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Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly blunt-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf -about three to six inches long, thick and smooth; dark green and polished above; white below; the middle rib green and distinct; the side ribs slight and indistinct. Bark - of trunk, smoothish, light gray, aromatic and bitter. Flowers - large (two to three inches wide), white, at the ends of the branches, very fragrant. June, July. Fruit - bright red berries, at first in small cone-like clusters, then hanging by slender threads. September. Found - in swampy ground, from Massachusetts southward, usually near the coast. <p>General Information - A small tree (often a bush) four to twenty-five feet high, or higher southward, where its leaves are evergreen. All parts of the tree (and it is the same with the other magnolias) have an intensely bitter, aromatic juice, which is stimulating and tonic. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, slightly…

Also known as Betula lenta. A species of birch native to eastern North America.

Branch of Sweet Birch

Also known as Betula lenta. A species of birch native to eastern North America.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge finely and sharply double-toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - short and downy. Leaf - two to four inches long; about one half as wide; silky-hairy when young, but becoming smooth, except on the ribs beneath. Bark - of trunk, a dark chestnut-brown; smoothish when young, but becoming rough in old trees. The smaller branches are smooth and dotted with white spots. In its leaves and the color of the twigs it somewhat resembles the garden cherry. The foliage and bark are very aromatic and sweet-tasting. Found - from Newfoundland to Northern Delaware, westward, and southward along the mountains. It is very common in the northern forest. General Information - A tree thirty to sixty feet high, with many slender branches. The wood is hard, fine-grained, and of a reddish tint. It is largely used for cabinet-work (sometimes in place of a more valuable Black Cherry) and for fuel.

Genus Betula, L. (Birch)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge finely and sharply double-toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed.…

Leaves - compound (hand-shaped; leaflets, usually five, sometimes seven); opposite; edge toothed. Outline - of leaflet, long oval, long egg-shape, or long reverse egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - pointed. Leaflet - four to nine inches long, one to three inches wide, usually minutely downy beneath. Flowers, pale yellow. April, May. Fruit - two to two and one half inches in diameter, rounded. Husk - not prickly, but uneven. Nut - one or two in a husk, large and brown. Found - from Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, southward along the Alleghany Mountains to Northern Georgia and Alabama, and westward. General Information - A tree thirty to seventy feet high. Its wood is light and hard to split. With the other species of the same genus it is preferred, above any other American wood, for the making of artificial limbs.

Genus Aesculus, L. (Buckeye, Horse Chestnut)

Leaves - compound (hand-shaped; leaflets, usually five, sometimes seven); opposite; edge toothed. Outline…

Also known as Malus coronaria. The branch of a Sweet Crabapple tree, native to the southern United States.

Branch of Sweet Crabapple

Also known as Malus coronaria. The branch of a Sweet Crabapple tree, native to the southern United States.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge deeply lobed (lobes finely and sharply toothed throughout). Outline - rounded. The lobes are five to seven, radiating from the base. Apex - of the lobes, pointed. Base - of the leaf heart-shape. Leaf - three to seven inches in diameter, smooth and shining with a pleasant odor when bruised. Ribs tufted at their angles. Bark - gray; usually strongly winged with corky ridges along the branchlets. In the South, a spicy gum, from which the tree takes its name, oozes from the bark. Fruit - small woody pods are collected into a round ball. These usually contain a few good seeds and a large number of others that resemble saw-dust. September. Found - from Connecticut to Illinois, and southward. It reaches its finest growth and is very common in the bottom lands of the Mississippi basin. General Information - A fine tree sixty to seventy feel high, or southward one hundred feet and more. The wood is valuable, and would be better appreciated except for the difficulty of seasoning it. It is sometimes used as a substitute for Black Walnut, Its gum is used medicinally.

Genus Liquidamber, L. (Sweet Bum)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge deeply lobed (lobes finely and sharply toothed throughout). Outline…

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge closely and sharply toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - round. Quite variable. Leaf/Stem - winged on both sides with a wavy border; when young, sprinkled with brownish glands. Leaf - about three to four inches long, and half as wide or more; smooth. Flowers - white, in flat, stemless clusters. May, June. Fruit - one half inch long; oval; sweetish; red, becoming almost black when ripe; edible. Found - from Hudson's Bay through the Northern States, southward to Georgia. Common in swamps and rich, moist soil. General Information - A tree fifteen to twenty feet high, with hard, ill-smelling wood.

Genus Viburnum, L. (Haw and Viburnum)

Leaves - simple; opposite; edge closely and sharply toothed. Outline - egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Also known as Magnolia virginiana. The branch of a Sweetbay Magnolia plant, native to the southeastern coast of the United States.

Branch of Sweetbay Magnolia

Also known as Magnolia virginiana. The branch of a Sweetbay Magnolia plant, native to the southeastern…

A brass syringe, which is useful for washing dust off plants.

Brass Syringe

A brass syringe, which is useful for washing dust off plants.

A decorative capital T with ornate leaves and pine cones decorating it.

Capital Letter T

A decorative capital T with ornate leaves and pine cones decorating it.

A capital letter T with a leafy background.

Leafy Letter T

A capital letter T with a leafy background.

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches in two-leaved sheathed bunches. Leaf - needle-shape, about two and one half inches long, stiff; outer side smooth and rounded; inner side hollowed. Cones - about three and one half inches long, of a light yellow color, stemless, often united in clusters of fours. Scales - with a stout spine, widening at its base, one sixth of an inch in length. Found - within narrower limits than any other American Pine; along the Alleghany Mountains from Pennsylvania to Tennessee, especially upon Table Mountain in North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of the range. General Information - A tree ten to fifty feet high, with light and soft wood, largely used for charcoal.

Genus Pinus, L. (Pine)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches…

This teaspoon is used in a tea-caddy and is carved out of boxwood in a 16th century Italian style. The bottom of the spoon has a sea-shell shape and a carved leaf design on its back.

Teaspoon

This teaspoon is used in a tea-caddy and is carved out of boxwood in a 16th century Italian style. The…

A slender-fronded fern with pinnae that are narrower than those of a regular Pteris serrulata, and has saw-edged leaves. They are commonly found in China.

Pteris Serrulata Tenuifolia

A slender-fronded fern with pinnae that are narrower than those of a regular Pteris serrulata, and has…

Also known as Ulmus crassifolia. The branch of a Texas Cedar Elm, native to to south central North America.

Branch of Texas Cedar Elm

Also known as Ulmus crassifolia. The branch of a Texas Cedar Elm, native to to south central North America.

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

Thalia

Plants white-powdery above; plants extremely large, usually over 1 m.

"A plant of the genus <i>Sonchus</i>, primarily <i>S. oleraceus</i>, a weed of waste places, probably native in Europe and central Asia, but now diffused nearly all over the world. It is a smooth herb with a milky juice, bearing runcinate-pinnatifid leaves and rather small yellow flower heads... 1. upper part of the stem with the heads; 2. one of the basal leaves; a, a flower; b, the achene with the pappus." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Sow Thistle - Stem with Heads, Basal Leaves, Flower, Achene with Pappus

"A plant of the genus Sonchus, primarily S. oleraceus, a weed of waste places, probably native in Europe…

"Shows the head of a thyrsus composed of the leaves and berries of the ivy, and surrounded by acanthus leaves. Very frequently, also, a while fillet was tied to the pole just below the head." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Head of a thyrsus

"Shows the head of a thyrsus composed of the leaves and berries of the ivy, and surrounded by acanthus…

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

Tilia Fruit

"Fruits of Linden, with a bract joined to the peduncle and forming a wing." -Bergen, 1896

A plant which produces white or faintly pink flowers, with very small leaves and lobed leaves. They are common in Japan and bloom in May.

Pyrus Toringo

A plant which produces white or faintly pink flowers, with very small leaves and lobed leaves. They…

Also known as Quercus toumeyi. The branch of a Toumey Oak tree, native to Mexico and the United States.

Branch of Toumey Oak

Also known as Quercus toumeyi. The branch of a Toumey Oak tree, native to Mexico and the United States.

Also known as Heteromeles arbutifolia. The branch of a Toyon tree, native to California.

Branch of Toyon

Also known as Heteromeles arbutifolia. The branch of a Toyon tree, native to California.

A trembling fern with fronds ranging between 2 feet and 4 feet in length, and 6 inches and 2 feet in width. They are commonly found in greenhouses in New Zealand and Australia.

Pteris Tremula

A trembling fern with fronds ranging between 2 feet and 4 feet in length, and 6 inches and 2 feet in…

Inflourescences not expanded; the lower pistillate portion breaking up into bony, bead-like joints.

Tripsacum

Inflourescences not expanded; the lower pistillate portion breaking up into bony, bead-like joints.

"Coiling of petiole of dwarf tropaeolum." -Bergen, 1896

Tropaeolum

"Coiling of petiole of dwarf tropaeolum." -Bergen, 1896

Ending abruptly as if cut off.

Truncate

Ending abruptly as if cut off.

An enlarged, persistent style base often found on the summit of the fruits of sedges.

Tubercle

An enlarged, persistent style base often found on the summit of the fruits of sedges.

A bulbous plant with showy flowers and lanceolate leaves.

Tulip

A bulbous plant with showy flowers and lanceolate leaves.

Leaf of Tulip Tree.

Leaf of Tulip Tree

Leaf of Tulip Tree.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge lobed (lobes entire). Outline - rounded. Apex - cut almost squarely across, with a shallow hollow, giving a square look to the upper half of the leaf. Base - usually heart-shape. Leaf - three to five inches long and wide; very smooth; with four to six lobes (two lobes at the summit; at the sides two, or two large and two small). Bark - of trunk, dark ash-color and slightly rough. Flowers - four to six inches across, greenish-yellow, marked within with orange, somewhat tulip-like, fragrant solitary. May, June. Found - from Southwestern Vermont to Michigan, southward and westward. Its finest growth is in the valley of the lower Wabash River and along the western slopes of the Alleghany Mountains. General Information - Among the largest and most valuable of the North American Trees. It is usually seventy to one hundred feet high, often much higher, with a straight, clear trunk, that divides rather abruptly at the summit into coarse and straggling branches. The wood is light and soft, straight grained, and easily worked, with the heart wood light yellow or brown, and the thin sap wood nearly white. It is very widely and variously used - for construction, for interior finish, for shingles, in boat-building, for the panels of carriages, especially in the making of wooden pumps and wooden ware of different kings. I asked a carpenter: "Hope, is n't it the tulip wood (which you call poplar*) that the carriage-makers use for their panels?" "Yes, and the reason is, because it shapes so easily. If you take a panel and wet one side, and hold the other side to a hot stove-pipe, the piece will just hub the pipe. It's the best wood there is for panelling." "Of all the trees of North America with deciduous leaves, the tulip tree, next to the buttonwood, attains the amplest dimensions, while the perfect straightness and uniform diameter of its trunk for upwards of forty feet, the more regular disposition of its branches, and the greater richness of its foliage, give it a decided superiority over the buttonwood and entitle it to be considered as one of the most magnificent vegetables of the temperate zone." - Michaux. *The name should be dropped. The tree is not a poplar. The tulip tree was very highly esteemed by the ancients; so much so that in some of their festivals they are said to have honored it by pouring over its roots libations of wine.

Genus Liriodendron, L. (Tulip Tree)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge lobed (lobes entire). Outline - rounded. Apex - cut almost squarely…

Top shaped or conical with the broad end uppermost.

Turbinate

Top shaped or conical with the broad end uppermost.

Also known as Quercus cerris. The branch of a Turkey Oak tree, native to southern Europe.

Branch of Turkey Oak

Also known as Quercus cerris. The branch of a Turkey Oak tree, native to southern Europe.

This illustration shows 4 types of simple leaves: 1. Linear (an elongated version of the elliptical); 2. Lanceolate; 3. elliptical; 4. ovate.

Types of Simple Leaves

This illustration shows 4 types of simple leaves: 1. Linear (an elongated version of the elliptical);…

This illustration shows two types of leaves derived from the circular type: 5. Palmately lobed; 6. Orbicular and pelate.

Types of Simple Leaves Derived from the Circular Type

This illustration shows two types of leaves derived from the circular type: 5. Palmately lobed; 6. Orbicular…

Sheaths abruptly contracted to blade of leaf; leaves without keels.

Typha

Sheaths abruptly contracted to blade of leaf; leaves without keels.

A type of flat topped flower cluster.

Umbel

A type of flat topped flower cluster.

A branch from an Umbellularia californica tree, native to the forests of California and Oregon.

Branch of Umbellularia Californica

A branch from an Umbellularia californica tree, native to the forests of California and Oregon.

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short, sharp-pointed. Base, pointed. Leaf - twelve to thirty-six inches long, six to eight inches wide; rather dark green above; lighter beneath; silky when young, but soon smooth; growing in clusters at the ends of the branches. Bark - smoothish and light. Flowers - seven to eight inches across, at the ends of the branches, white, and fragrant. May, June. Fruit - in a cylinder-shaped bunch, four to five inches long, and rose-colored as it ripens. Found - in Southeastern Pennsylvania and southward along the Alleghany Mountains, and in cultivation. <p>General Information - A tree twenty to thirty feet high, with irregular branches, and light, soft wood. As in other magnolias the juice is bitter and fragrant. From "magnol," the name of a botanist of the seventeenth century.

Genus Magnolia, L. (Magnolia)

Leaves - Simple, alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or slightly reverse egg-shape. Apex, short,…

With a wavy margin.

Undulate

With a wavy margin.

A plant with dense amounts of leaves. The stems grow up to 5 feet, and are commonly found in Siberia.

Rheum Undulatum

A plant with dense amounts of leaves. The stems grow up to 5 feet, and are commonly found in Siberia.

This tea urn is designed with flowers around its rim. The rim and cover has a design of a figure that is part female, part leaf design. It is used to hold tea, and has a faucet attached at the bottom to pour the tea.

Tea Urn

This tea urn is designed with flowers around its rim. The rim and cover has a design of a figure that…

This tea urn is designed with scrolls and standing figures around its body. The rim and cover has a design of a figure that is part female, part leaf design. It is used to hold tea, and has a faucet attached at the bottom to pour the tea.

Tea Urn

This tea urn is designed with scrolls and standing figures around its body. The rim and cover has a…

Leaves dissected and bearing bladders.

Utricularia

Leaves dissected and bearing bladders.

Branches of stem bearing small bladders; slowers showy, purple.

Utricularia

Branches of stem bearing small bladders; slowers showy, purple.

Submerged leaves bearing bladders; flowers irregular, showy ellow or purple.

Utricularia

Submerged leaves bearing bladders; flowers irregular, showy ellow or purple.

No leaf-sheaths present; flower cluster consisting of one to several showy, irregular, yellow, or purple blossoms.

Utricularia

No leaf-sheaths present; flower cluster consisting of one to several showy, irregular, yellow, or purple…

A slender wide-creeping fern with grey and/or reddish-brown scales. They are commonly found between Jamaica and Paraguay.

Polypodium Vacciniifolium

A slender wide-creeping fern with grey and/or reddish-brown scales. They are commonly found between…

Of the Valerian family (Valerianaceae), the corn salad (Valerianella Woodsiana).

Valerianella Woodsiana

Of the Valerian family (Valerianaceae), the corn salad (Valerianella Woodsiana).

Also known as Quercus lobata. The branch of a Valley Oak tree, native to California.

Branch of Valley Oak

Also known as Quercus lobata. The branch of a Valley Oak tree, native to California.

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, showing a central dense and a peripheral less dense zone.

Vallisneria

Leaf, when examined with hand lends, showing a central dense and a peripheral less dense zone.

This vase is shown with a lid. It has a leaf design.

Vase

This vase is shown with a lid. It has a leaf design.

This two handled vase is made out of stoneware in floral and leaf design.

Two Handled Vase

This two handled vase is made out of stoneware in floral and leaf design.

The formation of new leaves.

Circinate Vernation

The formation of new leaves.

A vine and leaf divider.

Vine Divider

A vine and leaf divider.

A shrub that is native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. It reaches up to 13 feet in height, and is covered in small oval leaves and yellow flowers. The fruit produced on this shrub is sour, but edible, and rich in Vitamin C.

Berberis Vulgaris

A shrub that is native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. It reaches up to 13 feet in height,…

"Wake-robin (Arum maculatum)."-Whitney, 1902

Wake-Robin

"Wake-robin (Arum maculatum)."-Whitney, 1902

"The Phasmina includes some curious insects, one species of which is the Walking-leaf, <em>Phyllium siccifolium</em>, in which the body is flat and thin, and the wings form large, leaf-like organs, covering the whole abdomen, and furnished with regularly reticulated nevures, which give them exactly the appearance of a leaf." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Walking Leaf

"The Phasmina includes some curious insects, one species of which is the Walking-leaf, Phyllium…

Also known as Betula fontinalis. A species of birch native to North America.

Branch of Water Birch

Also known as Betula fontinalis. A species of birch native to North America.

This illustration shows a water crowfoot, with broad, floating leaves, and much-cut, submerged leaves.

Water Crowfoot

This illustration shows a water crowfoot, with broad, floating leaves, and much-cut, submerged leaves.

Also known as Planera aquatica. The branch of a Water Elm tree, native to the southeastern United States.

Branch of Water Elm

Also known as Planera aquatica. The branch of a Water Elm tree, native to the southeastern United States.