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Illustration of a Roman soldier, also called a legionary, carrying a shield, short sword, and a short javelin for throwing. He is wearing sandals, traditional armor, and a helmet.

A Roman Soldier, or Legionary, with a Short Javelin and Shield

Illustration of a Roman soldier, also called a legionary, carrying a shield, short sword, and a short…

A device used for counting.

Roman Abacus

A device used for counting.

Flavius Aetius (396-454) was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.

Flavius Aetius

Flavius Aetius (396-454) was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.

Scipio Africanus (236-183 BC) was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic.

Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus

Scipio Africanus (236-183 BC) was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic.

"In order that [Alaric's] body might be saved from the gaze of the vulgar and the rage of his foes, he gave direction that it should be buried in the bed of the river Busentinus."—Ridpath, 1885

The Burial of Alaric in the Bed of the Busentinus

"In order that [Alaric's] body might be saved from the gaze of the vulgar and the rage of his foes,…

"Arms of Alexander VI. (Borgia)" — Young, 1901

Alexander VI

"Arms of Alexander VI. (Borgia)" — Young, 1901

Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps.

Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps

Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps.

"Amphitheatre at Rome." — Goodrich, 1844

Roman amphitheatre

"Amphitheatre at Rome." — Goodrich, 1844

"According to the ancient authorities, it was made of bronze, and its form was oval, but with the two sides receding inward with an even curvature, and so as to make it broader at the ends than in the middle. The original ancile was said to have fallen from the skies in the time of Numa. To secure its preservation, Numa ordered eleven other shields to be made exactly like it. These twelve <em>ancilia</em> were kept in the temple of Mars Gradivus, and were taken from it only once a year, on the kalends of March. The feast of the god was then observed during several days; when the Salii, or priests of Mars, twelve in number, carried the sacred shields about the city, singing songs in praise of Mars, Numa, and Mamurius Veturius, who made the eleven. They at the same time performed a dance, in which they struck the shield with rods, so as to keep time with their voices and with the movements of the dance." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Ancilia

"According to the ancient authorities, it was made of bronze, and its form was oval, but with the two…

The Roman antefix is is found in the temple of Jupiter Stator in Rome, Italy. This design is found on the lower roof line in front of the imbrices (overlapping roof tiles).

Roman Antefix

The Roman antefix is is found in the temple of Jupiter Stator in Rome, Italy. This design is found on…

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous, cast himself for his master's sake into the Nile, and was drowned. t appears that the oracle at Besa had informed the Emperor that impending calamity could be averted only by the self-sacrifice of the one whom he most loved. Antinous believed himself to be designated as the offering, and accordingly gave his life to the river."&mdash;Ridpath, 1885

Antinous

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous,…

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist clothed in royal purple. He was born A.D. 121, adopted by Antoninus Pius in 138, became consul in 140, and succeeded his adoptive father as emperor in 161." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist…

"The apex was a cap worn by the Flamines and Salii at Rome." — Anthon, 1891

Apex

"The apex was a cap worn by the Flamines and Salii at Rome." — Anthon, 1891

An ancient sculpture representing an athlete using a strigil to scrape sweat and dust off his body.

Apoxyomenos

An ancient sculpture representing an athlete using a strigil to scrape sweat and dust off his body.

"A conduit for conveying water more particularly applied to structures for conveying water from distant sources for the supply of large cities." &mdash; Williams, 1889

Aqueduct

"A conduit for conveying water more particularly applied to structures for conveying water from distant…

A Roman aqudect.

Roman aqueduct

A Roman aqudect.

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ruined aqueducts

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." — Young, 1901

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

Aquilifer

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ambo in the Ara Coeli

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." — Young, 1901

The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal arch in Rome between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill.

Arch of Constantine

The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal arch in Rome between the Colosseum and the Palatine Hill.

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." &mdash; Young, 1901

Arms of Rome

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." — Young, 1901

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

Carthaginian Art

Remains of Carthaginian art from Duruy's "History of Rome."

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Athena and Argo

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

"Among the anceient Romans, a functionary whose duty it was to observe and to interpret, according to traditional rules, the auspices, or reputed natural signs concerning future events."-Whitney, 1902.

Auger

"Among the anceient Romans, a functionary whose duty it was to observe and to interpret, according to…

"Represents a Roman augur, with his litmus or divining staff, observing the signs in the heavens." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Roman augur

"Represents a Roman augur, with his litmus or divining staff, observing the signs in the heavens." —…

The Centaurs and Bacchantes comes from mural paintings found in ancient Pompeii, Rome. It is imaginary wild monsters with the fore part of a man and the hinder of a horse.

Centuars and Bacchantes

The Centaurs and Bacchantes comes from mural paintings found in ancient Pompeii, Rome. It is imaginary…

The two Centaurs and Bacchantes comes from mural paintings found in ancient Pompeii, Rome. It is imaginary wild monsters with the fore part of a man and the hinder of a horse.

Multiple Centuars and Bacchantes

The two Centaurs and Bacchantes comes from mural paintings found in ancient Pompeii, Rome. It is imaginary…

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones instead of darts.

Ballista

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones…

Illustration of the life-size marble statue located in Munich, Germany. It was found in 1620 in a moat below Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. Satyrs attended Dionysus. The satyr in this scuplture is leaning back with his arm behind his head. He has two small horns on his forehead, but otherwise no goat-like features. "In classical myth, a sylvan deity, representing the luxuriant forces of Nature, and closely connected with the worship of Baachus." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

The Barberini Faun, or Drunken Satyr

Illustration of the life-size marble statue located in Munich, Germany. It was found in 1620 in a moat…

This Roman base is a design found in the Capitalone museum of Rome, Italy. It is a design of leaves encircling the bottom the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is a design found in the Capitalone museum of Rome, Italy. It is a design of leaves…

This Roman base is found in the Temple of Concord in Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration, where a row of artificial leaves encircle the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is found in the Temple of Concord in Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration,…

This Roman base is found in the Baptistery of Constantinople, Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration, where a row of artificial leaves encircle the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is found in the Baptistery of Constantinople, Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of…

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 15th century." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Basilica

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 15th century." —…

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Basilica

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." —…

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Basilica

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Section of the Basilica of Maxentius or Constantine (Temple of Peace)." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of Constantine

"Section of the Basilica of Maxentius or Constantine (Temple of Peace)." — Encyclopediia Britannica,…

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of Old St Peter

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." —…

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of St Agnese

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

The St. Peter's Basilica is located within the Vatican city in Rome, Italy. This drawing shows the architecture of the front of the church. It was built in 1626 in a Renaissance and Baroque style. The church was named after one of Jesus's twelve disciples, Simon known as Peter.

St. Peter's Basilica

The St. Peter's Basilica is located within the Vatican city in Rome, Italy. This drawing shows the architecture…

"In the Brave Days of Old." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Roman battle

"In the Brave Days of Old." —Bulfinch, 1897

Roman standard Bearer

Bearer

Roman standard Bearer

Belsarius was ordered to have his eyes put out, and was reduced to a homeless beggar.

Blind Belsarius

Belsarius was ordered to have his eyes put out, and was reduced to a homeless beggar.

An illustration of the bell tower at St. Giorgio in Velabro, Rome.

Bell Tower

An illustration of the bell tower at St. Giorgio in Velabro, Rome.

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." &mdash; Young, 1901

Benedict XIV

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." — Young, 1901

Illustration of a bishop sitting on an ornately decorated cathedra. A crosier, pastoral staff, rests against his left shoulder. The view is of the left side of the bishop and throne. There are columns in the background, to the right of the throne. A cathedral is a church that is the cathedra, or seat, of a bishop.

A Bishop Sitting on a Bishop's Throne Called a Cathedra

Illustration of a bishop sitting on an ornately decorated cathedra. A crosier, pastoral staff, rests…

This Serpent antique bracelet is in the form of a viper. It came from Pompeii, Rome.

Antique Serpent Bracelet

This Serpent antique bracelet is in the form of a viper. It came from Pompeii, Rome.

(1444-1514) Italian architect who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome with his most famous work, St. Peter's Basilica.

Donato Bramante

(1444-1514) Italian architect who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance…

The Laurel branches were found in a the silver treasure of Hildesheim, Rome.

Laurel Branches

The Laurel branches were found in a the silver treasure of Hildesheim, Rome.

Men building the bridge that led to Rome.

Bridge

Men building the bridge that led to Rome.

Men building the bridge that led to Rome, a fatal task.

Bridge

Men building the bridge that led to Rome, a fatal task.

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain. He then withdrew into his winter-quarters in Gaul, but in the following year returned into the island, defeated the British Celts under their king Cassivellaunus, and reduced the country to a dependency, compelling the Britons to pay tribute and give hostages."

Landing of the Romans in Britain

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain.…

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.