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A common glove of the 16th century.

16th Century Glove

A common glove of the 16th century.

An illustration of a pichiciago, a small burrowing armadillo. The front half of the animal is covered in the endoskeleton. The back half of the animal is stripped of the outer skeleton so that the exoskeleton or dermoskeleton can be viewed. The scientific name of the pichiciago is <i>Chlamydophorus truncatus</i>.

Armadillo - Endoskeleton and Exoskeleton or Dermoskeleton

An illustration of a pichiciago, a small burrowing armadillo. The front half of the animal is covered…

"Peach tree borer, chip cocoon with extruded pupa skin." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Peach Tree Borer

"Peach tree borer, chip cocoon with extruded pupa skin." —Davison, 1906

Touch corpuscles are found in the papillae of the skin of the fingers and toes, or among its epithelium; they may be simple or compound; when simple, they are large and slightly flattened transparent nucleated ganglion cells, enclosed in a capsule; when compound the capsule contains several smalls cells. Shown are the papillae from the skin of the hand, freed from the cuticle and exhibiting tactile corpuscles. A. Simple papilla with four nerve fibers; a, tactile corpuscles; b, nerves with cells and fine elastic filaments; b, tactile corpuscle with transverse nuclei; c, entering nerve with neurilemma or perineurium; d and e, nerve fibers winding round the corpuscle.

Touch Corpuscles

Touch corpuscles are found in the papillae of the skin of the fingers and toes, or among its epithelium;…

Section of epidermis. Labels: H, horny layer, consisting of s, superficial horny scales; sw, swollen-out horny cells; s.l., clear layer; M, Malpighian layer, consisting of s.gr. granular layer; p, many-sided or prickle cells; c, columnar cells. Nerve fibrils may be traced passing up between the epithelium cells of the Malpighian layer.

Section of Epidermis (Skin)

Section of epidermis. Labels: H, horny layer, consisting of s, superficial horny scales; sw, swollen-out…

Section of skin showing two papillae and deeper layers of epidermis. The papillae contain blood vessels as well as the termination of nerve fibers in the shape of little bodies called tactile corpuscles. The papillae seem chiefly to exist for the purpose of giving the skin its sense of touch. Labels: a, vascular papilla, with capillary loop passing from subjacent vessel, c; b, nerve-papilla, containing tactile corpuscle, t; d, nerve passing up to tactile body; f, f, section of spirally winding nerve fibers.

Section of Epidermis (Skin)

Section of skin showing two papillae and deeper layers of epidermis. The papillae contain blood vessels…

Section of the epidermis.

Section of the Epidermis

Section of the epidermis.

Vertical section of epidermis and papillae of corium.

Vertical Section of Epidermis

Vertical section of epidermis and papillae of corium.

"<em>A</em>, last bone of finger; <em>B</em>, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; <em>C</em>, outer skin; <em>D</em>, true skin; <em>E</em>, bed of nail; <em>F</em>, true skin of pulp of finger." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Longitudinal seciont of a fingernail

"A, last bone of finger; B, true skin on the dorsal surface of finger; C,…

This illustration shows the first stage in the manufacturing of glue. The material used for making the glue (either animal bone or hide) is soaked in a milk of lime (or in some cases, Hydrochloric or Sulfurous acid) to purify and loosen particles.

First Stage in Glue Manufacturing

This illustration shows the first stage in the manufacturing of glue. The material used for making the…

"Another workman in a similar way with a fleshing knife removes the fatty compounds and flesh from the flesh side." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Fleshing Knife

"Another workman in a similar way with a fleshing knife removes the fatty compounds and flesh from the…

This illustration shows a Georgian glove.

Georgian Glove

This illustration shows a Georgian glove.

"The convoluted gland is seen surrounded by fat cells and may be traced through the true skin to its outlet in the horny layers of the outer skin." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Sweat gland

"The convoluted gland is seen surrounded by fat cells and may be traced through the true skin to its…

This illustration shows the glove of Henry VI.

Glove of Henry VI

This illustration shows the glove of Henry VI.

The skin of a beast, either raw or dressed.

Hide

The skin of a beast, either raw or dressed.

Indian robes are commonly made of buffalo skins, with the hair remaining, and the inside finely and delicately dressed. On this side are painted representations of the battles in which the possessor has been engaged.

Indian Robe

Indian robes are commonly made of buffalo skins, with the hair remaining, and the inside finely and…

A gliding mammal that uses the flaps of extra skin between their legs to glide from higher to lower locations.

Flying Lemur

A gliding mammal that uses the flaps of extra skin between their legs to glide from higher to lower…

This is a diagram of the skin of mammals, showing the multiple layered condition, together with outgrowths and ingrowths. E, epidermis; D, dermis; a, adipose tissue, -fat deposited amid the connective tissue; b, blood vessels; c.e., columnar epithelial layer of the epidermis; f, hair follicle; g, hair; n, nerve; n.e., nerve ending; p, pore of sweat gland; seb., sebaceous or oil gland of hair; s.g., sweat gland; s.c., horny layer of epidermis; s.m., mucous layer of epidermis.

Mammal Skin

This is a diagram of the skin of mammals, showing the multiple layered condition, together with outgrowths…

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which has suckled him in his infancy. The following represents Minerva with the aegis." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Minerva with aegis

"According to ancient mythology, the aegis worn by Jupiter was the hide of the goat Amalthea, which…

"Buffalo moth or carpet beetle; pupa within larva skin." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Buffalo Moth

"Buffalo moth or carpet beetle; pupa within larva skin." —Davison, 1906

"Surface of Palm of the Hand, showing Openings of Sweat Glands and Grooves between Papillae of the Skin. In the smaller figure the same epidermal surface is shown as seen with the naked eye." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Surface of the palm

"Surface of Palm of the Hand, showing Openings of Sweat Glands and Grooves between Papillae of the Skin.…

Papillae from the palm of the hand, with the epidermis removed. Magnified.

Papillae with Epidermis Removed

Papillae from the palm of the hand, with the epidermis removed. Magnified.

Large, thick-skinned, herbivorous mammals.

Rhinoceros

Large, thick-skinned, herbivorous mammals.

A disease caused by a minute insect, the acarus scabiei, which bores into and underneath the epidermic layer of the skin.

Scabies

A disease caused by a minute insect, the acarus scabiei, which bores into and underneath the epidermic…

"The seal <i>Macrorhinus elephantinus</i> or <i>proboscideus</i>, or <i>Morunga proboscidea</i>. It is the largest of the otaries; the snout is prolonged into a proboscis suggestive of an elephant's trunk. It is confined to the higher latitudes of the southern hemisphere...." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Elephant Seal on a Rock

"The seal Macrorhinus elephantinus or proboscideus, or Morunga proboscidea. It is the largest of the…

<i>Leptonychotes weddelli</i>. "A spotted seal of the southern and antarctic seas, belonging to the family <i>Phocidae</i> and either of two different genera." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>This illustration shows the seal lying on some rocks.

Leopard Seal

Leptonychotes weddelli. "A spotted seal of the southern and antarctic seas, belonging to the family…

Section of skin showing two papillae of the dermis and some of the deeper cells of the epidermis, involved in sensation of the skin. Labels: a, papilla containing blood vessels; b, papilla containing a tactile corpuscle, t; d, medullated nerve fibers going to the corpuscle; at f, optical cross-sections of the fibers are seen as they wind round the outside of the corpuscle; the general transverse direction of the connective tissue bundles of the capsule of the corpuscle is shown.

Sensation of the Skin

Section of skin showing two papillae of the dermis and some of the deeper cells of the epidermis, involved…

The organs of touch, which are the various sensory nerve-endings in the skin or its vicinity and in mucous membranes. They include minute, primitive fibrillae or networks thereof, and certain special terminal organs, including the End-bulbs of Krause, Tactile Corpuscles, and the Pacinian Corpuscles.

Sensory Organs

The organs of touch, which are the various sensory nerve-endings in the skin or its vicinity and in…

The integument or outer covering of an animal, serving to protect the flesh and to fill important functions as an active organ.

Skin

The integument or outer covering of an animal, serving to protect the flesh and to fill important functions…

A section of the skin magnified. Labels: H, hair; E, epidermis; D, dermis; P, papilla; S, mouth of a sweat gland; O, oil gland.

Section of the Skin Magnified

A section of the skin magnified. Labels: H, hair; E, epidermis; D, dermis; P, papilla; S, mouth of a…

A magnified block of the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands; n, nerve endings.

Magnified Image of the Skin

A magnified block of the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands;…

A section through the skin and subcutaneous areolar tissue. Labels: h, horny stratum, and m, deeper more opaque layer of the epidermis; d, dermis passing below into sc, loose areolar tissue, with fat, f, in its meshes; above, dermic papillae are seen, projecting into the epidermis which is molded on them; a, opening of a sweat gland; gl, the gland itself.

Section of the Skin and Subcutaneous Areolar Tissue

A section through the skin and subcutaneous areolar tissue. Labels: h, horny stratum, and m, deeper…

Section of the skin showing the hairs and sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands are small saccular glands, the ducts of which open into the hair follicles. They are lined with epithelium and secrete a fatty, oily substance which they discharge into the hair follicles to lubricate the hairs and make them glossy. It also exudes over the surface of the skin to keep it soft and flexible. Labels: a, the epidermis; b, corium; c, muscles, attached to hair follicles and to under surface of epidermis.

Section of Skin Showing Hairs and Sebaceous Glands

Section of the skin showing the hairs and sebaceous glands. The sebaceous glands are small saccular…

Developing skin showing later stages of formation of hair follicles; surrounding mesoblast is forming hair papilla and fibrous sheath of follicle.

Developing Skin Showing Hair Follicles

Developing skin showing later stages of formation of hair follicles; surrounding mesoblast is forming…

"<em>A</em>, outer layer of cuticle; <em>B</em>, deeper layer of cuticle; <em>C</em>, duct of sweat gland; <em>D</em>, true skin; <em>E</em>, sublayer of true skin, with columnar cells. The blood vessels are injected to show black." — Blaisedell, 1904

Cross-Section of the Skin

"A, outer layer of cuticle; B, deeper layer of cuticle; C, duct of sweat…

Sections of developing skin, showing earliest stages in formation of hair follicles; in D epithelial cylinder is invading mesoblast.

Developing Skin

Sections of developing skin, showing earliest stages in formation of hair follicles; in D epithelial…

The layers of the skin, which consists of the epidermis or cuticle, the scarf-skin, composed of 3 superficial and 2 deep layers; and the Derma, Corium, or Cutis vera, the true skin, composed of a papillary layer above and a reticular layer below.

Layers of the Skin

The layers of the skin, which consists of the epidermis or cuticle, the scarf-skin, composed of 3 superficial…

"A Layer of the Outer Skin from the Palm of the Hand. Detached by maceration." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Outer skin

"A Layer of the Outer Skin from the Palm of the Hand. Detached by maceration." — Blaisedell, 1904

"A Papilla of the Skin, with a Touch Corpucle. Highly magnified." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Papilla of the skin

"A Papilla of the Skin, with a Touch Corpucle. Highly magnified." — Blaisedell, 1904

"In each papilla are seen vascular loops (dark lines) running up from the vascular network below; the tactile corpuscules (white lines) which supply the papillae are also shown." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Papillae of the skin

"In each papilla are seen vascular loops (dark lines) running up from the vascular network below; the…

"A block out of the skin. a, dead part and d live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands; n, nerve endings." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Section of skin

"A block out of the skin. a, dead part and d live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands; n, nerve endings."…

Section of the skin, showing the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and the muscles of the hair. Labels: a, epidermis; b, dermis; c, muscles of the hair follicles; d, sebaceous glands.

Section of the Skin

Section of the skin, showing the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and the muscles of the hair. Labels:…

A thin slice through the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; ar, artery; e, sweat glands; n, nerves.

Section of the Skin

A thin slice through the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; ar, artery; e, sweat…

Diagrammatic section of the skin.

Section of the Skin

Diagrammatic section of the skin.

Vertical section through the skin of the trunk in the region of the arch of the ribs. One of the small hairs is seen in longitudinal section.

Section of the Skin

Vertical section through the skin of the trunk in the region of the arch of the ribs. One of the small…

Diagram to show the structure of the Skin. Labels: E.c, epidermis, corneous part; E.m, epidermis, Malpighian part; D.c, connective tissue of dermis; p, papilla; gl, sweat gland, the coils of the tube cut across or lengthwise; d, its duct; f, fat; v, blood vessels; n, nerve; t.c, tactile corpuscle.

Structure of the Skin

Diagram to show the structure of the Skin. Labels: E.c, epidermis, corneous part; E.m, epidermis, Malpighian…

Vertical section of the skin, showing sebaceous glands, sweat-glands, hair, and follicle, also arrector muscle.

Vertical Section of the Skin

Vertical section of the skin, showing sebaceous glands, sweat-glands, hair, and follicle, also arrector…

Vertical section of the skin.

Vertical Section of the Skin

Vertical section of the skin.

"'Exulting in the tawny covering of a she-wolf, such as his foster-parent was.' Alluding to the custom on the part of the ancient heroes of arraying themselves in the skins of wild animals, in order to strike more terror into the foe and of either making a part of the hide answer the purposes of a helmet, or decking the helmet with it, <em>Genetricis</em>." — Anthon, 1891

Greek soldiers

"'Exulting in the tawny covering of a she-wolf, such as his foster-parent was.' Alluding to the custom…

"With a working knife a workman partle scrapes partly shaves off the hair and scarf-skin." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Working Knife

"With a working knife a workman partle scrapes partly shaves off the hair and scarf-skin." —The Encyclopedia…