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"The relief pictures an ancient Italian sacrifice of a bull, a ram, and a boar, offered to Mars to secure purification from sin. Note the sacred laurel trees, the two altars, and the officiating magistrate, whose head is covered with the toga. He is sprinkling incense from a box held by an attendant. Another attendant carries a ewer with the libation. In the rear is the sacrificer with his ax."—Webster, 1913

Suovetaurilia

"The relief pictures an ancient Italian sacrifice of a bull, a ram, and a boar, offered to Mars to secure…

The Lion supporting shield is also called "il Marzocco" in Italian. It is a sculpture designed by Donatello in Florence, Italy during the 15th century.

Lion Supporting Shield

The Lion supporting shield is also called "il Marzocco" in Italian. It is a sculpture designed by Donatello…

The pilaster panel symbol is a lyre which symbolizes the art of singing. It was designed by sculptor Fomilini of Florence, Italy.

Pilaster Panel Symbol

The pilaster panel symbol is a lyre which symbolizes the art of singing. It was designed by sculptor…

This stone terminus bust is an Italian Renascence design found in the Villa Massimi in Rome, Italy.

Stone Terminus Bust

This stone terminus bust is an Italian Renascence design found in the Villa Massimi in Rome, Italy.

"A relief from the Column of Trajan, Rome. The name testudo, a tortoise (shell), was applied to the covering made by a body of soldiers who placed their shields over their heads. The shields fitted so closely together that men could walk on them and even horses and chariots could be driven over them."—Webster, 1913

A Testudo

"A relief from the Column of Trajan, Rome. The name testudo, a tortoise (shell), was applied to the…

Teutoboch was a legendary king of the Teutons, a Germanic tribe.

The Capture of Teutoboch

Teutoboch was a legendary king of the Teutons, a Germanic tribe.

An ancient monument built in 520 CE by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb.

Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna

An ancient monument built in 520 CE by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb.

"The two-storied marble structure is capped by an enormous monolith weighing over 300 tons."—Webster, 1913

Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna

"The two-storied marble structure is capped by an enormous monolith weighing over 300 tons."—Webster,…

Emperor of Rome from 14 to 37 A.D.

Tiberius

Emperor of Rome from 14 to 37 A.D.

This portrait is of the great artist, Tintoretto. He was a Greek painter who included external imagry and scenes of nature in his work.

Tintoretto

This portrait is of the great artist, Tintoretto. He was a Greek painter who included external imagry…

The temple of Jupiter torus moulding is found in Rome, Italy. It is a design of a rod that is covered with foliage.

Temple of Jupiter Torus Moulding

The temple of Jupiter torus moulding is found in Rome, Italy. It is a design of a rod that is covered…

The leaning tower of Pisa, located in Italy.

Tower of Pisa

The leaning tower of Pisa, located in Italy.

A triumphal column in Rome, commemorating Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

Column of Trajan

A triumphal column in Rome, commemorating Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

The support of Roman table Trapezophoron is a shown in the front view and side view. It is found in the atrium of the house of Cornelius Rufus in Pompeii, Rome.

Support of Roman Table Trapezophoron

The support of Roman table Trapezophoron is a shown in the front view and side view. It is found in…

An illustration of the original Trocadero Palace. For the 1878 World's Fair, the Palais du Trocadéro was built here (where meetings of international organizations could be held during the fair). The palace's form was that of a large concert hall with two wings and two towers; its style was a mixture of exotic and historical references, generally called "Moorish" but with some Byzantine elements. The architect was Gabriel Davioud. The concert hall contained a large organ built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, the first large organ to be installed in a concert hall in France. It was removed to a hall in Lyon and subsequently destroyed by fire. The building proved unpopular, though the cost expended in its construction delayed its replacement for nearly fifty years.

Trocadero Palace (old)

An illustration of the original Trocadero Palace. For the 1878 World's Fair, the Palais du Trocadéro…

The border undulate band is a design found on half- columns in St. Trinita, Florence during the Italian Renaissance. It is a floral wavelike design.

Border Undulate Band

The border undulate band is a design found on half- columns in St. Trinita, Florence during the Italian…

The intarsia frieze undulate band is a wood inlay wavelike floral design that is found in the stalls of San Domenico, Bologna, Italy during the Italian Renaissance.

Intarsia Frieze Undulate Band

The intarsia frieze undulate band is a wood inlay wavelike floral design that is found in the stalls…

The wrought-iron undulate band is a design on a trellis of a balcony in Milan, Italy.

Wrought-Iron Undulate Band

The wrought-iron undulate band is a design on a trellis of a balcony in Milan, Italy.

This vase is a window pilaster of the Cancelleria in Rome. It was designed by Bramante during the Italian Renaissance.

Vase

This vase is a window pilaster of the Cancelleria in Rome. It was designed by Bramante during the Italian…

This vase is the lower part of a panel. It was designed during the Italian Renascence.

Vase

This vase is the lower part of a panel. It was designed during the Italian Renascence.

An illustration for a 17th century Italian vase decorated with a floral pattern.

17th Century Italian Floral Vase

An illustration for a 17th century Italian vase decorated with a floral pattern.

An illustration of an ancient Roman vase.

Roman Vase

An illustration of an ancient Roman vase.

This thin vase is a pilaster of a door in San Agostino, Rome.

Thin Vase

This thin vase is a pilaster of a door in San Agostino, Rome.

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial uses, etc. They were often used merely for ornament, or were at least primarily ornamental in character and design. The antique vases found in great numbers in ancient tombs and catacombs in Etruria, Southern Italy, Greece, Sicily, etc., and used to contain the ashes of the dead, were for the most part made of baked clay, painted and glazed. Rare Chinese and Japanese vases are highly prized, and $20,000 has been paid for one vase at auction in New York."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Grecian Vases

"A Vase is a vessel of various forms and materials, applied to the purposes of domestic life, sacrificial…

A portrait of the Vatican in Italy.

The Vatican

A portrait of the Vatican in Italy.

The town hall of Florence, Italy.

Palazzo Vecchio

The town hall of Florence, Italy.

This painting by J. William Turner is one of many canal drawings the artist did. The piece was exhibited in the year 1840. It can now be found in the South Kensington Museum.

Venice from the Canal of the Giudecca

This painting by J. William Turner is one of many canal drawings the artist did. The piece was exhibited…

A canal in Venice, Italy.

A Canal in Venice

A canal in Venice, Italy.

"A more determined imitation of Roman architecture is subsequently perceptible in the productions of San Michele during the first half of the sixteenth century. The conceptions of this architect had a considerable influence on his contemporaries and successors, and display a certain independence and originality." The Palazzo Grimani di San Luca is a Renaissance building in Venice, Italy. It is located on the Rio di San Luca channel of the city, at the point in which it flows into the Canal Grande. The palace was built in the mid-16th century for procurator Gerolamo Grimani by architect Michele Sanmicheli, and completed after his death by Gian Giacomo de' Grigi, known as "il Bergamasco".

Grimani Palace at Venice

"A more determined imitation of Roman architecture is subsequently perceptible in the productions of…

"Next in order are the productions of Jacopo Tatti, or Sansovino, who was born in 1479, and died in 1570. This architect was educated in the Florentine school, and afterwards proceeded to Rome; his masterpieces are less powerful and imposing but on the other hand, are more graceful, and display more richly developed details than those of San Michele."The Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana is a library and Renaissance building in Venice, northern Italy; it is one of the earliest surviving public manuscript depositories in the country, holding one of the greatest classical texts collections in the world. The library is named after St. Mark, the patron saint of Venice.

Old Library of St. Mark at Venice

"Next in order are the productions of Jacopo Tatti, or Sansovino, who was born in 1479, and died in…

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial felicity in the arrangement of his ground-plans, particularly in instances where he had an unlimited space for disposal. His command, moreover, of good proportion , rendered his combinations of civic and sacred buildings most pleasing to the eye; whilst the columnar arrangement of his entrances conveyed an agreeable, and at the same time, dignified impression. Consequently the works of Palladio, although often composed of heterogeneous elements, remained for a long period the model for an entire style; and even in the eighteenth century, when the total deterioration of architecture, as exemplified in what is called by the Germans "the Zopf-und-Perrücken Styl" (pigtail and periwig style), led architects again in the direction of the classical, the designs of Palladio became anew a subject of study. Even in present day they are often immoderately praised by those who are not really conversant with the principles and requirements of art, and who are ignorant of the history of the development of architecture."Il Redentore, more properly Chiesa del Santissimo Redentore (Church of the Most Holy Redeemer), is Andrea Palladio's great domed church on Giudecca, one of the islands of Venice. Located on the waterfront of the Canale della Giudecca, it dominates the skyline of the island.The Redentore was built in thanksgiving for deliverance from the plague that decimated Venice from 1575 to 1576, in which some 46,000 people, 25-30 percent of the population, died. The Senate commissioned the great architect Palladio to design it. Construction began in May 1577. The building was in a satisfactory stage and was consecrated in 1592.

St. Saviour's, Venice

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial…

The state barge of Venice, which was used in the ceremony of "Wedding the Adriatic."—Myers, 1905

State Barge of Venice

The state barge of Venice, which was used in the ceremony of "Wedding the Adriatic."—Myers, 1905

"A certain originality and freedom of intervention is perceptible in the buildings of the early period of the Venetian Renaissance style; the old style is happily blended with the new, which during the first stage is still imbued with Romanesque conceptions." The Vendramin were a rich merchant family of Venice, Italy. What is now the most prominent "Palazzo Vendramin" in Venice, the splendid Ca' Vendramin Calergi by Mauro Codussi on the Grand Canal, was in fact only inherited by the family in 1739, and is now the casino, also famous as the place where Richard Wagner died in 1883. Some rooms are kept as a museum commemorating Wagner's stay. The 16th century Ca' Vendramin di Santa Fosca in the Cannaregio quarter, now also a hotel, is where Gabriele Vendramin's collection was housed. Yet another is the 16th or possibly 17th century "Palazzo Vendramin dei Carmini", in Dorsoduro, most of which is now occupied by part of the University of Venice.

Vendramin Palace at Venice

"A certain originality and freedom of intervention is perceptible in the buildings of the early period…

Venice: House of Gold

Venice: House of Gold

Venice: House of Gold

(1528-1588) Italian painter of the Venitian school

Paul (Paulo) Veronese

(1528-1588) Italian painter of the Venitian school

Vesuvius as seen from Naples with the lava streams of 1872 in dark.

Vesuvius

Vesuvius as seen from Naples with the lava streams of 1872 in dark.

A portrait of the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.

Bay of Naples and Vesuvius

A portrait of the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.

The King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. In 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy, which he held until his death in 1878.

Victor Emmanuel II

The King of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. In 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy,…

The King of Italy from 1861 to 1878.

Victor Emmanuel II

The King of Italy from 1861 to 1878.

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial felicity in the arrangement of his ground-plans, particularly in instances where he had an unlimited space for disposal. His command, moreover, of good proportion , rendered his combinations of civic and sacred buildings most pleasing to the eye; whilst the columnar arrangement of his entrances conveyed an agreeable, and at the same time, dignified impression. Consequently the works of Palladio, although often composed of heterogeneous elements, remained for a long period the model for an entire style; and even in the eighteenth century, when the total deterioration of architecture, as exemplified in what is called by the Germans "the Zopf-und-Perrücken Styl" (pigtail and periwig style), led architects again in the direction of the classical, the designs of Palladio became anew a subject of study. Even in present day they are often immoderately praised by those who are not really conversant with the principles and requirements of art, and who are ignorant of the history of the development of architecture." Villa Capra "La Rotonda" is a Renaissance villa just outside Vicenza, northern Italy, designed by Andrea Palladio. The correct name is Villa Almerico-Capra. It is also known as La Rotonda, Villa Rotunda, Villa La Rotonda, and Villa Almerico. The name "Capra" derives from the Capra brothers, who completed the building after it was ceded to them in 1591. Like other works by Palladio in Vicenza and the surrounding area, the building is conserved as part of the World Heritage Site "City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto".

Villa by Palladio

"More than one cause served to render the compositions of Palladio so celebrated. He possessed an especial…

A fresco painting of a Roman villa.

Roman Villa

A fresco painting of a Roman villa.

The Renaissance Ornament Vine is a frieze design found in Venice, Italy in the 16th century.

Renaissance Ornament Vine

The Renaissance Ornament Vine is a frieze design found in Venice, Italy in the 16th century.

"Portrait from a statue discovered in the ruins of the Temple of Vesta in the Roman Forum."—Webster, 1913

A Vestal Virgin

"Portrait from a statue discovered in the ruins of the Temple of Vesta in the Roman Forum."—Webster,…

Illustration of a great multitude of Visigoth warriors, along with the booty they had taken from Rome, including slaves, cattle, on the march into the south of Italy. Some goths ride horses, their spears raised in triumph, while other drive carts pulled by oxen, carrying their bounty. Alaric was the first King of the Visigoths from AD 395–410.

Visigoths, Under the Rule of Alaric, on the March after Sacking Rome

Illustration of a great multitude of Visigoth warriors, along with the booty they had taken from Rome,…

"In Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and elsewhere the manufacture of wine from grapes is an important industry of the people." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Wine growing

"In Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and elsewhere the manufacture of wine from grapes is an important…