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Rectangular banner, made of small ornate decorations and larger floral cornerpieces.

Rectangular Banner

Rectangular banner, made of small ornate decorations and larger floral cornerpieces.

A piano having the strings mounted vertically in a rectangular case with the keyboard at a right angle to the case.

Upright Piano

A piano having the strings mounted vertically in a rectangular case with the keyboard at a right angle…

Rectangular design with leaves.

Leaf design

Rectangular design with leaves.

In several Egyptian temples there are square or rectangular piers fronted with colossal sculptured figures of Osirid holding a scourge and a "Nile key" or "key of life."

Osirid Pier

In several Egyptian temples there are square or rectangular piers fronted with colossal sculptured figures…

"Clark's House, Lexington. This building was standing when I visited Lexington in 1848. It was built by Thomas Hancock, Esq., of Boston, as a parsonage for his father, the Reverend John Hancock, of Lexington, about 130 years ago. Mr. Hancock was a minister at Lexington fifty-two years, and was succeeded by the Reverend Jonas Clark, the occupant of the house at the time of the skirmish at Lexington. Mr. Clark lived in the house fifty-two years. The room in which the two patriots, Samuel Adams and John Hancock, were sleeping on the night before the skirmish at Lexington, is retained in its original condition. The wainscoting is of Carolina pine, and the sides of the room are covered with a heavy paper, with dark figures, pasted upon the boards in rectangular pieces about fourteen inches square. In an adjoining room is one of those ancient fire-places, ornamented with pictorial tiles, so rarely found in New England."—Lossing, 1851

Clark's House

"Clark's House, Lexington. This building was standing when I visited Lexington in 1848. It was built…

"The earliest account of lake dwellings is to be found in Herodotus, who describes a Thracian tribe living, in 520 B.C., in a small mountain lake of what is now Rumelia. The custom of constructing these habitations has come down to the present day. The fisherman of Lake Prasias, near Salonica, still inhabit wooden cottages built over the water, as the Thracian tribes did, and in the East Indies the practice of building lake settlements is very common. The lake dwellings proper of Switzerland came to light during the winter months of 1853-1854, when the water of the lakes fell much below its ordinary level. Dr. Keller, who first described these lake dwellings, says that the main platform was made of round timbers, rarely of split boards, covered with a bed of mud; the walls and sides were in great measure of interlaced branches, the interstices filled with moss, and daubed with clay. In his opinion, all the evidence goes to show they were rectangular in shape. It is probable that the huts were thatched, and the parts used as dormitories strewn with straw or hay."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lake Dwellings

"The earliest account of lake dwellings is to be found in Herodotus, who describes a Thracian tribe…

"A low column, sometimes round, but more frequently rectangular. Cippi were used for various purposes; the decrees of the senate were sometimes inscribed upon them; and with distances engraved upon them, they also served as mile-stones. They were however, more frequently employed as sepulchral monuments. It was also usual to place at one corner of the burying-ground a cippus, on which the extent of the burying-ground was marked, towards the road, and backwards to the fields." — Smith, 1873

Cippus

"A low column, sometimes round, but more frequently rectangular. Cippi were used for various purposes;…

"An ancient Greek or Roman temple, of rectangular construction, is terminated at its upper extremity by a triangular figure, both in front and rear, which rests upon the cornice of the entablature as a base, and has its sides formed by the cornices which terminate the roof. The whole of this triangle above the trabeation is implied in the term fastigium." — Smith, 1873.

Fastigium

"An ancient Greek or Roman temple, of rectangular construction, is terminated at its upper extremity…

"The <em>palla</em>, as well as the <em>pallium</em> and <em>palliolum</em>, was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or, at least, nearly square. It was, indeed, used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver. Among the Greeks and Romans the most common material for the <em>palla</em> was wool. It was often folded about the body simply with a view to defend it from cold, and without any regard to gracefulness of appearance, as in the following cut, taken from an ancient intaglio." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Palla

"The palla, as well as the pallium and palliolum, was always a rectangular…

"A square used by carpenters, masons, and other artificers to make their work rectangular. It was made by taking three flat wooden rulers of equal thickness, one of them being two feet ten inches long, the others each two feet long, and joining them together by their extremities, so as to assume the form of a right-angled triangle. This method, though only a close approximation, must have been quite sufficient for all common purposes. For the sake of convenience, the longest side, i. e. the hypotenuse of the triangle, was discarded, and the instrument then assumed the form in which it is exhibited, among other tools, on a tomb found at Rome, and which resembles that in modern use. A square of a still more simple fashion made by merely cutting a rectangular piece out of a board is shown on another sepulchral monument and copied in the woodcut which is here introduced." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Norma

"A square used by carpenters, masons, and other artificers to make their work rectangular. It was made…

"An outer garment. The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys no accurate conception of the form, material, or use of that which they denoted. The article designated by them was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or at least nearly square. It was indeed used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver, without and aid from the tailor except to repair the injuries which it sustained by time. Whatever additional richness and beauty it received from the art of the dyer, " &mdash; Smith, 1873

Pallium

"An outer garment. The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys…

"The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys no accurate conception of the form, material, or use of that which they denoted. The article designated by them was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or at least nearly square. It was indeed used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver, without any aid from the tailor except to repair the injuries which it sustained by time. Whatever additional richness and beauty it received from the art of the dyer, was bestowed upon it before its materials were woven into cloth or even spun into thread. Most commonly it was used without having undergone any process of this kind. The raw material, such as wool, flax, or cotton, was manufactured in its natural state, and hence pallia were commonly white, although from the same cause brown, drab, and gray, were also prevailing colours." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Palium

"The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys no accurate conception…

"Serra, a saw. It was made of iron. The form of the larger saw used for cutting timber is seen in the annexed woodcut, which is taken from a miniature in the celebrated Dioscorides written at the beginning of the sixth century. It is of the kind called the frame-saw, because it is fixed in a rectangular frame. It was held by a workman at each end. The woodcut also shows the blade of the saw detached from its frame, with a ring at each end for fixing it in the frame. On each side of the last-mentioned figure is represented a hand-saw adapted to be used by a single person." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Serra

"Serra, a saw. It was made of iron. The form of the larger saw used for cutting timber is seen in the…

"The prism of the first order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects the two horizontal crystallographic axes equally." &mdash; Ford, 1912

First order prism

"The prism of the first order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects…

"The prism of the second order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects one horizontal crystallographic axis and is parallel to the other two axes." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Second order prism

"The prism of the second order consists of four rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects…

"The dietetragonal prism is a form consisting of eight rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects one horizontal crystallographic axis and is parallel to the other two axes." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Ditetragonal prism

"The dietetragonal prism is a form consisting of eight rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects…

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally and the intermediate horizontal axis at one-half this distance." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Prism of the first order

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal axes equally and the immediate horizontal axis at one half this distance." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Prism of the second order

"This is a form consisting of six rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects two of the horizontal…

"The dihexagonal prism has twelve rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects all three of the horizontal crystallographic axes at different lengths." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Dihexagonal prism

"The dihexagonal prism has twelve rectangular vertical faces, each of which intersects all three of…

"Orthorhombic. Crystals commonly tabular parallel to basal plane, showing also short prisms and low brachydomes." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Marcasite

"Orthorhombic. Crystals commonly tabular parallel to basal plane, showing also short prisms and low…

"Orthorhombic. Crystals commonly tabular parallel to basal plane, showing also short prisms and low brachydomes. The brachydomes usually striated parallel to the brachy-axis. Often twinned, given coxcomb and spear-shaped groups." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Marcasite

"Orthorhombic. Crystals commonly tabular parallel to basal plane, showing also short prisms and low…

"Tetragonal. Common forms are prisms and pyramids of first and second orders." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Cassiterite

"Tetragonal. Common forms are prisms and pyramids of first and second orders." — Ford, 1912

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second order, pyramid of first." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Wernerite

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second…

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second order, pyramid of first. Rarely shows the faces of the pyramid of the third order." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Wernerite

"Tetragonal; tripyramidal. Crystals usually prismatic. Prominent forms are prisms of the first and second…

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second orders, pyramid of first order and base." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Vesuvianite

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second…

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second orders, pyramid of first order and base." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Vesuvianite

"Tetragonal. Prismatic in habit. Often vertically striated. Common forms are prisms of first and second…

"Orthohombic. Habit of crystals is short prismatic; often in square prisms because of prominent development of the vertical pinacoids. Terminated by basal plane, pyramids and domes; frequently complex." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Columbite

"Orthohombic. Habit of crystals is short prismatic; often in square prisms because of prominent development…

"Orthohombic. Crystals usually tabular parallel to base; often diamond shaped because of the presence of a short prism. Both macro- and brachydomes usually present, either beveling the corners of the diamond-shaped crystals, or if the prism faces are wanting, beveling the edges of the tavles and forming rectangular prismatic-shaped crystals elongated parallel to either the brachy- or macro-axis." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Barite

"Orthohombic. Crystals usually tabular parallel to base; often diamond shaped because of the presence…

"Orthohombic. Crystals usually tabular parallel to base; often diamond shaped because of the presence of a short prism. Both macro- and brachydomes usually present, either beveling the corners of the diamond-shaped crystals, or if the prism faces are wanting, beveling the edges of the tavles and forming rectangular prismatic-shaped crystals elongated parallel to either the brachy- or macro-axis." &mdash; Ford, 1912

Barite

"Orthohombic. Crystals usually tabular parallel to base; often diamond shaped because of the presence…

A mechanical device for printing multiple copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. It was invented in the West by a German goldsmithand eventual printer, Johann Gutenberg in the 1450s. Apart from Gutenberg, the Dutch laurens Janszoon coster has also been credited with this invention.

Printing Press

A mechanical device for printing multiple copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. It was invented…

A regular body with six square faces; a rectangular parallelopiped, having all its edges equal.

Cube

A regular body with six square faces; a rectangular parallelopiped, having all its edges equal.

A rectangular library table made out of oak.

Library Table

A rectangular library table made out of oak.

A rectangular cantilever with supports on the end and the load on the middle.

Cantilever

A rectangular cantilever with supports on the end and the load on the middle.

"The stock is of iron, similar to the Admiralty anchor; the shank is of rectangular section, somewhat larger at the center than at the ends, and is made fork-shaped at one end to receive the arms; the arms are in one piece, and are connected to the shank by a bolt passing through their center." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Trotman's Anchor

"The stock is of iron, similar to the Admiralty anchor; the shank is of rectangular section, somewhat…

"The anchor is represented in the position in which it lies on the ground just before taking hold. The shank is made in one forging, is of rectangular section, having a shoulder for the stock to fit against, and is increased both in thickness and area at the crown; the arms with the palms are forged in one piece, and then bent to the required shape; one of the arms is passed through a hole in the crown and is kept in position by a bolt screwed through the end of the crown, so that its point reaches a little way into an indent made for it in the round part at the back of the arms." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Martin's Anchor

"The anchor is represented in the position in which it lies on the ground just before taking hold. The…

"The plain rectangular cross, with a view to its enrichment." &mdash; Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1893

Cross

"The plain rectangular cross, with a view to its enrichment." — Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1893

A pulley with a sheave having its perimeter a rectangular or nearly rectangular groove. Used for transmitting power by ropes or bands.

Flat Rope Pulley

A pulley with a sheave having its perimeter a rectangular or nearly rectangular groove. Used for transmitting…

"The coil is of flat, rectangular shape, with a narrow central opening just large enough to allow one of the magnets of the astatic system to swing freely. The other magnet swings over a graduated circle placed on the top of the coil, and serves also as an index. Sometimes a mirror and scale are substituted for the index and graduated circle. The sole on which the coil stands is movable on a fixed piece which can be levelled by means of three screws." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Astatic Multiplier

"The coil is of flat, rectangular shape, with a narrow central opening just large enough to allow one…

"One of the simplest forms of sluice as used in river diggings in the north-west of America. A rectangular trough of boards, whose dimensions depend chiefly on the size of the planks available, is set up on the higher part of the ground at one side of the claim to be worked, upon trestles or piers of rough stone-work, at such an inclination that the stream may carry off all but the largest stones, which are kept back by a grating of boards about 2 inches apart at a." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Sluice

"One of the simplest forms of sluice as used in river diggings in the north-west of America. A rectangular…

"A horizontal tubular, which is found to be extremely powerful as well as economical. It is a rectangular box 6 feet long, made of 2-inch iron pipes, fixed into hollow water spaces which form the ends; these pipes act as fire bars, and form the sides of the furnace. above the fire there are three series of horizontal pipes, each covered by a layer of tiles so placed as to convert the two intervening spaces into flues, along which the flames and smoke travel for 18 feet, the smoke escaping at the far end by an opening in the upper layer of tiles." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ladds's Boiler

"A horizontal tubular, which is found to be extremely powerful as well as economical. It is a rectangular…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Two kinds of successions of grooves used for rectangular bars in "two-high" train." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Two-high Trains

"Two kinds of successions of grooves used for rectangular bars in "two-high" train." — The Encyclopedia…

"The knife is a double-edged rectangular blade, about 12 inches by 5 inches, with a straight handle at one end, and a cross handle at the other in the plane of the blade." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Currying Knife

"The knife is a double-edged rectangular blade, about 12 inches by 5 inches, with a straight handle…

"Fresnel next conceived the admirable improvement of employing the principle of "total" or internal reflexion by glass prisms. The ray Fi falling on a prismoidal ring, ABC, is refracted and bent in the direction iR, and falling on the side AC, at an angle of incidence greater than the critical, is totally relfected in the direction Re, and, impinging on the side BC at e, it undergoes a second refraction, and emerges horizontally. The highest ray FA after refraction by AB and reflexion by AC must (in order to avoid superfluous glass) pass along AB, and after a second refraction at B emerge horizontally. The lowest ray FB after refraction by AC and a second refraction by BC also emerge horizontally." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Reflecting Prism

"Fresnel next conceived the admirable improvement of employing the principle of "total" or internal…

"In 1835 Mr. Stevenson, in a report to the Northern Lighthouse Board, proposed to add fixed reflecting prisms p below the lenses of Fresnel's revolving light, and he communicated this proposal to M. L. Fresnel, who approved of his suggestion, and assisted in carrying out the design in 1843. This combination added, however, but little to the power of the flash, and produced both a periodically flashing and constantly fixed light; but it must be remembered that the prism for fixed lights was the only kind of reflecting prism then known." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Stevensons Revolving Light

"In 1835 Mr. Stevenson, in a report to the Northern Lighthouse Board, proposed to add fixed reflecting…

"Perfect Form of Dioptric Holophote for an Oil Flame.—By combining the back prisms ga, hc just described with a semi-holophote abc subtending 180 degrees and a portion of the dioptric spherical mirror ijk, no light is lost on the burner, and all the rays are parallelized, so that this apparatus, being all of glass, is both geometrically and physically perfect." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Dioptric Holophote

"Perfect Form of Dioptric Holophote for an Oil Flame.—By combining the back prisms ga, hc just described…

"Professor Swan's Designs.—Among several ingenious arrangements and new forms of agents proposed by Professor Swan is the mode of sending rays from prisms through interstices left between other prisms placed in front, and also a form of agent which he termed the triesoptric prism, in which the rays would undergo two refractions and three reflexions. a are the front and b the triesoptric prisms. The two upper and lower prisms a are constructed of flint glass of high refractive power. It will be observed from the drawing that this ingenious arrangement is nevertheless open to objection, for cones of light of 30 degrees in front and of 65 degrees at the back are lost through the interstices." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Swans Designs

"Professor Swan's Designs.—Among several ingenious arrangements and new forms of agents proposed by…

"Condensing Straight Prisms.&mdash;These, either by reflexion or refraction or both, cause a ray fr proceeding in any compass bearing from a fixed light apparatus AA to emerge in the direction, e.g., parallel to the corresponding ray fb, which proceeds in the same compass bearing from another part of the apparatus and so of any other ray fc which is bent parallel to the ray fa." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Straight Prisms

"Condensing Straight Prisms.—These, either by reflexion or refraction or both, cause a ray fr…

"Fixed Conensing Light for a Single Sector, 1850.—The holophote Light pLp throws its whole light on straight condensing prisms c, each of which distributes the rays over the required sector." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Condensing Light

"Fixed Conensing Light for a Single Sector, 1850.—The holophote Light pLp throws its whole light on…

"Condensing Quadrant.—The fixed apparatus bbb, with spherical mirror behind, throws its rays directly through the angle of 90 degrees afa', while the supplementary rays falling on the straight condensing prisms p, p, p', p' are sent out parallel to the corresponding rays in the unobstructed central quadrant of the main apparatus. The whole light will therefore be condensed equally over 90 degrees." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Condensing Quadrant

"Condensing Quadrant.—The fixed apparatus bbb, with spherical mirror behind, throws its rays directly…

"Condensing Octant.—The central fixed apparatus bb with spherical mirror dd throws its rays directly over the angle of 45 degrees pgp, while the supplemental rays fall upon the straight condensing prisms p, each of which spreads the incident rays parallel to the corresponding rays in the central angle pgp. In this way the whole of the front hemisphere of rays is parallelized in the vertical plane and spread equally over the 45 degree in azimuth." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Condensing Octant

"Condensing Octant.—The central fixed apparatus bb with spherical mirror dd throws its rays directly…

"Condensing Octant.—The central fixed apparatus bb with spherical mirror dd throws its rays directly over the angle of 45 degrees pgp, while the supplemental rays fall upon the straight condensing prisms p, each of which spreads the incident rays parallel to the corresponding rays in the central angle pgp. In this way the whole of the front hemisphere of rays is parallelized in the vertical plane and spread equally over the 45 degree in azimuth." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Condensing Octant

"Condensing Octant.—The central fixed apparatus bb with spherical mirror dd throws its rays directly…

"At sea the declination is generally observed by means of an azimuth compass invented by Kater. It consists of a magnet with a graduated compass card attached to it. At the side of the instrument opposite the eye there is a frame which projects upwards from the plane of the instrument in a nearly vertical direction, and this frame contains a wide rectangular slit cut into two parts by a wire extending lengthwise. The eye-piece is opposite this frame, and the observer is supposed to point the instrument in such a manner that the wire above mentioned shall bisect the sun's visible disk. There is a totally reflecting glass prism which throws into the eye-piece an image of the scale of the graduated card, so that the observer, having first bisected the sun's disk by the wire, must next read the division of the scale which is in the middle of the field of view." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Azimuth Compass

"At sea the declination is generally observed by means of an azimuth compass invented by Kater. It consists…

"In this the four lateral planes are rectangular and equal; they may be either oblong or square; in the latter case the form is the cube." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"In this the four lateral planes are rectangular and equal; they may be either oblong or square; in…

"If the base is a square and the prism stands erect&mdash;that is, if its sides or lateral planes, as they are called, are perpendicular to the base&mdash;the form is termed a right square prism." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"If the base is a square and the prism stands erect—that is, if its sides or lateral planes, as…

"When the base is a rectangle instead of a square, the form is a right rectangular prism." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"When the base is a rectangle instead of a square, the form is a right rectangular prism." —The…

"When the base is a rhombus, and the prism stands erect, the form is a right rhombic prism." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Primitive Crystal

"When the base is a rhombus, and the prism stands erect, the form is a right rhombic prism." —The…