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Embryo of Abronia umbellata; one of the cotyledons very small.

Abronia

Embryo of Abronia umbellata; one of the cotyledons very small.

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the minute caulicle.

Acorn

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the…

Nut (acorn) of the Oak, with its cup or cupule.

Acorn

Nut (acorn) of the Oak, with its cup or cupule.

Utricle (pyxis) of Amaranth, opening all around (circumscissile).

Amaranth

Utricle (pyxis) of Amaranth, opening all around (circumscissile).

Section of a seed of Barberry, showing the straight embryo in the middle of the albumen.

Barberry

Section of a seed of Barberry, showing the straight embryo in the middle of the albumen.

"Bee, the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which the most important is the common hive or honey bee." -Vaughan, 1906

Bee Pollinating a Flower

"Bee, the common name given to a large family of hymenopterous or membranous-winged insects, of which…

A Beech-nut, cut across.

Beech-nut

A Beech-nut, cut across.

Beginning germination of the Beech, showing the plumule growing before the cotyledons have opened or the root has scarcely formed.

Beech-nut Germination

Beginning germination of the Beech, showing the plumule growing before the cotyledons have opened or…

Older beech with the plumule-leaves developing, and elevated on a long internodes.

Beech-nut Germination Older

Older beech with the plumule-leaves developing, and elevated on a long internodes.

Akene of a Buttercup.

Buttercup

Akene of a Buttercup.

Akene of a Buttercup, divided lengthwise, to show the contained seed.

Akene of a Buttercup

Akene of a Buttercup, divided lengthwise, to show the contained seed.

Embryo of Calycanthus; upper part cut away, to show the convolute cotyledons.

Embryo of Calycanthus

Embryo of Calycanthus; upper part cut away, to show the convolute cotyledons.

One of Catalpa, the kernel cut to show the embryo.

Catalpa

One of Catalpa, the kernel cut to show the embryo.

Seed of a Chickweed, campylotropous.

Seed of a Chickweed

Seed of a Chickweed, campylotropous.

Embryo of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); caulicle bent down over edge of cotyledons.

Common Bean

Embryo of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); caulicle bent down over edge of cotyledons.

Caulicle well lengthened and root beginning; thick cotyledons partly spreading; plumule (pair of leaves) growing between them.

Common Bean Seedling

Caulicle well lengthened and root beginning; thick cotyledons partly spreading; plumule (pair of leaves)…

Flower of a Crassula.

Crassula

Flower of a Crassula.

Of the Dandelion, its pappus raised on a long beak.

Dandelion

Of the Dandelion, its pappus raised on a long beak.

Samara of the American Elm, winged all around.

American Elm

Samara of the American Elm, winged all around.

A fig-fruit when young.

Fig-Fruit

A fig-fruit when young.

Magnified portion of a fig-fruit, a slice, showing some of the flowers.

Fig-Fruit Flowers

Magnified portion of a fig-fruit, a slice, showing some of the flowers.

A fig-fruit when young in section.

Fig-Fruit Section

A fig-fruit when young in section.

Section of a seed of the Iris, or Flower-de-Luce, enlarged, showing its small embryo in the albumen, near the bottom.

Flower-de-Luce

Section of a seed of the Iris, or Flower-de-Luce, enlarged, showing its small embryo in the albumen,…

Germination of Silver Maple, natural size; merely the base of the fruit, containing the seed, is shown.

Germination of Silver Maple

Germination of Silver Maple, natural size; merely the base of the fruit, containing the seed, is shown.

Half of a horse-chestnut, similarly cut; the caulicle is curved down on the side of one of the thick cotyledons.

Horse Chestnut

Half of a horse-chestnut, similarly cut; the caulicle is curved down on the side of one of the thick…

Horse-chestnut in germination; footstalks are formed to the cotyledons, pushing out in their lengthening the growing parts.

Horse Chestnut in Germination

Horse-chestnut in germination; footstalks are formed to the cotyledons, pushing out in their lengthening…

A germinating seedling of the Iris, its plumule developed into the first four leaves (alternate), the first one rudimentary; the cotyledon remains in the seed.

Iris Germinating

A germinating seedling of the Iris, its plumule developed into the first four leaves (alternate), the…

Capsule of Iris, with loculicidal dehiscence; below, cut across.

Capsule of Iris

Capsule of Iris, with loculicidal dehiscence; below, cut across.

Caulicle with plumule developed into internodes and pair of leaves.

Large Common Bean Seedling

Caulicle with plumule developed into internodes and pair of leaves.

Follicle of Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)

Marigold

Follicle of Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris)

Pod of a Marsh St. John's-wort, with septicidal dehiscence.

Marsh St. John's-wort

Pod of a Marsh St. John's-wort, with septicidal dehiscence.

Akene of Mayweed (no pappus)

Mayweed

Akene of Mayweed (no pappus)

Seed of Milkweed, with a <em>Coma</em> or tuft of long silky hairs at one end.

Milkweed

Seed of Milkweed, with a Coma or tuft of long silky hairs at one end.

Pictured is a milkweed flower showing pollination. The pollen coheres into a waxy mass. The pollen-masses are usually twin (as at b), and the handle or caudicle lies in a chink on the side of the stigma.

Milkweed Flower

Pictured is a milkweed flower showing pollination. The pollen coheres into a waxy mass. The pollen-masses…

Embryo taken out whole and unfolded; the broad and very thin cotyledons notched at summit; the caulicle below.

Morning Glory Embryo

Embryo taken out whole and unfolded; the broad and very thin cotyledons notched at summit; the caulicle…

Seed of Morning Glory divided, moderately magnified; shows a longitudinal section through the centre of the embryo as it lies crumpled in the albumen.

Morning Glory Seed

Seed of Morning Glory divided, moderately magnified; shows a longitudinal section through the centre…

Seedling of Morning Glory more advanced (root cut away); cotyledons well developed into foliage-leaves: succeeding internode and leaf well developed, and the next forming.

Morning Glory Seedling

Seedling of Morning Glory more advanced (root cut away); cotyledons well developed into foliage-leaves:…

Morning Glory seedling advanced.

Morning Glory Seedling Advanced

Morning Glory seedling advanced.

The fruit is a multiple fruit, 2-3 cm long, red ripening to dark purple, edible, and sweet with a good flavor in several species.

Mulberry

The fruit is a multiple fruit, 2-3 cm long, red ripening to dark purple, edible, and sweet with a good…

One of the grains younger, seen to be a pistillate flower with calyx becoming fleshy.

Mulberry Grains

One of the grains younger, seen to be a pistillate flower with calyx becoming fleshy.

Section of an Onion-seed, showing the slender and the coiled embryo in the albumen.

Onion Seed

Section of an Onion-seed, showing the slender and the coiled embryo in the albumen.

Also known as Orchis morio. A depiction of the pollination of an orchid, where a hive bee is sucking nectar from the flower.

Pollination of an Orchid

Also known as Orchis morio. A depiction of the pollination of an orchid, where a hive bee is sucking…

Fruit (cremocarp) of Osmorrhiza; the two akene-like ripe carpals separating at maturity from a slender axis or carpophores.

Osmorrhiza

Fruit (cremocarp) of Osmorrhiza; the two akene-like ripe carpals separating at maturity from a slender…

Embryo of pea, i.e. a pea with the coats removed; the short and thick caulicle presented to view.

Pea Embryo

Embryo of pea, i.e. a pea with the coats removed; the short and thick caulicle presented to view.

Pea germination: the plumule has developed four or five internodes, bearing single leaves; but the first and second leaves are mere scales, the third begins to serve as foliage; the next more so.

Pea Germination

Pea germination: the plumule has developed four or five internodes, bearing single leaves; but the first…

An expanded view of a blossom of pea. V-Vexillum; al-Alae, with Carina in between.

Blossom of Pea

An expanded view of a blossom of pea. V-Vexillum; al-Alae, with Carina in between.

Section of a seed of a Peony, showing a very small embryo in the albumen, near one end.

Peony

Section of a seed of a Peony, showing a very small embryo in the albumen, near one end.

Utricle of the common Pigweed (Chenopodium album).

Common Pigweed

Utricle of the common Pigweed (Chenopodium album).

Section of a Pine-seed, showing its polycotyledonous embryo in the centre of the albumen; moderately magnified.

Section of Pine-seed

Section of a Pine-seed, showing its polycotyledonous embryo in the centre of the albumen; moderately…

Seedling of pine-seed, showing the freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just appearing.

Seedling of Pine-seed

Seedling of pine-seed, showing the freshly expanded six cotyledons in a whorl, and the plumule just…

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

Pitch Pine

Cone of a common Pitch Pine.

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

Pitch Pine Seed

Inside view of a separated scale or open carpel of a Pitch Pine cone with a seed in place.

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

Pitch Pine Seed Wing

The seed of a Pitch Pine cone.

An image of a strawberry plant in flower. There are numerous short Stamens that are readily accessible to insects.

Strawberry Plant

An image of a strawberry plant in flower. There are numerous short Stamens that are readily accessible…

Section of a Potato-seed, showing the embryo coiled in the albumen.

Potato-seed

Section of a Potato-seed, showing the embryo coiled in the albumen.

Young pumpkin seedling.

Pumpkin Seedling

Young pumpkin seedling.

Embryo of Pumpkin-seed, partly open.

Pumpkin-Seed

Embryo of Pumpkin-seed, partly open.

One of the pair of keys or winged fruits of Red Maple; the seed-bearing portion cut open to show the seed.

Red Maple

One of the pair of keys or winged fruits of Red Maple; the seed-bearing portion cut open to show the…

Embryo taken out and partly opened.

Red Maple Embryo

Embryo taken out and partly opened.

Seed enlarged, and divided to show the crumpled embryo which fills it.

Red Maple Seed

Seed enlarged, and divided to show the crumpled embryo which fills it.