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This illustration shows a cross-section of an ovary of a flower.

Cross-Section of Flower Ovary

This illustration shows a cross-section of an ovary of a flower.

This illustration shows the fertilization of a flower, by means of a pollen tube entering a micropyle, a small hole in the surface of the ovule.

Fertilization (Flower)

This illustration shows the fertilization of a flower, by means of a pollen tube entering a micropyle,…

This illustration shows fertilization of a flower, by means of pollen falling from stamens (male organ) onto a pistil (female organ).

Fertilization (Flower)

This illustration shows fertilization of a flower, by means of pollen falling from stamens (male organ)…

A European plant which grows in stagnant or nearly stagnant water. It has long, sword-shaped leaves, and bears an umbel of large reddish flowers at the end of its long stalk. This illustration shows 1) a cross-section of a flower, and 2) the fruit of the flowering rush.

Flowering Rush

A European plant which grows in stagnant or nearly stagnant water. It has long, sword-shaped leaves,…

Frankincense (Olibanum) is a gum resin obtained from Boswellia Carterii, of the order Burseraceae, and grows chiefly in Somali land. It occurs in roundish tears, about half an inch in diameter, colorless to reddish and covered with a white powder. its odor is balsamic, and it tastes bitter. It burns with a fragrant odor, and is used in incense. The illustration shows 1) the flower, 2) a cross section with petals removed, and 3) fruit.

Frankincense

Frankincense (Olibanum) is a gum resin obtained from Boswellia Carterii, of the order Burseraceae, and…

A state of flower or fruit in which the carpels are united.

Syncarpous

A state of flower or fruit in which the carpels are united.

A genus of hardy plants, Gentians belong to the order Gentianaceae. They have a bitter taste, and one species, G. lutea, is largely used as a bitter tonic in medicine. Gentians are not easy plants to establish in a garden, on account of their need of root moisture and their dislike of root disturbance. It is best to raise them from seed, although slow to germinate. The most commonly cultivated Gentian is the Alpine G. acaulis, with large, deep-blue flowers on a dwarfed plant.

Gentian

A genus of hardy plants, Gentians belong to the order Gentianaceae. They have a bitter taste, and one…

Geum urbanum is a member of the genus Geum, a genus of hardy plants (Rosaceae). Not usually used decoratively, their five-parted flowers being borne singly at the ends of much-branching stems. The leaves are generally odd-pinnate, often with small leaflets scattered among larger ones. The style is persistent in the fruit and is often plumose, as in the purple avens (G. ciliatum), which has violet flowers. The white avens (G. canadense) has a prickly receptacle, as has the G. flavum. Among the most common species are the yellow G. strictum and the G. vernum, both found in shady, damp places.

Geum Urbanum

Geum urbanum is a member of the genus Geum, a genus of hardy plants (Rosaceae). Not usually used decoratively,…

Also known as Sea Milkwort, Glaux Maritima is a hardy perennial seashore plant belonging to the order Primulaceæ. It is a common European plant with glaucous leaves and pink flowers in summer. This illustration shows the plant itself, as well as a flower (1) and a calyx (2) laid open.

Glaux Maritima

Also known as Sea Milkwort, Glaux Maritima is a hardy perennial seashore plant belonging to the order…

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American. The golden-rods are erect plants, little branched, and often somewhat woody at the base. The foliage is various, usually somewhat lanceolate in shape, and sometimes conspicuously veined. The tiny heads have one series of white or yellow ray-flowers, and are gathered into various forms of inflorescence, often of a massive character; they appear in late summer and early autumn. Although of no commercial value (except as forage for sheep) the golden-rods are conspicuous for their bright color, especially as they are apt to grow in huge colonies in fields and along roadsides.

British Golden-rod

British Golden-rod is a member of the large composite genus Solidago, which is chiefly North American.…

Also known as the Snowball Tree, the Guelder Rose is a cultivated form of the genus Viburnum, especially <i>V. opulus</i>, with flat cymes of white flowers in summer, and red, globose fruit. The double variety, <i>V. O. sterilis</i>, is the common garden form.

Guelder Rose

Also known as the Snowball Tree, the Guelder Rose is a cultivated form of the genus Viburnum, especially…

Known as the soft rush, Juncus effusus is nearly as common as the most common species, J. conglomeratus. It can be distinguished from J. conglomeratus by its branching and looser inflorescence. It belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Effusus

Known as the soft rush, Juncus effusus is nearly as common as the most common species, J. conglomeratus.…

Lamium album (also known as the white dead-nettle, or archangel) is a member of the Lamium, a genus of Labiatæ, whose flowers are marked by possessing four stamens longer than the corolla tube, a bell-shaped calyx with five teeth, and a two-lipped corolla, the upper lip being arched, the lower trifid and spreading. It has been naturalized in America and has a square stem and white flowers with black stamens.

Lamium Album

Lamium album (also known as the white dead-nettle, or archangel) is a member of the Lamium, a genus…

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear monoecious flowers, the male catkins being small and oval, whilst the female ones are much longer. The leaves are bright green, linear, soft, and usually produced in short bundles on each side of the spray. They appear very early in the spring. The timber, which is very hard and tough, is much used in shipbuilding and for railway sleepers, and in cabinet work is capable of taking a very high polish. The species most commonly planted is 'L. europaea', whcich grows to about 100 ft in height. Other species are 'L. occidentalis', a tall and handsome American tree and 'L. laricina', the tamarack, or hackmatack, of North America. This is a straggling tree, most common in swampy soils, with smaller cones than has the the European species. It reaches a height of 70 ft., and the wood is valuable for the same purposes as that of other larches. (1. Scale of cone with two seeds; 2. anther)

Larch, Cone and Flowers (male and female)

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear…

Lattice Leaf is the popular name of a water plant, 'Aponogeton jenestralis', belonging to the order 'Aponogetonaceæ'. The older leaves are of open structure, are nearly a foot long, oblong in shape, and float just below the surface of the water. The flowers are born in spikes in the surface. The roots of the plant are used as an article of food by the natives of Madagascar, where it is indigenous. (1. Part of Flower Spike)

Lattice Leaf

Lattice Leaf is the popular name of a water plant, 'Aponogeton jenestralis', belonging to the order…

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering the flower head conspicuous.

Colored Leaves of 'Cornus florida'

This illustration shows the colored leaves of 'Cornus florida', surrounding the small flowers and rendering…

Alder Buckthorn (Rhomnus Frangula). B, Flower. C, same in section.

Flower

Alder Buckthorn (Rhomnus Frangula). B, Flower. C, same in section.

Vertical section through flower.

Flower Anatomy

Vertical section through flower.

A flower at a younger stage.

Flower Stages

A flower at a younger stage.

Fruit of Flower

Endocarp with seed

Endocarp

Endocarp with seed

Vertical section of the wild rose, or dog-rose.

Anatomy

Vertical section of the wild rose, or dog-rose.

Chenopodium olidum, or Wild Arrach, an herb. 1, flower.

Chenopodium

Chenopodium olidum, or Wild Arrach, an herb. 1, flower.

The cherry. 1. flower, petals and part of calyx; 2. fruit.

Cherry

The cherry. 1. flower, petals and part of calyx; 2. fruit.

Chervil (Scandix cerefolium). 1, flower; 2, fruit.

Chervil

Chervil (Scandix cerefolium). 1, flower; 2, fruit.

Chicory. 1, Floret; 2, fruit.

Chicory

Chicory. 1, Floret; 2, fruit.

A Christmas rose (Helleborus niger). 1, stamen; 2, section.

Christmas Rose

A Christmas rose (Helleborus niger). 1, stamen; 2, section.

Christ's thorns (Paliurus aculeata). 1, Flower, 2, fruit.

Christ's Thorns

Christ's thorns (Paliurus aculeata). 1, Flower, 2, fruit.

Clematis vitalba. 1, fruit; 2, schenium.

Fruit

Clematis vitalba. 1, fruit; 2, schenium.

Clove. 1, section of flower; 2, fruit.

Clove

Clove. 1, section of flower; 2, fruit.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense).

Red Clover

Red clover (Trifolium pratense).

Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum).

Crimson Clover

Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum).

Coca plant. 1, flower; 2, calyx and pistil; 3, petal; 4, fruit.

Coca

Coca plant. 1, flower; 2, calyx and pistil; 3, petal; 4, fruit.

Cocoa or Cacao. 1, flower; 2, pod; 3, section of pod.

Cocoa plant

Cocoa or Cacao. 1, flower; 2, pod; 3, section of pod.

Coconut palm. A, section of fruit; a, husk; b, shell; c, albumin; d, cavity; e, embryo; f, aperture of shell; g, rudimentary aperture; B, male flower; C, female flower.

Coconut Tree

Coconut palm. A, section of fruit; a, husk; b, shell; c, albumin; d, cavity; e, embryo; f, aperture…

Composite, or compound flowers, form the largest of all botanical orders. 2, floret.

Floret

Composite, or compound flowers, form the largest of all botanical orders. 2, floret.

Composite, or compound flowers, form the largest of all botanical orders. 3, receptacle with fruit adhering.

Fruit Receptacle

Composite, or compound flowers, form the largest of all botanical orders. 3, receptacle with fruit adhering.

Composite, or compound flower, from one of the largest botanical orders. 4, single fruit.

Single Fruit

Composite, or compound flower, from one of the largest botanical orders. 4, single fruit.

Compound flower anatomy. 5, capitulum of nassauvia.

Compound Flower

Compound flower anatomy. 5, capitulum of nassauvia.

Compound flower anatomy. 6, flower.

Flower Example

Compound flower anatomy. 6, flower.

Compound flower anatomy. 7, flower, palate removed.

Flower

Compound flower anatomy. 7, flower, palate removed.

Compound flower anatomy. 8, corolla and andracium opened.

Compound Flower Anatomy

Compound flower anatomy. 8, corolla and andracium opened.

Compound flower anatomy. 9, fruit.

Fruits

Compound flower anatomy. 9, fruit.

Compound flower anatomy. 10, stamens.

Stamen

Compound flower anatomy. 10, stamens.

Compound flower anatomy. 11, capitulum of cornflower.

Capitulum

Compound flower anatomy. 11, capitulum of cornflower.

Compound flower anatomy. 12, floret.

Floret Anatomy

Compound flower anatomy. 12, floret.

Compound flower anatomy. 13, neuter floret.

Neuter Floret

Compound flower anatomy. 13, neuter floret.

Typical form of corolla. 1, Gamopetalous, irregular, labiate (dead nettle).

Corolla Flower

Typical form of corolla. 1, Gamopetalous, irregular, labiate (dead nettle).

Typical form of Corolla. 2, Polypetalous, regular (buttercup).

Buttercup

Typical form of Corolla. 2, Polypetalous, regular (buttercup).

Typical Forms of Corolla. 3, Unguiculate notched petal (pink).

Flower Petal

Typical Forms of Corolla. 3, Unguiculate notched petal (pink).

Typical form of Corolla. 4, Hypogynous petals (buttercup).

Petal

Typical form of Corolla. 4, Hypogynous petals (buttercup).

Typical forms of Corolla. 6, Perigynous (peach).

Peach

Typical forms of Corolla. 6, Perigynous (peach).

Typical Form of Corolla. 7, Campanulate corolla (hareball).

Hareball

Typical Form of Corolla. 7, Campanulate corolla (hareball).

Typical Forms of Corolla. 8, Infundibuliform (bindweed).

Bindweed

Typical Forms of Corolla. 8, Infundibuliform (bindweed).

Typical form of Corolla. 9, Tubular (daisy, disc floret).

Daisy

Typical form of Corolla. 9, Tubular (daisy, disc floret).

Typical forms of corolla. 10, Urceolate (heath).

Heath

Typical forms of corolla. 10, Urceolate (heath).

Typical form of Corolla. 11, Rotate (borage).

Borage

Typical form of Corolla. 11, Rotate (borage).

Typical form of Corolla. 12, Ligulate (daisy, ray floret).

Daisy Floret

Typical form of Corolla. 12, Ligulate (daisy, ray floret).

Typical form of Corolla. 13, Cruciform (cabbage).

Cabbage

Typical form of Corolla. 13, Cruciform (cabbage).

Typical forms of Corolla. 14, Salver-shaped (primrose).

Primrose

Typical forms of Corolla. 14, Salver-shaped (primrose).