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"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." — Anthon, 1891

Coin of Temple of Janus

"The Temple of Janus is represented as closed." — Anthon, 1891

The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome.

Temple of Jupiter

The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome.

"The Round temple in the Piazza Bocca Della Verita." — Young, 1901

Round temple

"The Round temple in the Piazza Bocca Della Verita." — Young, 1901

This stone terminus bust is an Italian Renascence design found in the Villa Massimi in Rome, Italy.

Stone Terminus Bust

This stone terminus bust is an Italian Renascence design found in the Villa Massimi in Rome, Italy.

"A relief from the Column of Trajan, Rome. The name testudo, a tortoise (shell), was applied to the covering made by a body of soldiers who placed their shields over their heads. The shields fitted so closely together that men could walk on them and even horses and chariots could be driven over them."—Webster, 1913

A Testudo

"A relief from the Column of Trajan, Rome. The name testudo, a tortoise (shell), was applied to the…

Teutoboch was a legendary king of the Teutons, a Germanic tribe.

The Capture of Teutoboch

Teutoboch was a legendary king of the Teutons, a Germanic tribe.

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches of Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto. In the center of the plaza is an Egyptian obelisk of Sety I from Heliopolis. The twin churches were completed in 1681 and the engraving was published in 1872 and so must represent a time between those two dates.

The Piazza del Popolo in Rome

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches…

"The two-storied marble structure is capped by an enormous monolith weighing over 300 tons."—Webster, 1913

Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna

"The two-storied marble structure is capped by an enormous monolith weighing over 300 tons."—Webster,…

"The threshold was, with the ancients, an object of superstitious reverence, and it was thought unfortunate to tread on it with the left foot. On this account, the steps leading into a temple were of an uneven number, because the worshipper, after placing his right foot on the bottom step, would then place the same foot on the threshold also." — Anthon, 1891

Threshold

"The threshold was, with the ancients, an object of superstitious reverence, and it was thought unfortunate…

Emperor of Rome from 14 to 37 A.D.

Tiberius

Emperor of Rome from 14 to 37 A.D.

"In the time of Trajan, the Arch of titus and the Colossus of Nero (a gilt bronze statue 120 feet high), stood near the site now occupied by the church of S. Francesca Romana. They were removed by Hadrian to make room for the Temple of Venus and Rome, the arch being placed in its present position, and the colossus on the large square pedestal near the Colosseum, of which some remains may be still identified." — Young, 1901

Arch of Titus

"In the time of Trajan, the Arch of titus and the Colossus of Nero (a gilt bronze statue 120 feet high),…

"The following cuts represent, the first more ancient, and the second the later mode of wearing the toga." — Anthon, 1891

Roman Togas

"The following cuts represent, the first more ancient, and the second the later mode of wearing the…

Gallic Torques were heavy necklaces of braided metal. Gauls carried their wealth in the form of Gold Torques which they wore around their necks.

Gallic Torques

Gallic Torques were heavy necklaces of braided metal. Gauls carried their wealth in the form of Gold…

The temple of Jupiter torus moulding is found in Rome, Italy. It is a design of a rod that is covered with foliage.

Temple of Jupiter Torus Moulding

The temple of Jupiter torus moulding is found in Rome, Italy. It is a design of a rod that is covered…

A Roman Trading vessel laden with goods.

Trading Vessel

A Roman Trading vessel laden with goods.

Also known as Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus. Emperor of Rome from 98 to 117.

Trajan

Also known as Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus. Emperor of Rome from 98 to 117.

"Interior view of Trajan's Basilica, as restored by Canina." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Interior of Trajan's Bascilica

"Interior view of Trajan's Basilica, as restored by Canina." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

"Section of Trajan's Basilica, Rome." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Trajan's Basilica

"Section of Trajan's Basilica, Rome." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

A triumphal column in Rome, commemorating Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

Column of Trajan

A triumphal column in Rome, commemorating Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

The support of Roman table Trapezophoron is a shown in the front view and side view. It is found in the atrium of the house of Cornelius Rufus in Pompeii, Rome.

Support of Roman Table Trapezophoron

The support of Roman table Trapezophoron is a shown in the front view and side view. It is found in…

"And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. And they platted a crown of thorns and put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand; and they kneeled down before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews! And they spat upon him, and took the reed and smote him on the head." Matthew 27:28-30 ASV <p>Illustration of Jesus being scourged and beaten by the soldiers. They are placing a crown of thorns on his head. They have put a robe on him and a reed in his hands. One soldier is knelt mockingly at Jesus' feet, another soldier holds a multi-strap, leather whip. A group of people and soldiers can be seen in the background.

Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Crowned with Thorns

"And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. And they platted a crown of thorns and put it…

"Pilate saith unto them, What then shall I do unto Jesus who is called Christ? They all say, Let him be crucified. And he said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out exceedingly, saying, Let him be crucified." Matthew 27:22-23 ASV <p>Illustration of Pontius Pilate asking the people what he should do with Jesus. Jesus' hands are bound by rope, he's holding a reed, and he's wearing a crown of thorns. Pilate is dressed in a typical Roman short tunic and is wearing a laurel crown. They are standing on a high balcony and the people can be seen yelling and waving their hands down below. Two soldiers and three men are standing behind Jesus. A woman, perhaps Mary, his mother, is standing on a distant balcony.

Pilate Brings Jesus Before the People and They Ask for His Crucifixion

"Pilate saith unto them, What then shall I do unto Jesus who is called Christ? They all say, Let him…

An ancient ship used by Greeks and Romans. The ship has three rows of oars on each side, with a man operating each oar.

An Athenian Trireme

An ancient ship used by Greeks and Romans. The ship has three rows of oars on each side, with a man…

A Roman Tuba, a long narrow horn.

Roman Tuba

A Roman Tuba, a long narrow horn.

Lictors were guards of magistrates who carried fasces to show power to execute. Two men, one young, one older, stand side by side, each holding fasces. Fasces are axes bound to bundles of wooden rods. These lictors function as bodyguards. The men are wearing togas.

Two Attendants, or Lictors, of a King or Consul

Lictors were guards of magistrates who carried fasces to show power to execute. Two men, one young,…

"Arms of Urban VIII. (Barberini)" &mdash; Young, 1901

Urban VIII

"Arms of Urban VIII. (Barberini)" — Young, 1901

This vase is a window pilaster of the Cancelleria in Rome. It was designed by Bramante during the Italian Renaissance.

Vase

This vase is a window pilaster of the Cancelleria in Rome. It was designed by Bramante during the Italian…

An illustration of an ancient Roman vase.

Roman Vase

An illustration of an ancient Roman vase.

This thin vase is a pilaster of a door in San Agostino, Rome.

Thin Vase

This thin vase is a pilaster of a door in San Agostino, Rome.

"Venus and Diana are generally represented with their hair dressed in the simple style of the young Greek girls, whose hair was parted in front, and conducted round to the back of the head so as to conceal the upper part of the ears. It was then tied in a plain knot at the nape of the neck, or, at other times, though less frequently, at the top of the head." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Venus and Diana

"Venus and Diana are generally represented with their hair dressed in the simple style of the young…

The Emperor of Rome from 69 to 79.

Vespasian

The Emperor of Rome from 69 to 79.

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Coin of Vesta

"Represents Vesta seated on a throne, with the Palladium of Rome in her hand." — Anthon, 1891

A fresco painting of a Roman villa.

Roman Villa

A fresco painting of a Roman villa.

A Vinea, or Testudo, a small structure framed with wood used to protect soldiers attacking city walls.

Vinea

A Vinea, or Testudo, a small structure framed with wood used to protect soldiers attacking city walls.

A Roman war ship.

War Ship

A Roman war ship.

"Copied from the wall of a house in Pompeii, representing the vintagers treading grapes with their feet." &mdash; Goodrich, 1844

Winemaking

"Copied from the wall of a house in Pompeii, representing the vintagers treading grapes with their feet."…

"On the walls near the lantern." — Young, 1901

Woman Leaning on Wall

"On the walls near the lantern." — Young, 1901