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Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 1

Ellipse Fourth Method Case 1

Draftsman's fourth method for drawing an ellipse, case 1

Draftsman's third method for drawing an ellipse

Ellipse Third Method

Draftsman's third method for drawing an ellipse

Illustration showing that if one diameter is conjugate to a second, the second is conjugate to the first.

Conjugate Diameters of an Ellipse

Illustration showing that if one diameter is conjugate to a second, the second is conjugate to the first.

Illustration of half of an ellipse and its auxiliary circle used to construct an ellipse by points, having given its two axes.

Construction of an Ellipse

Illustration of half of an ellipse and its auxiliary circle used to construct an ellipse by points,…

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "If d denotes the abscissa of a point of an ellipse, r and r' its focal radii, then r'=a+ed, r=a-ed."

Focal Radii of an Ellipse

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "If d denotes the abscissa of a point of an ellipse, r and r' its…

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "If through a point P of an ellipse a line is drawn bisecting the angle between one of the focal radii and the other produced, every point in this line except P is without the curve."

Line Bisecting Angle Between Focal Radii on Ellipse

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "If through a point P of an ellipse a line is drawn bisecting the…

Illustration of half of an ellipse. The square of the ordinate of a point in an ellipse is to the product of the segments of the major axis made by the ordinate as the square of b to the square of a.

Ordinate and Major Axis of Ellipse

Illustration of half of an ellipse. The square of the ordinate of a point in an ellipse is to the product…

Illustration showing that tangents drawn at the ends of any diameter are parallel to each other.

Parallel Tangents to an Ellipse

Illustration showing that tangents drawn at the ends of any diameter are parallel to each other.

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "The sum of the distances of any point from the foci of an ellipse is greater than or less than 2a, according as the point is without or within the curve."

Point Distances to Foci on Ellipse

Illustration of half of an ellipse. "The sum of the distances of any point from the foci of an ellipse…

Illustration of how to draw a tangent to an ellipse from an external point.

Tangent From External Point to an Ellipse

Illustration of how to draw a tangent to an ellipse from an external point.

Diagram an ellipse with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the ellipse and bisecting the external angle between the focal radii is a tangent."

Tangent to an Ellipse

Diagram an ellipse with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the ellipse and bisecting…

Illustration showing the tangents drawn at two corresponding points of an ellipse and its auxiliary circle cut the major axis produced at the same point.

Tangents to an Ellipse

Illustration showing the tangents drawn at two corresponding points of an ellipse and its auxiliary…

An illustration showing how to construct an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. "With the radius of the circle and center C draw the arc DFE; with the same radius, and D and E as centers, set off the points A and B. Join A and B, B and C, C and A, which will be the required triangle."

Construction Of An Equilateral Triangle Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. "With the radius…

This diagram shows the bones of the right fore-arm. H, the humerus; R, the radius; and U, the ulna.

Forearm Bones

This diagram shows the bones of the right fore-arm. H, the humerus; R, the radius; and U, the ulna.

Transverse section through the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), taken at about the middle of their length (schematized).

Forearm Bones

Transverse section through the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna), taken at about the middle of…

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Back View of the Bones of the Forearm

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Bones of the right forearm,with their ligaments; volar aspect.

Bones and Ligaments of Forearm

Bones of the right forearm,with their ligaments; volar aspect.

Section one inch above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section One Inch above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section one inch above the styloid process of the right radius.

Section three inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Three Inches above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section three inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Section through the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Through the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section through the styloid process of the right radius.

Section two inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

Cross Section Two Inches above the Styloid Process of the Forearm

Section two inches above the styloid process of the right radius.

The bones of the right forearm, dorsal view.

Dorsal View of the Bones of the Forearm

The bones of the right forearm, dorsal view.

Front view of the bones of the forearm

Front View of the Bones of the Forearm

Front view of the bones of the forearm

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus have been removed.

Muscles and Nerves of the Forearm

The muscles and nerves on the front of the forearm and hand. The pronator radii teres, flexor carpi…

Section across the forearm in the middle third. Labels: A, pronator radii teres; B, flexor carpi radialis; C, flexor sublimis digitorum; D, palmaris longus; E, flexor carpi ulnaris; F, flexor profundus digitorum; G, extensor carpi ulnaris; H, extensor longus pollicis; I, extensor communis digitorum; J, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis; K, extensor carpi radialis brevior; L, extensor carpi radialis longior; M, brachio-radialis; a, radius; b, interosseous membrane; c, ulna; 1, radial nerve; 2, radial artery; 3, anterior interosseous artery; 4, anterior interosseons nerve (underneath flexor longus pollicis); 5, median nerve; 6, ulnar artery; 7, ulnar nerve; 8, posterior interosseous artery; 9, posterior interosseous nerve.

Section Across Forearm

Section across the forearm in the middle third. Labels: A, pronator radii teres; B, flexor carpi radialis;…

A section across the forearm a short distance below the elbow-joint. R and U, its two supporting bones, the radius and ulna; e, the epidermis, and d, the dermis of the skin; the latter is continuous below with bands of connective tissue, s, which penetrate between and invest the muscles, which are indicated by numbers; n, n, nerves and vessels.

Forearm, Section of

A section across the forearm a short distance below the elbow-joint. R and U, its two supporting bones,…

The bones of the right forearm, ventral view.

Ventral View of the Bones of the Forearm

The bones of the right forearm, ventral view.

Two students drawing geometrical shapes on the chalkboard. A student is also using a scale while students sitting at desks take notes.

Geometry

Two students drawing geometrical shapes on the chalkboard. A student is also using a scale while students…

The little finger on the left hand can guide the needle point of the compass to the center.

Guiding Needle Point of Compass to Little Finger

The little finger on the left hand can guide the needle point of the compass to the center.

A anterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

Hand Ligaments

A anterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

A posterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

Hand Ligaments

A posterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

An illustration showing how to construct a hexagon in a given circle. "The radius of the circle is equal to the side of the hexagon."

Construction Of A Hexagon In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a hexagon in a given circle. "The radius of the circle is equal…

Diagram part of a hyperbola with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the hyperbola and bisecting the internal angle between the focal radii is a tangent."

Tangent to a Hyperbola

Diagram part of a hyperbola with a tangent line that illustrates "A line through a point on the hyperbola…

"Showing how the Ends of the Bones are shaped to form the Elbow Joint. The cut ends of a few ligaments are seen." — Blaisedell, 1904

Elbow Joint

"Showing how the Ends of the Bones are shaped to form the Elbow Joint. The cut ends of a few ligaments…

A view of the left scaphoid seen from behind.

Left Scaphoid

A view of the left scaphoid seen from behind.

A view of the left scaphoid seen from in front.

Left Scaphoid

A view of the left scaphoid seen from in front.

A view of the left semilunar from the external surface.

Left Semilunar

A view of the left semilunar from the external surface.

"Skeleton and volar Membranes of the Noctule Bat. c, clavicle; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna; d1, first digit or pollex; d2, d3, d4, d5, other digits of the manus supporting um, the wing-membrane; m, m, metacarpal bones; ph1, first phalanx; ph2, second phalanx; ph3, third phalanx; am, antebrachial membrane; f, femur; t, tibia; fb, fibula (rudimentary); c, calcaneum or calcar supporting im, the interfemoral membrane; pcl, post-calcaneal lobe." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Noctule Bat

"Skeleton and volar Membranes of the Noctule Bat. c, clavicle; h, humerus; r, radius; u, ulna; d1, first…

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and from the center C erect the perpendicular CD. Bisect the radius AC at E; with E as center, and DE as radius, draw the arc DE, and the straight line DF is the length of the side of the pentagon."

Construction Of A Pentagon Inscribed In A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon inscribed in a circle. "Draw the diameter AB, and…

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line. "From B erect BC perpendicular to and half the length of AB; join A and C prolonged to D; with C as center and CB as radius, draw the arc BD; then the chord BB is the radius of the circle circumscribing the pentagon. With A and B as centers, and BD as radius, draw the cross O in the center."

Construction Of A Pentagon On A Line

An illustration showing how to construct a pentagon on a given line. "From B erect BC perpendicular…

Illustration showing a circle inscribed in a regular pentagon. Or, a regular pentagon circumscribed about a circle.

Regular Pentagon With Circle Inscribed

Illustration showing a circle inscribed in a regular pentagon. Or, a regular pentagon circumscribed…

Illustration of a circle with center O and diameters AB and CD perpendicular to each other.

Circle With 2 Perpendicular Diameters

Illustration of a circle with center O and diameters AB and CD perpendicular to each other.

Illustration used to draw lines which are radii of a circle where the center is inaccessible.

Construction of Radii of a Circle

Illustration used to draw lines which are radii of a circle where the center is inaccessible.

The plan of development of the radius for three centuries.

Radius

The plan of development of the radius for three centuries.

The radial bone in the human arm.

Radius

The radial bone in the human arm.

Anterior view of radius (bone of the arm) of the right side. Labels: 1, cylindrical head; 2, surface for lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna; 3, neck of the radius; 4, its tubercle, for insertion of biceps muscle; 5, interosseous ridge; 5, interosseous ridge; 6, concavity for lower end of the ulna; 7, lower end of the ulna; 7, carpal surface; 8, styloid process; 9, surface for pronator quadratus muscle.

Radius

Anterior view of radius (bone of the arm) of the right side. Labels: 1, cylindrical head; 2, surface…

The radius, a bone of the arm.

Radius

The radius, a bone of the arm.

An anterior view of the radius and ulna.

Radius and Ulna

An anterior view of the radius and ulna.

A posterior view of the radius and ulna.

Radius and Ulna

A posterior view of the radius and ulna.

Right radius from before.

Radius from Before

Right radius from before.

Right radius from behind.

Radius from Behind

Right radius from behind.

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to a sticky, watery fluid, which gradually becomes thicker, like a syrup or jelly. This is slowly replaced by a new bone structure and forms a kind of cement to gold together the broken ends." — Blaisedell, 1904

Broken Radius

"When a bone is broken, blood trickles out between the injured parts, and afterwards gives place to…

Carpal articular surface of the radius, and triangular fibro cartilage of the wrist.

Carpal Articular Surface of the Radius

Carpal articular surface of the radius, and triangular fibro cartilage of the wrist.

Showing the situation of Colle's fracture of the radius, with fracture of the styloid of the ulna. The usual position of a fraction of the scaphoid is also indicated.

Colle's Fraction of the Radius

Showing the situation of Colle's fracture of the radius, with fracture of the styloid of the ulna. The…

Fracture of the shaft of the radius.

Fractured Radius

Fracture of the shaft of the radius.

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

Fractured Radius

Fracture of the lower end of the radius.

Right radius, inner aspect.

Inner Aspect of Radius

Right radius, inner aspect.

Orbicular ligament of the radius.

Orbicular Ligament of the Radius

Orbicular ligament of the radius.

Illustration of ring (small circle in larger concentric circle).

Ring Made of Concentric Circles

Illustration of ring (small circle in larger concentric circle).

Illustration of ring (small circle in larger concentric circle) with piece cut out.

Ring With Piece Cut Out

Illustration of ring (small circle in larger concentric circle) with piece cut out.