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Carved Pier in church at St. Jak, Hungary.

Carved Pier

Carved Pier in church at St. Jak, Hungary.

Norwegian carving from Stedye Church.

Carving

Norwegian carving from Stedye Church.

Norwegian carving.

Carving

Norwegian carving.

Norwegian carved choir seat.

Carving

Norwegian carved choir seat.

The Antique Caryatid is a female figure used as a support in place of a column.

Antique Caryatid

The Antique Caryatid is a female figure used as a support in place of a column.

The Greek Caryatid is a female figure used as a support in place of a column. It is found in the temple of Erechtheum, Athens, Greece.

Greek Caryatid

The Greek Caryatid is a female figure used as a support in place of a column. It is found in the temple…

Figures of women dressed in long robes, serving to support entablatures.

Caryatides

Figures of women dressed in long robes, serving to support entablatures.

Caryatides are a blending of architecture and sculpture, but they are not of frequent occurrence. These Caryatides are human figures which serve as supports instead of a column, and a similar purpose is answered by male figures, which are technically called Atlantes.

Caryatis from the Erechtheum at Athens

Caryatides are a blending of architecture and sculpture, but they are not of frequent occurrence. These…

Caryatides are a blending of architecture and sculpture, but they are not of frequent occurrence. These Caryatides are human figures which serve as supports instead of a column, and a similar purpose is answered by male figures, which are technically called Atlantes.

Profile of the Caryatis with Pedestal and Entablature

Caryatides are a blending of architecture and sculpture, but they are not of frequent occurrence. These…

This illustration shows one fragment of a French cloister built in the Middle Ages. The architecture is Gothic, with pointed arches and vaulted ceilings, Two monks huddle in the passageway. This cloister looks very similar to the cloister at Mont Saint Michel Abbey, though it is not labeled as such.

A Cloister at a French Monastery from the Middle Ages

This illustration shows one fragment of a French cloister built in the Middle Ages. The architecture…

Campaniform column.

Egyptian Column

Campaniform column.

Lotus-bundle column from the Temple of Thomthmes III, Karnak.

Egyptian Column

Lotus-bundle column from the Temple of Thomthmes III, Karnak.

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers, 1895

Column

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers,…

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers, 1895

Column

"Columns are largely employed in the architecture of Egyptian temples. They are of various forms." —D'Anvers,…

"Column with spiral ornament from Persepolis." —D'Anvers, 1895

Column

"Column with spiral ornament from Persepolis." —D'Anvers, 1895

Arrival of a Federal Column at a Planter's House in Dixie.

Column Arrival at a Planter's House

Arrival of a Federal Column at a Planter's House in Dixie.

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or proto-doric. The first two tapered upward and sometimes had a slight swelling at the base (d).

Column Types

Egyptian columns had shafts of three types: a) circular or cylindrical, b) clustered, c) polygonal or…

An illustration of a decorative column.

Decorative Column

An illustration of a decorative column.

This Roman column is a fragment taken from the Vatican, Rome.

Roman Column

This Roman column is a fragment taken from the Vatican, Rome.

"A pillar or column. The use of the trunks of trees placed upright for supporting buildings, unquestionably led to the adoption of similar supports wrought in stone. As the tree required to be based upon a flat square stone, and to have a stone or tile of similar form fixed on its summit to preserve it from decay, so the column was made with a square base, and was covered with an abacus. Hence the principal parts of which every column consists are three, the base, the shaft, and the capital. In the Doric, which is the oldest style of Greek architecture, we must consider all the columns in the same row as having one common base, whereas in the Ionian and Corinthian each column has a seperate base, called spira. The capitals of these two latter orders show, on comparison with the Doric, a much richer style of ornament; and the character of lightness and elegence is further obtained in them by their more slender shaft, its height being much greater in proportion to its thickness. Of all these circumstances some idea may be formed by the inspection of the three accompanying specimens of pillars. The first on the left hand is Doric, the second Ionic, and the third Corinthian." — Smith, 1873

Columna

"A pillar or column. The use of the trunks of trees placed upright for supporting buildings, unquestionably…

Columna Rostrata and Column Trojana.

Columna

Columna Rostrata and Column Trojana.

This illustration shows a more or less perfect columnar structure, due to constraction on cooling, is exemplified often by igneous rocks.

Columnar Rock

This illustration shows a more or less perfect columnar structure, due to constraction on cooling, is…

Also known as Pinus sylvestris fastigiata. This tree is nearly identical to a regular Scots Pine, only that it is in the shape of a column.

Columnar Scots Pine

Also known as Pinus sylvestris fastigiata. This tree is nearly identical to a regular Scots Pine, only…

"The columns of <em>cipollino</em>, which belonged to the Palace of Domitian." &mdash; Young, 1901

Columns of Domitian

"The columns of cipollino, which belonged to the Palace of Domitian." — Young, 1901

Sections of Gothic Columns.

Columns, Gothic

Sections of Gothic Columns.

This Grotesque column is a squatting winged female without arms. It is found in the Guadagni Palace in Florence, Italy.

Grotesque Column

This Grotesque column is a squatting winged female without arms. It is found in the Guadagni Palace…

"Semi-columns (Roman). Engaged columns of the Maison Carr&eacute;e, N&icirc;mes, France." -Whitney, 1911

Semi-Columns

"Semi-columns (Roman). Engaged columns of the Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France." -Whitney,…

This Thin Grotesque column is a squatting winged female without arms. It is found in the Guadagni Palace in Florence, Italy.

Thin Grotesque Column

This Thin Grotesque column is a squatting winged female without arms. It is found in the Guadagni Palace…

Composite order

Composite Order

Composite order

A Roman Corinthian Column.

Corinthian Column

A Roman Corinthian Column.

A Roman Corinthian Column.

Corinthian Column

A Roman Corinthian Column.

Corinthian Order, common amonth the Romans.

Corinthian Order

Corinthian Order, common amonth the Romans.

Corinthian order

Corinthian Order

Corinthian order

The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman architecture, characterized by a slender fluted column and an ornate capital decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls. Although of Greek origin, the Corinthian order was seldom used in Greek architecture.

Greek Corinthian Order

The Corinthian order is one of the Classical orders of Greek and Roman architecture, characterized by…

Illustration of 108 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

108 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 108 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a…

Illustration of 117 congruent cubes stacked in columns of one, four, and six. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

117 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 117 congruent cubes stacked in columns of one, four, and six. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 128 congruent cubes stacked so they form a rectangular solid that measures 4 by 4 by 8. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

128 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 128 congruent cubes stacked so they form a rectangular solid that measures 4 by 4 by…

Illustration of 132 congruent cubes stacked in 22 columns of 6 in the shape of a U. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

132 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 132 congruent cubes stacked in 22 columns of 6 in the shape of a U. A 3-dimensional…

Illustration of 154 congruent cubes stacked in columns increasing from one to four. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

154 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 154 congruent cubes stacked in columns increasing from one to four. A 3-dimensional…

Illustration of 16 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

16 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 16 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 17 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos in the shape of a V. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

17 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 17 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos in the shape of a V. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of two congruent cubes that are tangent along an edge. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface.

2 Congruent Cubes

Illustration of two congruent cubes that are tangent along an edge. A 3-dimensional representation on…

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked in twos and threes. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

20 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked in twos and threes. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

20 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked at heights increasing from 1 to 4 cubes. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

20 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 20 congruent cubes stacked at heights increasing from 1 to 4 cubes. A 3-dimensional…

Illustration of 22 congruent cubes stacked in ones, twos, and threes. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

22 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 22 congruent cubes stacked in ones, twos, and threes. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 22 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

22 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 22 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 24 congruent cubes stacked at various heights to resemble steps. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

24 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 24 congruent cubes stacked at various heights to resemble steps. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 256 congruent cubes stacked so they form 4 larger cubes that measures 4 by 4 by 4 each. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

256 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 256 congruent cubes stacked so they form 4 larger cubes that measures 4 by 4 by 4 each.…

Illustration of 27 congruent cubes stacked to resemble a larger cube that measures three by three by three cubes. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

27 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 27 congruent cubes stacked to resemble a larger cube that measures three by three by…

Illustration of 27 congruent cubes stacked at various heights in the shape of a W. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

27 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 27 congruent cubes stacked at various heights in the shape of a W. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 28 congruent cubes placed in the shape of a square. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

28 Congruent Cubes Placed in the Shape of a Square

Illustration of 28 congruent cubes placed in the shape of a square. A 3-dimensional representation on…

Illustration of 30 congruent cubes stacked in decreasing heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

30 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 30 congruent cubes stacked in decreasing heights. A 3-dimensional representation on…

Illustration of 33 congruent cubes stacked at various heights in a zigzag pattern. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

33 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 33 congruent cubes stacked at various heights in a zigzag pattern. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 35 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos in the shape of a W. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

35 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 35 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos in the shape of a W. A 3-dimensional representation…

Illustration of 35 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

35 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 35 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 36 congruent cubes stacked at various heights with outer edges forming a square. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

36 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 36 congruent cubes stacked at various heights with outer edges forming a square. A 3-dimensional…

Illustration of 36 congruent cubes stacked to resemble a 1 by 1 by 1 cube on a 2 by 2 by 2 cube on a 3 by 3 by 3 cube. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

36 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 36 congruent cubes stacked to resemble a 1 by 1 by 1 cube on a 2 by 2 by 2 cube on a…

Illustration of 39 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

39 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 39 congruent cubes stacked at various heights. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…

Illustration of 4 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional surface that can be used for testing depth perception and identifying and counting cubes, edges, and faces.

4 Stacked Congruent Cubes

Illustration of 4 congruent cubes stacked in ones and twos. A 3-dimensional representation on a 2-dimensional…