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(1837-1898) German author who studied Early Egyptian life and wrote many books such as <I>Egypt and the Books of Moses, An Egyptian Princess</I> and <I>Uarda</I>

George M. Ebers

(1837-1898) German author who studied Early Egyptian life and wrote many books such as Egypt and the…

Muse of music and lyric poetry

Euterpe

Muse of music and lyric poetry

Muse of dancing and the dramatic chorus

Terpsichore

Muse of dancing and the dramatic chorus

Triangular form of the harp

Sambuca

Triangular form of the harp

Egyptian lyre

Egyptian lyre

Egyptian lyre

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Ascaron

Ascaron

Ascaron

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura, side view

Kinura

Kinura, side view

Kinura, front view

Kinura

Kinura, front view

Kinura

Kinura

Kinura

Timotheus's harp with nine strings

Lyre

Timotheus's harp with nine strings

Pipe with seven reeds

Pipe with seven reeds

Pipe with seven reeds

Single flute

Single flute

Single flute

Musician playing a double flute

Double flute

Musician playing a double flute

Double flute from a representation found at Herculaneum

Double flute

Double flute from a representation found at Herculaneum

Keras

Keras

Keras

Keras

Keras

Keras

Roman Cornu. Brass instrument used by the Roman Armies to give orders in battle.

Cornu

Roman Cornu. Brass instrument used by the Roman Armies to give orders in battle.

A woman plays a Greek funeral pipe in the funeral procession of Hector.

Greek Funeral Pipe

A woman plays a Greek funeral pipe in the funeral procession of Hector.

Tympanum

Tympanum

Tympanum

Triangle with metal rings

Triangle

Triangle with metal rings

Castanets

Castanets

Castanets

Egyptian, nineteenth century female

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female

Egyptian, nineteenth century female

Nineteenth century Egyptian female spinning

Nineteenth century Egyptian female

Nineteenth century Egyptian female spinning

Nineteenth century Egyptian female veil

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female Veil

Nineteenth century Egyptian female veil

Grecian female with double flute dressed for festive occasion

Grecian Female with Double Flute

Grecian female with double flute dressed for festive occasion

Grecian female with double flute dressed for funeral procession.

Ancient Grecian Female with Double Flute

Grecian female with double flute dressed for funeral procession.

Nineteenth century Egyptian female dancer

Nineteenth Century Egyptian Female Dancer

Nineteenth century Egyptian female dancer

Roman Bacchhante playing castanets

Roman Bacchhante

Roman Bacchhante playing castanets

Egyptian princess from the palace at Karnac

Egyptian Princess

Egyptian princess from the palace at Karnac

Egyptian priestess playing a sistrum.

Egyptian Priestess

Egyptian priestess playing a sistrum.

Muse of lyric poetry and mimicry

Erato

Muse of lyric poetry and mimicry

Muse of dancing and the dramatic chorus

Terpsichore

Muse of dancing and the dramatic chorus

Muse of music and lyric poetry

Euterpe

Muse of music and lyric poetry

When irritated, the neck of a cobra swells at the same time it raises the front part of its body vertically, holding it straight and rigid.

Cobra

When irritated, the neck of a cobra swells at the same time it raises the front part of its body vertically,…

Alexandria, Pharos Island Lighthouse

Pharos Island Lighthouse

Alexandria, Pharos Island Lighthouse

Egyptian style doodad

Egyptian style

Egyptian style doodad

Sculpture on pedestal

Sculpture

Sculpture on pedestal

Ancient Egyptian building

Building

Ancient Egyptian building

Sculpture on pedestal

Sculpture

Sculpture on pedestal

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and sphinx

Pyramids and palms

Pyramids

Pyramids and palms

Columns

Columns

Columns

Obelisk and sphinx with palm tree

Obelisk and Sphinx

Obelisk and sphinx with palm tree

Egyptian scene with building and palm trees

Egyptian scene

Egyptian scene with building and palm trees

Egyptian god Thoth

Thoth

Egyptian god Thoth

Dress of the Egyptian king

Egyptian King

Dress of the Egyptian king

"The principle of the sound of silk is exemplified in the Kin or Ch'in, made of twisted silk being stretched over a wooden frame. The number of strings was five, to agree with the five elements; the upper part was rounded, to represent the heavens; the bottom was flat, to represent the ground. The number of strings was later increased to seven, which is the favored form, tuned to G, A, C, D, E, G, A, a pentatonic scale." --Baltzell, 1905

Kin

"The principle of the sound of silk is exemplified in the Kin or Ch'in, made of twisted silk being stretched…

One of the most important musical instruments in use among the Chinese, one that is indispensable to their temple ritual, is the Sheng. This instrument is the representative of the gourd principle; originally the bowl was formed from a portion of a gourd or a calabash, the top being covered by a circular piece of wood with holes around the margin in which the pipes, seventeen in number, are fixed. In the side of the gourd is placed a mouthpiece or tube covered with ivory, through which the player <em>draws</em> his breath. Each pipe is fitted with a small free reed of copper. A small hole is made in each pipe just above the bowl, which prevents a pipe from speaking when the air is drawn in by the player, unless the hole is closed by a finger. --Baltzell, 1905

Sheng

One of the most important musical instruments in use among the Chinese, one that is indispensable to…

"Another [Chinese] stringed instrument is the Se, (also written Che), which had originally 50 strings. as now used, it has only 25 strings. Four kinds are in use, differing in size and in number of strings. It is customary that they should give the sound of two notes simultaneously, generally octaves. Some of these, used by the most skillful performers, have only 13 or 14 strings. The strings are plucked by two small ivory picks." --Baltzell, 1905

Che

"Another [Chinese] stringed instrument is the Se, (also written Che), which had originally 50 strings.…

Banks of keys- Boards at Saint-Sulpice. An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes

Organ

Banks of keys- Boards at Saint-Sulpice. An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones…

This is the same instrument as the oboe but a fifth below. Its tone is essentially sad, melancholy, and sorrowful; it suits the expression of mental suffering; this is its characteristic note.

Cor Anglais

This is the same instrument as the oboe but a fifth below. Its tone is essentially sad, melancholy,…

The richest instrument in compass and in variety of timbre of all the wind instruments. Its tube is absolutely cylindrical, open and its column of air is set in vibration by a single flexible reed.

Clarinet

The richest instrument in compass and in variety of timbre of all the wind instruments. Its tube is…

The instrument requiring the least study; also the most commonplace of the instruments.

Cornet A Pistons

The instrument requiring the least study; also the most commonplace of the instruments.

A valved brass wind instruments that resemble the bugle and have a full even tone and wide compass.

Alto Saxhorn

A valved brass wind instruments that resemble the bugle and have a full even tone and wide compass.

The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra,. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range, going as low as three octaves below middle C

Double Bass

The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra,. The double bass, usually considered…

An instrument having an upright triangular frame consisting of a pillar, a curved neck, and a hollow back containing the sounding board, with usually 46 or 47 strings of graded lengths that are played by plucking with the fingers.

Harp

An instrument having an upright triangular frame consisting of a pillar, a curved neck, and a hollow…

The Miller from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Illustrated by Agnus MacDonall.

The Miller

The Miller from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Illustrated by Agnus MacDonall.