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Henry IV

Henry IV

Henry IV

(1553-1610) King of France.

Henry IV

(1553-1610) King of France.

Henry V.

Henry V

Henry V.

Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422) was one of the most significant English warrior kings of the 15th century. He was born at Monmouth, Wales, in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle, and reigned as King of England from 1413 to 1422. Henry was the son of Henry of Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, and sixteen-year-old Mary de Bohun, who was to die in childbirth at 26, before Bolingbroke became king. At the time of his birth during the reign of Richard II, Henry was fairly far removed from the throne, preceded by the king and another collateral line of heirs. The precise date and even year of his birth are therefore not definitely recorded; sources offer as the most likely either 9 August or 16 September, in 1386 or 1387. By the time Henry died, he had not only consolidated power as the King of England but had also effectively accomplished what generations of his ancestors had failed to achieve through decades of war: unification of the crowns of England and France in a single person. In 2002, he was ranked 72nd in the 100 Greatest Britons

Henry V of England

Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422) was one of the most significant English warrior kings…

Henry VI

Henry VI

Henry VI

Henry was the only child and heir of King Henry V of England and therefore great things were expected of him from birth. He was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor, and succeeded to the throne at the age of eight months on 31 August 1422, when his father died. His mother, Catherine of Valois, was then only 20 years old and as the daughter of King Charles VI of France was viewed with considerable suspicion and prevented from having a full role in her son's upbringing. Henry was eventually crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey on 6 November 1429 a month before his eighth birthday, and King of France at Notre Dame in Paris on 16 December 1431. However, he did not assume the reins of government until he was declared of age in 1437—the year in which his mother died.

Henry VI of England

Henry was the only child and heir of King Henry V of England and therefore great things were expected…

(1456-1509) King of England.

Henry VII

(1456-1509) King of England.

Portrait of Henry VII, English king.

Henry VII

Portrait of Henry VII, English king.

Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), born Henry Tudor (Welsh Harri Tudur), was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

Henry VII of England

Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485…

"Henry VIII (1509-1547) came to the throne in 1509, inheriting a vast treasure which he owed to the avarice of his father. A young and active man, he was ambitious in the early part of his reign for military distinction and several times he took part in the wars on the continent. These wars gave England small glory and no practical advantage. The only brilliant military achievement of the reign was gained when Henry was abroad; this was the battle of Flodden Field in 1513, where the English defeated the Scotch army which was sent across the border to plunder the northern counties."—Colby, 1899

Henry VIII

"Henry VIII (1509-1547) came to the throne in 1509, inheriting a vast treasure which he owed to the…

(1566-1625) King of England, also James VI of Scotland.

James I

(1566-1625) King of England, also James VI of Scotland.

King James I of England

King James I

King James I of England

"James II." — Lardner, 1885

James II

"James II." — Lardner, 1885

The King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1685 until his death in 1701.

James II

The King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1685 until his death in 1701.

James II of England and Ireland, James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689 declared him to have forfeited the throne. He was replaced not by his Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by Mary II and William III. William and Mary became joint rulers in 1689. Mary was the eldest daughter of James and a Protestant. William was both his nephew and son-in-law. James II made one serious attempt to recover his crowns, when he landed in Ireland in 1689.

James II of England

James II of England and Ireland, James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) was…

He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1581. On 24 March 1603, as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. He then ruled England, Scotland and Ireland for 22 years, often using the title King of Great Britain, until his death at the age of 58.

James the First

He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother…

John of England.

John of England

John of England.

The King of England from April 6, 1199, until his death, October 18, 1216.

King John

The King of England from April 6, 1199, until his death, October 18, 1216.

King John of France

King John of France

King John of France

(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia and Hungary

Francis Joseph I

(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia and Hungary

"Francis Joseph I (1830-1916), emperor of Austria and king of Hungary, and next to the last of the Hapsburg rulers." -Foster, 1921

Francis Joseph I

"Francis Joseph I (1830-1916), emperor of Austria and king of Hungary, and next to the last of the Hapsburg…

King Joseph.

King Joseph

King Joseph.

An illustration of a king and queen holding hands and dancing with a large group of people.

King & Queen Dancing with Group of People

An illustration of a king and queen holding hands and dancing with a large group of people.

An illustration of a king and queen sitting the head of a large table surrounded by people.

King & Queen Sitting at Table

An illustration of a king and queen sitting the head of a large table surrounded by people.

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until his death. John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France, and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude. As a historical figure, John is best known for acquiescing to the nobility and signing Magna Carta, a document that limited his power and that is popularly regarded as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy.

King John

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until…

An illustration of a king making a fist.

King Making a Fist

An illustration of a king making a fist.

King of the Belgians

Leopold II

King of the Belgians

The king of Belgium, son of Leopold I., born in Brussels, April 9, 1835. he was liberally educated in the leading institutions of Belgium and Germany. His title as crown prince was duke of Brabant, and he served as a member of the national senate, in which he became distinguished as an influential advocate of internal and maritime improvement.

Leopold II

The king of Belgium, son of Leopold I., born in Brussels, April 9, 1835. he was liberally educated in…

Portrait of Louis XI of France.

Louis XI

Portrait of Louis XI of France.

"The age of Louis XIV. during the reign of Louis XIV, the son and successor of Louis XIII (1643-1715), which lasted over seventy years, France was the leading nation of Europe. In some respects it was a brilliant period. The magnificence of the French court, the splendor of Paris, and the proud position of France in Europe were characteristics of the time. Literature flourished under the patronage of the court, and some of the greatest of the French writers lived in this reign. A striking characteristic of the time was the absolute belief of the subjects in the divine power of the king. Louis XIV was the most conspicuous type of an absolute monarch. He was the source of all power and glory."—Colby, 1899

Louis XIV

"The age of Louis XIV. during the reign of Louis XIV, the son and successor of Louis XIII (1643-1715),…

King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. He inherited the Crown at the age of four, but he did not actually assume personal control of the government until the death of his chief minister, Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661.

Louis XIV

King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. He inherited the Crown at the…

"The reign of Louis the Fourteenth has been termed the Augustan age of France. This monarch had none of the commanding qualities which create a nation or an era, and he would not have been distinguished from common princes in common circumstances. Destitute himself of the true sentiment of greatness, he yet became, fortuitously, the instrument of great deeds, and his reign will always be a memorable period in history." — Goodrich, 1844

Louis XIV in his chambers

"The reign of Louis the Fourteenth has been termed the Augustan age of France. This monarch had none…

King of France from 1638-1715, Louis XIV.

King Louis XIV

King of France from 1638-1715, Louis XIV.

Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. He was married to Marie Antoinette.

Louis XVI

Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France…

(1754-1793) King of France 1774-1793 who married Marie Antoinette and allowed France to become involved in the War of American Independence

King Louis XVI of France

(1754-1793) King of France 1774-1793 who married Marie Antoinette and allowed France to become involved…

King Louis.

King Louis

King Louis.

An Inca Manco Capac, the first king of the Kingdom of Cuzco, according to Inca mythology.

Manco Capac

An Inca Manco Capac, the first king of the Kingdom of Cuzco, according to Inca mythology.

A general of the French Revoltion, and the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic from Nov. 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French and King of Italy under the name Napoleon I from May 18, 1804 to April 6, 1814, and again briefly from March 20 to June 22, 1815

Napoleon

A general of the French Revoltion, and the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic from…

King Milan I of Serbia

Milan Obrenovic IV

King Milan I of Serbia

King of Sweden and Norway, born in Stockholm, Swden, Jan. 21, 1829. He is a son of Oscar I., and a brother of Charles XV.

Fredrick Oscar

King of Sweden and Norway, born in Stockholm, Swden, Jan. 21, 1829. He is a son of Oscar I., and a brother…

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (June 1672–8 February 1725) ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V. Peter carried out a policy of Westernization and expansion that transformed the Tsardom of Russia into the 3-billion acre Russian Empire, a major European power.

Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov (June 1672–8 February 1725) ruled Russia and later…

"Peter the Great. This prince is one of the most extraordinary figures in history. As a boy he showed a great eagerness for knowledge in departments which were not generally attractive to the members of royal families. He cared nothing for books, but took a keen interest in mechanical devices, in carpentering, and especially in the making and sailing of boats. He was impatient of discipline and opposition and showed at an early age serious defects of temper. In fact, except for his restless and inquisitive spirit, there was little about him to suggest the qualities which afterwards made him famous. His half-sister, Sophia, plotted against him, and at one time, through a palace revolution, his life was actually endagered. He was obliged to share the throne with his feeble-minded half-brother, and at first his position was insecure. In 1689, however, Peter, discovering the plots of Sophia, raised a party against her, took the power out of her hands, and shut her up in a convent. Ivan was wholly incompetent to rule, and from this time forth Peter, though now only seventeen years of age, ruled the state."—Colby, 1899

Peter the Great

"Peter the Great. This prince is one of the most extraordinary figures in history. As a boy he showed…

The King of Epirus, being obliged, on the murder of his father, to seek safety by flight, found a home, parent, and tutor in Flaucus, King of illyria, where he remained for several years, till old enough to maintain his own right, and ascended his father's throne.

Pyrrhus

The King of Epirus, being obliged, on the murder of his father, to seek safety by flight, found a home,…

An illustration of a queen and king surrounded by a group of people and dogs running around their feet.

Queen and King Surrounded by People

An illustration of a queen and king surrounded by a group of people and dogs running around their feet.

The second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He reigned from 1183 to 1152 BC.

Ramses III

The second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king…

Richard I of England.

Richard I

Richard I of England.

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He was known as Richard the Lionheart, or Cœur de Lion, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of Philip Augustus, and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin.

Richard I

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death.…

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Ireland, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Nantes and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was known as Richard the Lionheart, or Cœur de Lion, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. At only 16, Richard was commanding his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father, King Henry II. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of Philip Augustus, and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin. While he spoke very little English and spent very little time in his Kingdom, preferring to use it as a source of revenue to support his armies, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the very few Kings of England remembered by his epithet, not number, and is an enduring, iconic figure in England.

Richard I of England

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death.…

King of England from 1189 to 1199. He was often referred to as Richard the Lionheart.

King Richard I

King of England from 1189 to 1199. He was often referred to as Richard the Lionheart.

Richard II

Richard II

Richard II

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born in 1367, during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother Edward of Angoulême died, and heir apparent when his father died in 1376. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.

Richard II

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was…

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard, a son of Edward, the Black Prince, was born in 1367, during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III. Richard became second in line to the throne when his older brother Edward of Angoulême died, and heir apparent when his father died in 1376. With Edward III's death the following year, Richard succeeded to the throne at the age of ten.

Richard II of England

Richard II (6 January 1367 – ca. 14 February 1400) was King of England from 1377 until he was…

King of England; son of the Black Prince and Joanna of Kent; born in Bordeaux, Jan. 6, 1369.

King Richard II

King of England; son of the Black Prince and Joanna of Kent; born in Bordeaux, Jan. 6, 1369.

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. He was the last king from the House of York, and his defeat at the Battle of Bosworth marked the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. After the death of his brother King Edward IV, Richard briefly governed as regent for Edward's son King Edward V with the title of Lord Protector, but he placed Edward and his brother Richard in the Tower and seized the throne for himself, being crowned on 6 July 1483.

Richard III of England

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death. He…

King of England; son of Richard, Duke of York, a descendant of Edmund, Duke of York, fifth son of Edward III.; born in Fotheringhay Castle, Oct. 2, 1452.

King Richard III

King of England; son of Richard, Duke of York, a descendant of Edmund, Duke of York, fifth son of Edward…

Edward of York was born on April 28, 1442, at Rouen, France (in the Chateau de Rouen), the second son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (who had a strong genealogical claim to the throne of England) and Cecily Neville daughter of Ralph Neville and Joan Beaufort, a granddaughter of Edward III. Edward of York was the eldest of the four sons who survived to adulthood. The Duke of York's assertion of his claim to the crown in 1460 was the key escalation of the conflict known as the Wars of the Roses. When his father was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, Edward inherited his claim. However, it was rumoured that Edward was in fact the son of an archer named Blaybourne, with whom his mother Cecily Neville had had an affair in Rouen.

Richard IV of England

Edward of York was born on April 28, 1442, at Rouen, France (in the Chateau de Rouen), the second son…

(1157-1199) King Richard I of England

Richard the Lion-Hearted

(1157-1199) King Richard I of England

"Michael Romanoff." — Lardner, 1885

Michael Romanoff

"Michael Romanoff." — Lardner, 1885

(1868-1918) Nicholas II or Nikolay Alexandrovic Romanov, czar of Russia, king of Poland, and grand duke of Finland.

Nicholas II

(1868-1918) Nicholas II or Nikolay Alexandrovic Romanov, czar of Russia, king of Poland, and grand duke…

Stephen I, the last Norman king of England.

Stephen

Stephen I, the last Norman king of England.