pro. Nobis. Quis. Contra. Nos. 1685.' The pulpit and communion-table were imported from Holland; the latter alone has escaped the ruthless hand of modern improvement."—Lossing, 1851

Sleepy Hollow Church

"Ancient Dutch Church in Sleepy Hollow. This view is from the church-yard, looking southwest. The porch…

"Key of the Bastile. This key of the old Paris prison known as the Bastile, was sent by La Fayette to Washington after the destruction of that edifice by the infuriated populace on the 14th of July, 1789. This was the beginning of the French Revolution. The Bastille was originally a royal place, built by Charles the Fifth of France in 1369. It was afterward used as a state prison, like the Tower of London, and became the scene of dreadful sufferings and frightful crimes. When the mob gained possession of it in 1789, they took the governor and other officers to the Place de Greve, where they first cut off their hands and then their heads. With the key, La Fayette sent a plaster model of the old building. The model, somewhat defaced from long exposure in the Alexandria museum, is among the collections of the National Institute, while the key retains its ancient position at Mount Vernon. It is of wrought iron, seven inches long. La Fayette, in his letter to Washington which accompanied the key and picture, dated 'Paris, March 17th, 1789,' said, 'Give me leave, my dear general, to present you with a picture of the Bastile, just as it appeared a few days after I had ordered its demolition, with the main key of this fortress of despotism. It is a tribute which I owe as a son to my adopted father; as an aid-de-camp to my general; as a missionary liberty to its patriarch.'"—Lossing, 1851

Bastile Key

"Key of the Bastile. This key of the old Paris prison known as the Bastile, was sent by La Fayette to…

"Distant view of Jamestown Island. This view is from the north side of what was once a marsh, but now a deep bay, four hundred yards wide. On the left is seen the remains of a bridge, destroyed by a gale and high tide a few years ago; and beyond is the James River. Near the point of the island, toward the end of the bridge, are the remains of an ancient church. Mr. Coke resided upon the island when the tempest occurred which destroyed the bridge. The island was submerged, and for three days himself and family were prisoners. It was in winter, and he was obliged to cut the branches of ornamental trees that were close to his house, for fuel. I was gravely informed by a man on the beach, while making the sketch, that Pocahontas crossed at that very spot '<em>in her skiff</em>,' when she went to warn the Jamestown settlers of threatened danger. The dear child had no need of a skiff, had such a thing existed in America, for I was told by Mr. Coke that his father-in-law well remembered when a marsh, so narrow and firm that a person might cross it upon a fence rail, was where the deep water at the ruined bridge now is. Every year the current of James River is changing its margins in this region, and within a few years Jamestown Island, made so only by a marsh on the land side, will have a navigable channel around it. Already a large portion of it, whereon the ancient town was erected, has been washed away; and I was informed that a cypress-tree, now many yards from the shore stood at the end of a carriage-way to the wharf, sixty yards from the water's edge, only sixteen years ago. The destructive flood is gradually approaching the old church tower, and if the hand of man shall not arrest its sure progress, that too will be swept away, and not a vestige of Jamestown will remain. Virginians, look to it, and let a wall of masonry along the river margin attest your reverence for the most interesting historical relic within your borders! Some remains of the old fort may be seen at low water, several yards from the shore."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Jamestown Island

"Distant view of Jamestown Island. This view is from the north side of what was once a marsh, but now…

"Ruins at Jamestown. This view is from the old church-yard, looking toward James River, a glimpse of which may be seen through the arches. The stream is here about three miles wide. It is uncertain at what precise time the church, of which now only a portion of the tower remains, was erected. It ws probably built sometime between 1617 and 1620. According to Smith, a fire consumed a large portion of the town, with the palisades, at about the close of 1607, the first year of the settlement. Captain Smith and Mr. Scrivener were appointed commissioners to superintend the rebuilding of the town and church. Afterward, in speaking of the arrival of Governor Argall in 1617, he says, 'In James towne he found but five or six houses, the church downe, the pallizados broken, the bridge in pieces, the well of fresh water spoiled, the store-house used for the church.' The tower here represented was doubtless of the third church built, and is now (1852) about 234 years old. The tower is now about thirty feet high, the walls three feet thick, all of imported brick."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Jamestown Ruins

"Ruins at Jamestown. This view is from the old church-yard, looking toward James River, a glimpse of…

"Site of Fort Watson."—Lossing, 1851 <p>The Siege of Fort Watson was an American Revolutionary War confrontation in South Carolina that began on April 15, 1781 and lasted until April 23, 1781. Continental Army forces under Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee and South Carolina militia under Francis Marion besieged Fort Watson, a fortified British outpost that formed part of the communication and supply chain between Charleston and other British outposts further inland. <p>The attackers, lacking artillery, were unable to make a dent in the fortified works, and failed in attempts to deny the garrison of a water supply. They then devised a plan to build a tower from which sharpshooters could fire into the fort's walls. Fort Watson was once again attacked by the Americans on April 23, with the British forces unable to control the walls due to musket fire from the tower. They surrendered shortly afterwards.

Fort Watson

"Site of Fort Watson."—Lossing, 1851 The Siege of Fort Watson was an American Revolutionary War confrontation…

The Tower of London

Tower of London

The Tower of London

"A hoisting crane used in building piers, towers, chineys, etc."-Whitney, 1902

Abutment-crane

"A hoisting crane used in building piers, towers, chineys, etc."-Whitney, 1902

The Old Stone Mill at Newport, R. I., once believed to have been constructed by men from Iceland. It is now commonly considered to be the remains of a seventeenth century windmill.

Stone Mill

The Old Stone Mill at Newport, R. I., once believed to have been constructed by men from Iceland. It…

"Eddystone is a group of gneiss rocks, daily submerged by the tide, in the English Channel, 9 miles off the Cornish coast, and 14 S.S.W. of Plymouth Breakwater. The frequent shipwrecks on these rocks led to the erection of a lighthouse on them in 1669-1700, but the great storm of Nov. 20, 1703 completely washed it away. Another lighthouse was built in 1706-1709. This was burned in 1755. The next, noted for its strength and the engineering skill displayed in it, was constructed in 1757-1759. The granite was dovetailed into the solid rock, and each block into its neighbors. As the rock in which this tower was built became undermined and greatly weakened by the action of the waves, the foundation of another was laid on a different part of the reef in 1879. Its light is visible in clear weather at a distance of 17 and one half miles."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Eddystone Lighthouse

"Eddystone is a group of gneiss rocks, daily submerged by the tide, in the English Channel, 9 miles…

"The Eiffel Tower is a notable structure in Paris, France. The plans for the Paris exposition of 1889 included a monstrous iron tower, to be raised on the Champs-de-Mars, 1,000 feet high. The designer, Gustave Eiffel, constructed it of iron lattice-work, with three sets of elevators giving access to the summit."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Eiffel Tower

"The Eiffel Tower is a notable structure in Paris, France. The plans for the Paris exposition of 1889…

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties, on New York Bay, the Hudson and East rivers, Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; the first city in the United States in population and commercial importance, and after London, the largest metropolitan center in the world. New York is noted for the number and height of its office buildings. In 1911 there were 50 such structures in occupancy, ranging from 14 to 50 stories in height, or from 179 to 700 feet above ground level, and 16 more were nearing completion. The tallest building was that of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 700 and one quarter feet to top of lantern on its majestic tower. Other conspicuous ones [include the] Park Row, 382 [feet]."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Park Row Building of New York

"New York is a city in Southern New York; coextensive with New York, Kings, Queens, and Richmond counties,…

"The most remarkable buildings in Pisa are the Campo Santo and the belfry, or campanile, a cylindrical tower, 178 feet in height, constructed of successive rows of pillars, chiefly of marble; it is extremely graceful in its proportions, but its chief peculiarity consists in its inclination about 13 feet out of the perpendicular, whence it is commonly called the Leaning Tower of Pisa. "—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Leaning Tower of Pisa

"The most remarkable buildings in Pisa are the Campo Santo and the belfry, or campanile, a cylindrical…

"Saxon Architecture was the style of architecture in use in England from the time of its conversion till the Conquest. It is easily recognized by its massive columns and semicircular arches, which usually spring from capitals without the intervention of the entablature."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tower in Northamptonshire, England

"Saxon Architecture was the style of architecture in use in England from the time of its conversion…

Scene from "Child Rowland and the Dark Tower."

Rowland

Scene from "Child Rowland and the Dark Tower."

Scene from "Child Rowland and the Dark Tower."

Rowland

Scene from "Child Rowland and the Dark Tower."

"Temple of Saturn, Tabularium and Tower of Capitol." &mdash; Young, 1901

Temple of Saturn

"Temple of Saturn, Tabularium and Tower of Capitol." — Young, 1901

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." — Young, 1901

Campanile

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." — Young, 1901

Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a minor basilica church in Rome, Italy.

Santa Maria in Cosmedin

Santa Maria in Cosmedin is a minor basilica church in Rome, Italy.

"They who are within this machine obtain first a view of the place from their high position, and then, by means of small bridges (<em>pontes</em>), descend upon the city walls." — Anthon, 1891

Mobile tower

"They who are within this machine obtain first a view of the place from their high position, and then,…

A Roman Siege Works, with A and B, a double wall; C, C, C, Vine&aelig;; D, an Agger; E, a movable tower; F, a ditch.

Roman Siege Works

A Roman Siege Works, with A and B, a double wall; C, C, C, Vineæ; D, an Agger; E, a movable tower;…

Entrance to Raleigh's Cell in the Tower

Raleigh's Cell

Entrance to Raleigh's Cell in the Tower

The historic Tower of London

Tower of London

The historic Tower of London

Architecture of Cathredals in England. Central Tower in the Norwich Cathedral, Norman Style.

Central Tower

Architecture of Cathredals in England. Central Tower in the Norwich Cathedral, Norman Style.

An elevated structure or tower placed near a seaport or some headland for the purpose of protecting vessels at night by warning navigators of danger, and also serving as a general landmark.

Lighthouse

An elevated structure or tower placed near a seaport or some headland for the purpose of protecting…

"Tower of Earl's Barton Church, Northhamptonshire." —D'Anvers, 1895

Tower of Barton Church

"Tower of Earl's Barton Church, Northhamptonshire." —D'Anvers, 1895

This illustration shows a tower filled with quicklime, being used to filter out gas from water vapor.

Quicklime

This illustration shows a tower filled with quicklime, being used to filter out gas from water vapor.

King's College, Aberdeen, with its tower and crown.

King's College

King's College, Aberdeen, with its tower and crown.

The tower of St. Front, Perigueux.

St. Front Tower

The tower of St. Front, Perigueux.

"A Round Tower, located in Devenish, Ireland." — Chambers, 1881

Round Tower

"A Round Tower, located in Devenish, Ireland." — Chambers, 1881

"Chulpa or Burial Tower, Peru." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Burial Tower

"Chulpa or Burial Tower, Peru." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

"Plan of Amiens Cathedral. A, Apsidal aisle. B B, Outer aisles of choir. F G, Transepts. H, Central tower. I J, Western turrets. M, Principal or western doorway. N N, Western side doors. P Q, North and south aisles of choir. R R R, Chapels. T U, North and south aisles of nave." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Amiens Cathedral

"Plan of Amiens Cathedral. A, Apsidal aisle. B B, Outer aisles of choir. F G, Transepts. H, Central…

The leaning tower of Pisa, located in Italy.

Tower of Pisa

The leaning tower of Pisa, located in Italy.

"Camera obscura strictly signifies a darkened chamber, because the room must be darkened, in order to observe its effects. To witness the phenomena of this instrument, let a room be closed in every direction, so as to exclude the light. Then from an aperture, say of an inch in diameter, admit a single beam of light, and the images of external things, such as trees and houses, and persons walking the streets, will be seen inverted on the wall opposite to where the light is admitted, or on a screen of white paper, placed before the aperture. The reason why the image is inverted will be obvious, when it is remembered that the rays proceeding from the extremities of the object must converge in order to pass through the small aperture; and as the rays of light always proceed in straight lines, they must cross each other at the point of admission. Thus the pencil a, coming from the upperpart of the tower, and proceeding straight, will represent the image of the part at b, while the lower part c, for the same reason, will be represented at d." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Camera Obscura

"Camera obscura strictly signifies a darkened chamber, because the room must be darkened, in order to…

"Camera obscura strictly signifies a darkened chamber, because the room must be darkened, in order to observe its effects. To witness the phenomena of this instrument, let a room be closed in every direction, so as to exclude the light. Then from an aperture, say of an inch in diameter, admit a single beam of light, and the images of external things, such as trees and houses, and persons walking the streets, will be seen inverted on the wall opposite to where the light is admitted, or on a screen of white paper, placed before the aperture. The reason why the image is inverted will be obvious, when it is remembered that the rays proceeding from the extremities of the object must converge in order to pass through the small aperture; and as the rays of light always proceed in straight lines, they must cross each other at the point of admission. Thus the pencil a, coming from the upperpart of the tower, and proceeding straight, will represent the image of the part at b, while the lower part c, for the same reason, will be represented at d." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Camera Obscura

"Camera obscura strictly signifies a darkened chamber, because the room must be darkened, in order to…

Scenery with a tower and moonlight shading.

Tower

Scenery with a tower and moonlight shading.

The Tower Bridge in London

Tower Bridge

The Tower Bridge in London

The White Tower, the square building with turrets on each corner that gave it its name, is actually in the middle of a complex of several buildings along the River Thames in London, which have served as fortresses, armories, treasuries, zoos/menageries, mints, palaces, places of execution, public records offices, observatories, shelters, and prisons.

Towers of London

The White Tower, the square building with turrets on each corner that gave it its name, is actually…

The historic Tower of London

Tower of London

The historic Tower of London

This view of Florence shows the Duomo (cathedral) on the right and Giotto's Campanile (tower) on the left.

Florence

This view of Florence shows the Duomo (cathedral) on the right and Giotto's Campanile (tower) on the…

This piece, by Niccolo Pisano, is the earliest authenticated work by the artist. The sculpture can now be found in Pisa, Italy.

The Pulpit of the Baptistry

This piece, by Niccolo Pisano, is the earliest authenticated work by the artist. The sculpture can now…

A projecting watch tower, or other advanced work, before the gate of a castle or fortified town. The term barbican was more especially applied to the outwork intended to defend the drawbridge, which in modern fortifications is called the <em>tete du pont</em>.

Barbican

A projecting watch tower, or other advanced work, before the gate of a castle or fortified town. The…

The Bergues Clock Tower. Bergues, a town in the Department of Nord, France, on the Colme river.

Clock Tower

The Bergues Clock Tower. Bergues, a town in the Department of Nord, France, on the Colme river.