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"The Blue Minyad is a type of a family in which the base of the body, in place of extending itself in a disk-like form, in order to grapple with the rocks and other projections at the bottom of the sea, turns itself inward, forming a sort of purse, which seems to imprison the air. From this results a sort of hydrostatic apparatus, aided by which the animals can float in the water and transport themselves from one place to another."

Blue Minyad (Minyas Cyanea)

"The Blue Minyad is a type of a family in which the base of the body, in place of extending itself in…

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common on some parts of the English and Irish coasts."

Caryophyllia Cyathus (Lamarck)

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common…

"The polyp itself is formed of a whitish, membranous tube, nearly cylindrical, having an upper disk, surrounded by its eight tentacula, bearing many delicate pinnae spreading out laterally. These tentacula resemble the corolla of some flower."

Coral Polyp (Lacaze-Duthiers)

"The polyp itself is formed of a whitish, membranous tube, nearly cylindrical, having an upper disk,…

"The arms of the polyps are at times subject to violent agitation, and the tentacula become much excited. If this excitement continues, the tentacula can be seen to fold and roll themselves up. The little opening around which these tentacula are attached forms the mouth of the polyp."

Coral Polyp (Lacaze-Duthiers)

"The arms of the polyps are at times subject to violent agitation, and the tentacula become much excited.…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea with Polypi (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea, Magnified (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"In the subfamily of the Zoanthidae, the polyps occur in clusters, and are multiplied by buds, rising from a common, creeping, root-like, fleshy base. This species possesses the power of considerably altering its shape; sometimes the mouth is depressed, and at others it is elevated into an obtuse cone."

Flabellum Pavonium (Lesson)

"In the subfamily of the Zoanthidae, the polyps occur in clusters, and are multiplied by buds, rising…

"A species of <em>Isis</em> has numerous slender branches, furnished with cylindrical knows at intervals, contracted toward the middle, finely striated; it has a singular resemblance to the Common Mare's Tail."

Isis Hippuris

"A species of Isis has numerous slender branches, furnished with cylindrical knows at intervals,…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. The polyps appear upon the waving and deeply indented lobes."

Loose Winged Virgularia (Virgularia Mirabilis)

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. The polyps appear upon the waving and deeply indented lobes."

Branch of Loose Winged Virgularia

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"The Plantain Madrepore is an interesting species, the polyps presenting themselves in tufts, with slender and prolific branches."

Madrepora Plantaginea (Lamarck)

"The Plantain Madrepore is an interesting species, the polyps presenting themselves in tufts, with slender…

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the main population of concern is off east-central Florida where it forms unique thicket-type structures in 70-100 meters (230 to 330 ft) depth known as the "Oculina Banks". Colonies are arborescent, with highly clumped, irregular bushy branches.

Oculina Virginea (Lamarck)

Oculina ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, though the…

"The polyp of the <em>Porites</em> is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula, having unequal polygonal cells, imperfectly defined, slightly radiating by thread-like, pointed rays. Externally it presents the figure of an irregular trelliswork, more or less loosely connected in its meshes."

Porites Furcata (Lamarck)

"The polyp of the Porites is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula,…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>."

Magnified Portion of Fan Gorgon

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>."

Gorgonia Flabellum

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>. The Whorled Gorgon, which is found in the Mediterranean, is of elegant form."

Gorgonia Verticellata

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"The <em>Fan Gorgon</>, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The resemblance of its network to fine lace gives rise to its name of <em>Sea-Fan</em>. The Whorled Gorgon, which is found in the Mediterranean, is of elegant form."

Magnified Portion of Gorgonia Verticellata

"The Fan Gorgon, from the Antilles; it often attains a height of eighteen or twenty inches. The…

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a great quantity of pointed spiculae, which are constituted of bundles at the base of the calyx of each polyp. This figure shows one which inhabits the Mediterranean Sea."

Pennatula Spinosa

"These winged species of polypidom are somewhat scythe-shaped, well developed, and furnished with a…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material. The aggregate formation resulting from the combination of tubes constitutes a variously shaped mass, which often attains a very considerable size."

Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows the crown of delicately fringed tentacula of a individual polyp.

Crown of Delicately Fringed Tentacula of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material. The aggregate formation resulting from the combination of tubes constitutes a variously shaped mass, which often attains a very considerable size."

Magnified Portion of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows a close-up of the polyp.

Polyp of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Tubipora</em> is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged tubes, connected together at regular distances by lamellar expansions of the same material." This figure shows the polyp, which occupies the summit of the tube, and which forms this curious coral.

Tube and Polyp of Tubipora Musica

"The Tubipora is a calcareous coral, formed by the combination of distinct, regularly arranged…

"The <em>Umbellularia Groenlandica</em> has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only by a cluster of polyps. It is an inhabitant of the northern seas."

Umbellularia Groenlandica (Lamarck)

"The Umbellularia Groenlandica has a very long stem, which is terminated at the summit only…

"The species shown in this figure has a simple, cylindrical body, without branchiae, and a rudimentary polypidom furnished with very large polyps of a whitish color."

Veretillum Cynomorium (Lamarck)

"The species shown in this figure has a simple, cylindrical body, without branchiae, and a rudimentary…