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(1742-1792) Major in the Maryline Military line that led forced against British forces

Mordecai Gist

(1742-1792) Major in the Maryline Military line that led forced against British forces

The mandrill is known for its various and brilliant coloration. Its coat is olive brown and it has a brightly colored naked rump, Usually blue or purple, or sometimes red. It has a red line down its muzzle that runs around the nostrils. The sides of the face are blue.

Mandrill

The mandrill is known for its various and brilliant coloration. Its coat is olive brown and it has a…

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which meet in the center of the back forming a line.

Tiger Beetles

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which…

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which meet in the center of the back forming a line.

Caterpillar Hunter Beetles

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which…

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which meet in the center of the back forming a line.

Lightning Spring Beetles

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which…

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which meet in the center of the back forming a line.

Weevil

Beetles form a large group of insects that number over 300,000 species. They all have hard wings which…

Adam Fraunceys (14th century) bore Party gold and sable bendwise with a lion countercoloured. The parting line is here commonly shown as sinister

Fraunceys

Adam Fraunceys (14th century) bore Party gold and sable bendwise with a lion countercoloured. The parting…

Illustration of the vanishing point and the horizon line.

Single Point Perspective

Illustration of the vanishing point and the horizon line.

Illustration of the vanishing point and the horizon line.

Perspective

Illustration of the vanishing point and the horizon line.

Which line is longer? The black line on the right appears longer than the line beside it, but both lines are exactly the same length.

Visual Illusion: Line Length

Which line is longer? The black line on the right appears longer than the line beside it, but both lines…

Brer Rabbit finds Brer Tortoise at the finish line.

Brer Tortoise

Brer Rabbit finds Brer Tortoise at the finish line.

The Hare and the Tortoise. The tortoise crosses the finish line ahead of the hare. Slow and steady wins the race.

Aesop's Fables

The Hare and the Tortoise. The tortoise crosses the finish line ahead of the hare. Slow and steady wins…

Grasshopper, showing auditory organ (a,o) in first segment of abdomen.

Auditory Organ

Grasshopper, showing auditory organ (a,o) in first segment of abdomen.

Centipedes have flattened bodies, with one pair of legs to each segment. They are carnivorous.

Centipede

Centipedes have flattened bodies, with one pair of legs to each segment. They are carnivorous.

This Centipedes has a flattened bodies, with one pair of legs to each segment, but it has less than 100 leg pairs. They are carnivorous.

Centipede

This Centipedes has a flattened bodies, with one pair of legs to each segment, but it has less than…

External features of a perch.

Perch

External features of a perch.

digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of a perch.

Perch

digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of a perch.

Circulatory system of a perch.

Perch

Circulatory system of a perch.

Common skate (ray). The skates and rays have a broad body, partly due to the merging of the body into the large, horizontally flattened pectoral fins.

Skate

Common skate (ray). The skates and rays have a broad body, partly due to the merging of the body into…

The jaws and teeth of the common skate (ray).

Skate

The jaws and teeth of the common skate (ray).

Mouth and gill slits of the common skate (ray).

Skate

Mouth and gill slits of the common skate (ray).

The perch is typical of a large group of fishes, all of which have spiny rays. The perch is widely distributed in fresh-water lakes and streams.

Mackerel

The perch is typical of a large group of fishes, all of which have spiny rays. The perch is widely distributed…

A typical example of a spiny-rayed fish is the codfish.

Codfish

A typical example of a spiny-rayed fish is the codfish.

The salmon is well known both from its commercial importance and from its remarkable migrations up rivers to spawn.

Salmon

The salmon is well known both from its commercial importance and from its remarkable migrations up rivers…

Flounder keep near the bottom, swimming on one side, and the two eyes are both on the side that is uppermost.

Flounder

Flounder keep near the bottom, swimming on one side, and the two eyes are both on the side that is uppermost.

The gar fish has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making a strong and complete armor.

Gar

The gar fish has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making…

the sturgeon has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making a strong and complete armor.

Sturgeon

the sturgeon has a cylindrical body covered by rhomboidal bony scales that are coated with enamel, making…

The bowfin, a primitive freshwater fish, also known as the freshwater dogfish is a voracious fish.

Bowfin

The bowfin, a primitive freshwater fish, also known as the freshwater dogfish is a voracious fish.

In the lungfish, the development of the air bladder as a lung is much more complete than others in the same group.

Lungfish

In the lungfish, the development of the air bladder as a lung is much more complete than others in the…

Line drawing of a large Romanesque church. The illustration is similar to the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen in Speyer, Germany, although it differs in some details. The original source <em>(Winston's Encyclopedia)</em> incorrectly identifies the structure as the "Cathedral of Worms."

Romanesque Church

Line drawing of a large Romanesque church. The illustration is similar to the Imperial Cathedral Basilica…

Segment arch.

Arch

Segment arch.

Scorpions are characterized by having a distinctly segmented abdomen, which passes into the cephalothorax, without any well-marked line of boundary.

Scorpion

Scorpions are characterized by having a distinctly segmented abdomen, which passes into the cephalothorax,…

Recapture of artillery by the First Ohio and other regiments under General Rousseau, April 7, 1862. The flight of the 53rd and 57th Ohio Regiments left Waterhouse's battery, which was planted on a hill to the left of Shiloh Chapel, unprotected; but the 43rd and 49th Illinois Regiments came to his aid, and supported it until Colonel Wreish of the 43rd was killed, when they fell back in tolerable order. The Confederates now charged and took Waterhouse's battery, thus flanking General Sherman, who fell back to the Purdy Road in good order. Here the sudden death of Captain Behr, who was getting his battery in position on the left wing of the new line, created a panic in his company, which broke and left five guns. Not being supported by any other division, General Sherman was forced back to the right of McClernand, where he again formed and shared the fortunes of the day.

Battle of Pittsburg Landing

Recapture of artillery by the First Ohio and other regiments under General Rousseau, April 7, 1862.…

The first electric railway built in Berlin in 1879. The line was 2 feet wide and 2,700 feet long.

Siemens and Halske's Electric Engine

The first electric railway built in Berlin in 1879. The line was 2 feet wide and 2,700 feet long.

A line of toad eggs

Toad Eggs

A line of toad eggs

The chevet of Notre Dame viewed from the shore line.

Chevet of Notre Dame

The chevet of Notre Dame viewed from the shore line.

A boss is a projection in the shape of a segment of a sphere, or somewhat so whether for use or ornament, often carved or cast.

Boss

A boss is a projection in the shape of a segment of a sphere, or somewhat so whether for use or ornament,…

A boss is a projection in the shape of a segment of a sphere, or somewhat so whether for use or ornament, often carved or cast.

Boss

A boss is a projection in the shape of a segment of a sphere, or somewhat so whether for use or ornament,…

"Gallant charge of the Sixth Regiment, United States Regular Cavalry, upon the Confederate Stuart's Cavalry- the Confederates scattered in confusion and sought safety in the woods, May 9th, 1862. At three o'clock P.M. on May 9th, 1862, eighty men of the Sixth Regular Cavalry had advanced to Slatersville, when a considerable force of the enemy was observed directly in front. The Sixth charged upon the Confederates, and obliged them to retreat precipitately. The charge made by the Federal cavalry at the commencement of the skirmish was splendidly executed, and elicited the praise of the general in command of the troops. The Confederate cavalry was advancing toward the Federals when they formed in line and waited the approach of the enemy. when he had arived sufficiently near they made dash upon him, cutting their way through the line and causing the utmost confusion to prevail, after which they returned to quarters by a road leading through the woods on the right of the enemy." &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Sixth Regiment

"Gallant charge of the Sixth Regiment, United States Regular Cavalry, upon the Confederate Stuart's…

"Captain Muller's Battery Company of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment making fascines and gabions for breastworks. Fascines have long been employed in temporary defenses, the word being derived from <em>facis</em>, the Latin for <em>bundle</em>. In fortification, fascines stand for a fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood, bound at both eds and in the middle, used in raising batteries, in filling ditches and making parapets. Sometimes they are dipped in melted pitch or tar, and made use of to set fire to the enemy's works or lodgments. A gabion in fortification is a hollow cylinder of wickerwork, resembling a basket but having no bottom. This is filled with earth, and so serves to shelter the men from the enemy's fire. During the preparatory work of concentrating and organizing the army in Kentucky opportunities were afforded for perfecting the men in knowledge of this practical part of war and erecting fortifications. Captain Muller, who was in command of the battery attached to Colonel Stambaugh's Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment, was an accomplished officer, having served with much distinction in the Prussian Army. Our illustration represents the men cutting down the oak saplings, using the trunks, branches and twigs in fastening the gabions, the pointed stakes of which are ranged in a continuous line, forming a complete breastwork." &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

77th Pennsylvania Regiment

"Captain Muller's Battery Company of the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment making fascines and gabions…

"Gordon's and Crawford's Brigades driving the Confederate forces from the woods at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9th, 1862. As soon as the order to advance was given the brigade moved forward, until it came to the open field, in perfect silence. As soon as it was clear from the woods, with a cheer that could have been heard all over the battle ground, it took the double-quick, and though at every step its ranks grew thinner from the murderous fire through which it passed, yet there was no faltering, no hesitancy; onward, across the field, up the slope and into and through the woods it went, until it met the second line of the enemy's overpowering forces. Forced at last to yield to overwhelming odds, it retired over the ground gained at such a frightful cost until it reached the cover from which it started. Here what remained held their position until the third brigade could come to its support. When exhausted, cut to pieces, its officers all gone, with no one to direct it, those who survived gathered as fast as thy could, and in the morning all that was left of that brigade was less than seven hundred men." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Cedar Mountain

"Gordon's and Crawford's Brigades driving the Confederate forces from the woods at the Battle of Cedar…

"Storming of Fort Donelson- decisive bayonet charge of the Iowa Second Regiment on the Confederate intrenchments at Fort Donelson, February 15th, 1862, resulting in the capture of the works on the following morning. The Iowa Second Regiment led the charge, followed by the rest in their order. The sight was sublime. Onward they sped, heedless of the bullets and balls of the enemy above. The hill was so steep, the timber cleared, that the Confederates left a gap in their lines of rifle pits on this crest of hill. Through this gap they were bound to go. Right up they went, climbing upon all fours, their line of dark-blue clothing advancing regularly forward, the white line of smoke from the top of the works opposed by a line of the Federal troops. "They reach the top. Numbers fall. The surprise was breathless. See, they climb over the works- they fall- they are lost! Another group, and still another and another, close up the gap. All is covered in smoke. The lodgment is made; the troops swarm up the hillside, their bright bayonets glittering in the sun. The firing slackens. Close behind the brigade Captain Stone's batery of rifled 10-pounders was tugging up the hill, the horses plunging, the riders whipping. Upward they go, where never vehicle went before- up the precipitous and clogged sides of the hill. No sooner on the crest than the guns were unlimbered, the men at their posts. Percussion shells and canister were shot spitefully from the Parrott guns at the flying enemy. The day was gained, cheers upon cheers rent the air, and in a few minutes all was hushed."" &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Storming of Fort Donelson

"Storming of Fort Donelson- decisive bayonet charge of the Iowa Second Regiment on the Confederate intrenchments…

"Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark., fought March 6th, 7th and 8th, 1862, between the Federal forces, 13,000 strong, under Generals Curtis, Sigel, and Asboth, and the combined Confederate army of the Southwest, 25,000 strong, under Generals Van Dorn, Price and McCulloch- total defeat of the Confederates. The official report of this battle by General Curtis is as follows: "On Thursday, March 6th, the enemy commenced an attack on my right wing, assailling and following the rear guard of a detachment under General Sigel to my main lines on Sugar Creek Hollow, but ceased firing when he met my re-enforcements about 4 P.M. Early on the 7th I ordered an immediate advance of the cavalry and light artillery, under Colonel Osterhaus, with orders to attack and break what I supposed would be the re-enforced line of the enemy. This movement was in progress when the enemy commenced an attack on my right. The fight continued mainly at these points during the day, the enemy having gained the point held by the command of Colonel Carr at Cross Timber Hollow, but was entirely repulsed, with the fall of the commander, McCulloch. At sunrise on the 8th my right and centre renewed the firing, which was immediately answered by the enemy with renewed energy. I immediately ordered the centre and right wing forward, the right turning the left of the enemy and cross firing on his centre. This final position of the enemy was in the arc of a circle. A charge of infantry extending throughout the whole line completely routed the entire Confederate force, which retired in great confusion, but rather safely through the deep, impassable defiles of cross timber."" — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Pea Ridge

"Battle of Pea Ridge, Ark., fought March 6th, 7th and 8th, 1862, between the Federal forces, 13,000…

"Taking away the colors of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment for insubordination and mutiny, Washington, D. C., August 14th, 1861. The scene during the reading of the order of General McClellan was exceedingly impressive. The sun was just going down, and in hazy mountain twilight the features and forms of officers and men could scarcely be distinguished. Immediately behind his aid was General Porter, firm and self-possessed. Colonel Stevens was in front of the regiment, endeavoring to quiet his rather nervous horse. In the rear of the regulars, and a little distance apart, General Sickles sat carelessly on horseback, cooly smoking a cigar and conversing with some friends. At one time during the reading a murmur passed through the lines of the mutineers; and when the portion of the order directing the regiment to surrentder its colors was read a private in one of the rear lines cried out, in broad Scotch tones, "Let's keep the colors, boys!" No response was made by the remainder of the regiment. Major Sykes at once rode up the line to where the voice was heard. It would have been more than the soldier's life was worth had he been discovered at the moment in pistol range by any of the officers." &mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Seventy-ninth Regiment

"Taking away the colors of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment for insubordination and mutiny, Washington,…

"Battle of Gaines's Mill, Friday, June 27th, 1862. At eleven o'clock each division, brigade, regiment and gun was in place. Some were in the broad, open field and others under the cover of the woods. The day was intensely warm, and many of the men, worn out with their previous day's fighting, lack of sleep and toilsome march, had already thrown themselves upon the ground and were indulging in a short slumber, when a sharp volley and then the roar of artillery announced that the Confederates had opened the fight. Their shells burst in front of the farmhouse which General Morell had made his headquarters. The Federal batteries, after some little delay, replied and for an hour this artillery duel and shelling the woods continued. It was not till near three o'clock in the afternoon that the engagement became general, and then the battle raged for four hours with unexampled fury. As though by common consent, there was a pause now; but it did not last long, for the enemy had evidently received large re-enforcements, as the whole Federal line was attacked, with a vigor which showed that those who made it were fresh men. To prevent defeat, General Porter sent for re-enforcements, for under the additional pressure the Federal troops were giving way. Fortunately, General Slocum's division came to the rescue, and with it Generals Palmer, French and Meagher with their brigades and two bodies of cavalry. This changed the character of the struggle. Meagher's gallant gellows, coats off and sleeves rolled up, charged the enemy and drove them back. General Palmer's men and Duryee's Zouaves also went in with valor, and finally the Confederates rolled back like a retreating wave. This was the close of the day's fight. Toward the end the Federals had fifty-four regiments on the field, numbering about 36,000 men." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Battle of Gaines's Mill

"Battle of Gaines's Mill, Friday, June 27th, 1862. At eleven o'clock each division, brigade, regiment…

"The victory at Blue Ridge Pass, Sunday, September 14th, 1862- infantry charge, and rout of the Confederates. On Sunday, September 14th, 1862, having previously evacuated Frederick City, the rear of the Confederate army had reached the Blue Ridge Pass, on the line of the Federal road leading from Frederick City to Hagerstown and the fords of the Upper Potomac. Here it was overtaken by the Federal advance under Generals Hooker and Reno. The position was a strong one, and strongly guarded, but was carried after a severe action by the Federal forces, the Confederates falling back in disorder. In this engagement General Reno was killed on the Federal side, and General Garland on that of the Confederates." —Leslie, 1896

Blue Ridge Pass

"The victory at Blue Ridge Pass, Sunday, September 14th, 1862- infantry charge, and rout of the Confederates.…

"View of New Berne, N. C., from the interior of Fort Thompson after its capture by the Federal forces- burning of Rosin Works, railway bridge and naval stores, and showing vessels sunk in the channel of the Neuse River, to prevent the approach of Federal gunboats. Captain Rowan, in his account of the doings of his gunboats, after modestly narrating the important services he rendered General Burnside the day previous in the debarkation of the land forces, thus recounts his own separate share of the expedition to New Berne: "At 6:30 A.M. on Friday, April 14th, 1862, the fleet steadily moved up and gradually closed in toward the batteries. The lower fortification was discovered to have been abandoned by the enemy. A boat was dispatched to it, and the Stars and Stripes planted on the ramparts. As we advanced the upper batteries opened fire upon us. The fire was returned with effect, the magazine of one exploding. Having proceeded in an extended line as far as the obstructions in the river would permit, the signal was made to follow movements of the flagship, and the whole fleet advanced in order, concentating our fire on Fort Thompson, mounting 13 guns, on which rested the enemy's land defenses. The army having with great gallantry driven them out of these defenses, the fort was abandoned."" —Leslie, 1896

Fort Thompson

"View of New Berne, N. C., from the interior of Fort Thompson after its capture by the Federal forces-…

"Battle of Savages Station. Brigadier General Smith's division hotly engaged with the enemy, at noon, June 28th, 1862. Our correspondent described this battle as follows: "Having left our wounded, about thirteen hundred men, in the hospital, to the tender mercies of the Confederates, our troops fell back at daybreak on Sunday from their line of entrenchments. This extended from a space of white oak swamp, near Richmond, to the Chickahominy Creek, at New Bridge. The divisions of Hooker, Kearney and Sedgwick were thrown into the woods, where a number of batteries were masked to oppose the enemy, who, advancing cautiously, clambered over the ditches and parapets, and, seeing them abandoned, signaled the main body, who came up at double quick. Taking possession of our defenses with a cheer, they raised their flag amid loud yells of demoniacal satisfaction. Then, in close order and in line of battle, they marched down the Williamsburg Road, past the scene of the Seven Pines fight, and so approached where our troops were concealed at a point denominated Peach Orchard, being an insignificant stopping place on the railroad, midway between Hancocks and Savages. When they had come so close that our troops could toss a biscuit from our line into theirs, our batteries were unmasked, and an awful blaze of flame and projectile rose from the depths of the woods. Before the Confederates could rally, our men had poured a dozen volleys of musketry into them, covering the ground with the slain."" &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Battle of Savages Station

"Battle of Savages Station. Brigadier General Smith's division hotly engaged with the enemy, at noon,…

"Battle of Cedar Mountain, fought Saturday, August 9th, 1862, between the Federal troops commanded by General Banks and the Confederate Army led by Generals Jackson, Ewell, Winder, etc.- final repulse of the Confederates. General Pope's report of the battle is as follows: "On Saturday, August 9th, 1862, the enemy advanced rapidly to Cedar Mountain, the sides of which they occupied in heavy force. General Banks was instructed to take up his position on the ground occupied by Crawford's brigade, of his command, which had been thrown out the day previous to observe the enemy's movements. He was directed not to advance beyond that point, and if attacked by the enemy to defend his position and send back timely notice. The artillery of the enemy was opened early in the afternoon, but he made no advance until nearly five o'clock, at which time a few skirmishers were thrown forward on each side under cover of the heavy wood in which his force was concealed. The enemy pushed forward a strong force in the rear of his skirmishers, and General Banks advanced to the attack. The engagement did not fairly open until after six o'clock, and for an hour and a half was furious and unceasing. I arrived personally on the field at 7 P.M., and found the action raging furiously. The infantry fire was incessant and severe. I found General Banks holding the position he took up early in the morning. His losses were heavy. Ricketts's division was immediately pushed forward and occupied the right of General Banks, the brigades of Crawford and Gordon being directed to change their position from the right and mass themselves in the centre. Before this change could be effected it was quite dark, though the artillery fire continued at short range without intermission. The artillery fire, at night, by the Second and Fifth Maine batteries in Ricketts's division of General McDowell's corps was most destructive, as was readily observable the next morning in the dead men and horses and broken gun carriages of the enemy's batteries which had been advanced against it. Our troops rested on their arms during the night in line of battle, the heavy shelling being kept up on both sides until midnight. At daylight the next morning the enemy fell back two miles from our front, and still higher up the mountain."" —Leslie, 1896

Battle of Cedar Mountain

"Battle of Cedar Mountain, fought Saturday, August 9th, 1862, between the Federal troops commanded by…

"Battle of Malvern Hill, near Turkey Bend, James River, Va., fought Tuesday, July 1st, 1862. The battle of Malvern Hill commenced with the advance of a large body of Confederates, extending quite across the country, with cavalry on each flank. The Federals at once jumped up wearily, and waited their appraoch, while all the signal officers, on their several stations, waved their cabalistic muslin. The Federal column was formed with General Couch, of General Keyes's corps, on the extreme left; Franklin and Heintzelman took up the centre, and on the right were the remnants of Porter and Sumner. Burns's brigade, being ordered to charge, advanced with the sixty-ninth Pennsylvania Regiment (Irish), Colonel Owen, and being gallantly seconded by Dana's, Meagher's and French's brigades, they dashed within fifty yards of the enemy and opened a splendid fire of musketry. The left of the line was now advanced, and the troops of General Couch really behaved wonderfully, facing the enemy wherever he appeared, and pouring volleys into him all the time. After fighting two hours, with a loss of about 400, the night fell, and having moved across Turkey Island Creek, they broke up the bridge, and soon the whole army closed up at and near Harrison's Bar, twenty-seven miles from Richmond." &mdash;Leslie, 1896

Battle of Malvern Hill

"Battle of Malvern Hill, near Turkey Bend, James River, Va., fought Tuesday, July 1st, 1862. The battle…

"Landing of Federal troops at Parkersburg, Western Virginia. Parkersburg, Va., in 1861 was a thriving post village on the Ohio River, situated at the mouth of the Little Kanawha River, and altogether presented a most picturesque appearance, the houses being very neatly built and well placed. It is about one hundred miles from Wheeling and two hundred and fifty-eight miles from Richmond in a direct W.N.W. line. It contained a courthouse, churches of several denominations, a bank, a printing office and several steam mills. Its population was nearly four thousand. It has excellent turnpike roads to Staunton and Winchester and the Northwestern branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad terminates here. Our view represents the arrival of Federal troops previous to the total clearance of the Kanawha Valley from the presence of Wise and his Confederate troops." —Leslie, 1896

Landing at Parkersburg

"Landing of Federal troops at Parkersburg, Western Virginia. Parkersburg, Va., in 1861 was a thriving…

"Battle of White Oak Swamp Bridge, Monday June 30th, 1862- Ayres's, Mott's and Randall's batteries checking the advance of the Confederates. After the battle of Savage's Station the Federals continued on their retreat, and by eight o'clock on the morning of June 30th, 1862, they had crossed White Oak Swamp and Creek, after destroying the bridge over the latter and warding off the repeated attacks to which they were subjected throughout the night. After crossing White Oak Creek the Federals had quickly formed a new line of battle at Willis Church, General Hancock's forces being on the extreme right, while Porter's occupied the left, and Heintzelman's and Sumner's the intervening space. Jackson's advance was checked by the destruction of the bridge, and when he reached the creek, at about noon, he found the approaches well defended by artillery. Jackson opened upon Hancock's troops, and made repeated efforts to rebuild the bridge under cover of his heavy artillery, but he was every time repulsed. While this was going on Longstreet and Hill had come upon a Federal force at a place two miles away, called Frazier's Farm. Here stood Sumner and Hooker, on the extreme right, McCall somewhat in advance toward the centre and Kearny on the extreme left. When Longstreet found this force arrayed against him he waited for re-enforcements to come up, and it was four o'clock when he commenced the attack. McCall's left was first assailed by Kenper's brigade, which was met by the Pennsylvania Reserves under Colonel Simmons, who, after a bitter conflict, drove the Confederates into the woods with a loss of 250 killed and wounded and about 200 prisoners. Fresh troops then enabled the Confederates to drive back the Federals, who in turn lost heavily. Longstreet and Hill now pressed on, and the conflict became a severe one along the entire front. One point, then another, was vainly tried in the determined effort to break the Federal line. At length Wilcox's Alabama Brigade rushed across an open field upon McCall's left, directly against Randall's battery, which centered upon the Confederates a most galling fire. Nothing daunted, they moved on, and finally engaging in a desperate hand-to-hand fight, first captured Cooper's battery, and afterward Randall's battery, which had been doing such terrible execution. A charge was then ordered for the recapture of the guns. The Confederates bravely met the severe attacks that followed. A still more desperate hand-to-hand struggle took place for the possession of the lost batteries, which were finally recaptured. By dark the Confederates had retired into the woods, and the Federals remained on that portion of the field which they had lost earlier in the action. The Federal loss was about 1,800 killed and wounded, whilst that of the Confederates was over 2,000. Colonel Simmons and General Meade were both severely wounded, while General McCall was a made prisoner." —Leslie, 1896

Battle of White Oak Swamp Bridge

"Battle of White Oak Swamp Bridge, Monday June 30th, 1862- Ayres's, Mott's and Randall's batteries checking…

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A desperate and disastrous action occurred on the banks of the Potomac, at Dam No. 4. General Butterfield's brigade, consisting of the Forty-fourth New York, Seventeenth New York, Eighteenth Massachusetts and One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, were ordered to make a reconnoissance on the Virginia side. Crossing over at Dam No. 4, which is about six miles northwest in a straight line from Sharpsburg, and eight south from Williamsport, they had hardly landed when a most murderous fire was opened upon them from an entire division of the Confederate army, every volley of which told, as they had the Federals completely under range. The Federals made a desperate resistance, but they were compelled to retire before superior numbers, and retreated in moderate order across the river." —Leslie, 1896

Battle at Dam No. 4

"Battle at Dam No. 4, Potomac River, between Butterfield's brigade and a large Confederate force. A…

"Several species of crabs are taken from Florida coastal waters, probably the most common being the large blue crab, easily caught by line or net as the tide comes in, and always available at local markets."

Blue Crab

"Several species of crabs are taken from Florida coastal waters, probably the most common being the…

"Battle of Antietam, Md. Burnside's division carrying the bridge over the Antietam Creek and storming the Confederate position, after a desperate conflict of four hours, Wednesday, September 17th, 1862. On the left, during the afternoon, Burnside carried the bridge, after an obstinate contest of four hours' duration and a loss of about five hundred killed and wounded. Hawkins's Zouaves then crossed, and finding the enemy ready drawn up under cover of the hills, advanced in line of battle on their new position, about half a mile distant. The ground over which they advanced was open clover and plowed fields, the latter very difficult and fatiguing to march in, owing to the softness of the ground. The enemy's guns, fourteen in number, kept up a terrible fire on the advancing line, which never wavered, but slowly toiled along, receving shelter, however, when they were in the hollows. They were halted a few moments to rest in the hollow nearest the enemy's position, and then were ordered to charge with a yell. As they came up the hillin front of the enemy's batteries they received a heavy volley from a large force of infantry behind a stone wall about two hundred feet in front of the enemy's batteries. The Federals, though terribly decimated, gave them a volley in return, and then went on with the bayonet. The enemy did not stay to contest the ground, and although two to one, broke and ran, leaving their guns." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Antietam

"Battle of Antietam, Md. Burnside's division carrying the bridge over the Antietam Creek and storming…

"Bombardment and capture of Fort Thompson, thirteen guns, near New Berne, on the Neuse River, by the Federal gunboats of General Burnside's expedition, commanded by Commander S. C. Rowan, U. S. N., March 14th, 1862. Extract from the official report of General Burnside. 'Early on the morning of the 12th, the entire force started for New Berne, and that night anchored off the mouth of Slocum's Creek, some eighteen miles from New Berne, where I had decided to make a landing. The landing commenced by seven o'clock the next morning under cover of the naval fleet, and was effected with the greatest enthusiasm by the troops. After a toilsome march through the mud, the head of the column marched within a mile and a half of the enemy's stronghold at eight o'clock, a distance of twelve miles from the point of landing, where we bivouached for the night. At daylight on the morning of the 14th I ordered an advance of the whole division, and, after an engagement of four hours, we succeeded in carrying a continuous line of field-works of over a mile in length. The position was finally carried by a most gallant charge of our men, which enabled us to gain the rear of all the batteries between this point and New Berne, which was done by a rapid advance of the entire force up the main road and railroad, the naval fleet meantime pushing its way up the river, throwing their shots into the forts in front of us. The enemy, after retreating in great confusion across the railroad bridge set fire to it, thus preventing further pursuit and causing detention in occupying the town by our troops. But the naval force had arrived at the wharves and commanded the town with their guns."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Thompson

"Bombardment and capture of Fort Thompson, thirteen guns, near New Berne, on the Neuse River, by the…

"Encampment of Colonel Max Weber's German Turner Rifle Regiment, Twentieth New York Volunteers, at Hampton Creek, Va.- officers' quarters at the summer residence of Ex-President Tyler."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Encampment of Colonel Max Weber's Rifle Regiment

"Encampment of Colonel Max Weber's German Turner Rifle Regiment, Twentieth New York Volunteers, at Hampton…

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's Zouaves on the Confederate battery on the hill, right bank of Antietam Creek, near Sharpsburg, September 17th, 1862, utter route of the Confederates. This brilliant and decisive charge was made about five o'clock in the afternoon of Wednesday, September 17th. Our correspondent thus described the charge: 'On the left, during the afternoon, Burnside carried the bridge after an obstinate contest of several hours duration, and a loss of about five hundred killed and wounded. Hawkins's Zouaves then crossed and found the enemy ready drawn up under cover of the hills, and advanced in line of battle on the enemy's new position, about a half a mile distant. The ground over which they advanced was open clover and plowed fields, the latter very difficult and fatiguing to march in, owing to the softness of the ground. The enemy's guns, fourteen in number, kept up a terrible fire on our advancing line, which never wavered, but slowly toiled along, receiving shelter, however, when they were in the hollows. They were halted a few moments to rest in the hollow nearest the enemy's position, and then were ordered to charge with a yell. As they came up the hill in front of the enemy's batteries, they received a heavy volley from a large force of infantry behind a stone wall, about two hundred feet in front of the enemy's batteries. Our men, though terribly decimated, gave a volley in return, and then went on with the bayonet. The enemy did not stay to contest the ground, and, although two to one, broke and ran, leaving their guns.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Antietam

"Battle of Antietam, Burnside's Division, left wing- brilliant and decisive bayonet charge of Hawkins's…

"Tybee Island, Savannah River, Ga.- Views of the lighthouse and barracks- destruction of the lighthouse by the Confederates. Among the numerous structures erected by the United States on the long line of the stormy Atlantic coast for the benefit of the commerce of the world and the safety of the mariners of all nations, none were finer or more useful than the lighthouse on Tybee Island, at the mouth of the Savannah River, familiarly known to sailors as Tybee Light. It was a fixed light, one hundred and eight feet high, and could be seen at a distance of twelve miles. In common with all the other lights on the Confederate coast, it was extinguished by the Georgians soon after the secession of their State. The day after the Federal fleet made its appearance off the mouth of the Savannah River, the Confederates set fire to the interior of the lighthouse, which was burnt, and the costly reflectors destroyed. A similar vandalic measure was resorted to by the Confederates of Charleston, when the Stone Fleet appeared off that harbor. They blew up the celebrated 'Charleston Light.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Tybee Island

"Tybee Island, Savannah River, Ga.- Views of the lighthouse and barracks- destruction of the lighthouse…

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. Decisive charge and capture of Byrne's Confederate battery by the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania and Twnety-first Ohio Volunteers, Friday evening, January 2nd, 1863. Our correspondent's report: 'The capture of Byrne's Confederate battery was a most gallant achievement, and worthy of the finest troops in the world. This battery consisted of two 12-pound Napoleons, two howitzers and one 6-pound rifled cannon. These were admirably served, and did considerable execution. Over it flaunted the colors of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee and the standard of the Fourth Florida Regiment. It was situated on a rising ground in a cornfield, while a forest at the back afforded an excellent retreat. After our troops, under Negley and others, had succeeded in crossing Stone River on Friday afternoon and driven the enemy before them, a general rush was made to storm this battery, which still maintained its fire. The first regiments to reach this were the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteers, under lead of Colonel Miller, who, though wounded, still kept the field, and acted throughout with a valor worthy the days of Washington. Up went our brave boys, bayonet in hand, to the very muzzles of the guns, which still belched death to the advancing line. The guns once reached, the gunners were driven from them by our men, and the battery was our own. The colors of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee Regiment were captured after a desperate resistance, the Confederate color bearer fighting for them till a bayonet thrust through his arm compelled him to drop them.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Stone River

"Battle of Stone River, Tenn. Decisive charge and capture of Byrne's Confederate battery by the Seventy-eighth…