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Ribbed Arch

Bridge, Ribbed Arch

Ribbed Arch

Elegant shells ribbed and mottled with various colors. They grow by additins made to the edge.

Pecten Shell

Elegant shells ribbed and mottled with various colors. They grow by additins made to the edge.

French carved vault boss.

Carved Vault Boss

French carved vault boss.

Fan tracery is a very complicated mode of roofing used in the perpendicular style in which the vault is covered by ribs and veins of tracery.

Fan Tracery

Fan tracery is a very complicated mode of roofing used in the perpendicular style in which the vault…

"Mathers' Vault."—Lossing, 1851

Mathers' Vault

"Mathers' Vault."—Lossing, 1851

"The sarcophagus of Washington. This was placed in the family vault in the autumn of 1837."—Lossing, 1851

Sarcophagus of Washington

"The sarcophagus of Washington. This was placed in the family vault in the autumn of 1837."—Lossing,…

"The Nelson Tombs. This view is from the burial-ground looking down the York River toward Chesapeake Bay. The inscription upon the first monument is in Latin; the following is a translation of it: 'Here lies, in certain hope of a resurrection in Christ, Thomas Nelson, gentleman, son of Hugo and Sarah Nelson, of Penrith, in the county of Cumberland; born February 20th, A. D. 1677, died October 7th, 1745, aged sixty-eight years.' The inscription upon the second monument is much longer, and quite eulogistic. William Nelson was president of his majesty's council in Virginia, and died on the nineteenth of November, 1772, at the age of sixty-one years. No epitaph tells of the many virtues and heroic deeds of him who lies in the obscure vault beyond. History has written them upon the enduring pages of the chronicles of our republic; and in this work his biography and portrait may be found among those of the signers of the Delcaration of Independence."—Lossing, 1851

Nelson Tombs

"The Nelson Tombs. This view is from the burial-ground looking down the York River toward Chesapeake…

"The elevation of the dome, which is all built from the interior, is from four to six inches above the level of the field. Beside the moss or grass, they frequently employ coarse wax from the ceiling of the vault, for the purpose of keeping out rain, and preventing high winds from destroying it." &mdash Goodrich, 1859

Nest of the Carder Bee

"The elevation of the dome, which is all built from the interior, is from four to six inches above the…

"The main rib or arch-band which crosses a vault at right angles and separates adjoining bays from each other. Image: Arcs in vaulting, perspective and plan. A B, C D, arcs doubleaux; A D, C B, arcs ogives; A C, B D, arcs formerets."-Whitney, 1902

Arc Boutant

"The main rib or arch-band which crosses a vault at right angles and separates adjoining bays from each…

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from the fruit of this tree. The tree is 16 to 18 feet high, a native of tropical America, and much cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, especially in the West India Islands, Central and South America. Its fruit is contained in pointed, oval, ribbed pods 6 to 10 inches long, each inclosing 50 to 100 seeds in a white, sweetish pulp. The term coca is a corruption of cacao, but is more commonly used in commerce: cocoa nuts, however, are obtained from an entirely different tree."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cacao Plant

"Cacao, or cocoa, is the chocolate tree, and also the powder and beverage made with it obtained from…

"A rear vault; an arch or a vault placed within the opening of a window or door, and differing from it in form, to increase the size of the aperture internally, to receive a charge from above, or to form an architectural junction between interior and exterior forms."-Whitney, 1902

Arriere-voussure

"A rear vault; an arch or a vault placed within the opening of a window or door, and differing from…

"A sewer, a drain. Rome was intersected by numerous sewers, some of which were of an immense size: the most celebrated of them was the cloaca maxima, the construction of which is ascribed to Tarquinius Priscus. It was formed by three tiers of arces, one within the other, the innermost of which is a semicircular vault of 14 feet in diameter. The manner of its construction is shown in the annexed cut. Under the republic, the administration of the sewers was entrusted to the censors; but under the empire, particular officers were appointed for that purpose, called cloacarum curatores, who employed condemned criminals in cleansing and repairing them." — Smith, 1873

Cloaca

"A sewer, a drain. Rome was intersected by numerous sewers, some of which were of an immense size: the…

A small, round, ribbed variety of muskmelon of a very delicate flavor.

Cantaloupe

A small, round, ribbed variety of muskmelon of a very delicate flavor.

A spherical vault on the top of an edifice.

Cupola

A spherical vault on the top of an edifice.

The name of several species of shell-fish, so called from their round, ribbed shell with scalloped edges. They are classes as bivalves, having shells connected at the upper side with a hinge.

Scallop

The name of several species of shell-fish, so called from their round, ribbed shell with scalloped edges.…

An artistic gymnastics aparatus, used by both males and female gymnasts.

Vaulting Bar

An artistic gymnastics aparatus, used by both males and female gymnasts.

An artistic gymnastics aparatus, used by both males and female gymnasts.

Vaulting

An artistic gymnastics aparatus, used by both males and female gymnasts.

"The Basilica of Maxentius has great intersecting vaults, vaulted aisles and buttresses." — Chambers, 1881

Basilica of Maxentius

"The Basilica of Maxentius has great intersecting vaults, vaulted aisles and buttresses." — Chambers,…

A ceiling vault divided into four parts.

Quadripartite Vault

A ceiling vault divided into four parts.

"The saddle boiler is a very efficient form, steady and sure in its working. in its improved forms it is, perhaps, the best for general purposes. It should be set over a furnace, the sides and end of which should be of fire-brick. It may be quite plain, or with the inner surface ribbed or corrugated, a modification adopted by Mr. Gray of Chelsea." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Saddle Boiler

"The saddle boiler is a very efficient form, steady and sure in its working. in its improved forms it…

"The saddle boiler is a very efficient form, steady and sure in its working. in its improved forms it is, perhaps, the best for general purposes. It should be set over a furnace, the sides and end of which should be of fire-brick. It may be quite plain, or with the inner surface ribbed or corrugated." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Saddle Boiler

"The saddle boiler is a very efficient form, steady and sure in its working. in its improved forms it…

Painted vault from the Catacombs of St. Callixtus, Rome. In the centre Orpheus, to represent Christ the Good Shepherd, and round are smaller paintings of various types of Christ.

Vault

Painted vault from the Catacombs of St. Callixtus, Rome. In the centre Orpheus, to represent Christ…

"Vault beneath the House of Lords associated with the Gunpowder Plot." -Foster, 1921

Gunpowder Plot

"Vault beneath the House of Lords associated with the Gunpowder Plot." -Foster, 1921

Henry VI planned a university counterpart to Eton College, the chapel being the only portion that was built. The Chapel features the world's largest fan vault, stained glass windows, and the painting The Adoration of the Magi by Rubens, originally painted in 1634 for the Convent of the White Nuns at Louvain in Belgium.

King's College Chapel, Cambridge

Henry VI planned a university counterpart to Eton College, the chapel being the only portion that was…

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Its characteristic features include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress.

Gothic Style Window

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.…

The Monument marks the grave site of the bones of victims of the Wyoming Massacre, which took place on July 3, 1778. Local residents banded together to defend the area against an invasion of British Tories as well as pro-Tory Native Americans. The battle ended in defeat for the colonial fighters and considerable brutality followed the actual Battle. In 1833, the bones were reinterred in a vault under the present Monument. The monument is located in the borough of Wyoming, Pennsylvania.

The Wyoming Monument

The Monument marks the grave site of the bones of victims of the Wyoming Massacre, which took place…

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side, i.e., one after another.

Barrel Vault

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by…

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults are pointed instead of round.

Groin Vault

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced…

A coffer in architecture, is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault. A series of these sunken panels were used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault. The stone coffers of the ancient Greeks and Romans are the earliest surviving examples.A, from Palmyra; B, Basilica of Constantine.

Roman Ceiling Panels

A coffer in architecture, is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling,…

Sexpartite vault (or six-part vault), in architecture, is a rib vault divided into six bays by two diagonal ribs and three transverse ribs. Legend: a, transverse ribs (doubleaux); b, wall-ribs (formerets); c, groin-ribs (diagonaux). All the ribs are semi-circle.

Sexpartite Ribbed Vault, Showing Two Compartments with the Fillings Complete

Sexpartite vault (or six-part vault), in architecture, is a rib vault divided into six bays by two diagonal…

A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault or the unit of an opening and its framing on a façade.

Bay of Speyer Cathedral

A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault…

A flying buttress, or arc-boutant, is a specific type of buttress usually found on a religious building such as a cathedral. They are used to transmit the horizontal thrust of a vault across an intervening space (which might be an aisle, chapel or cloister), to a buttress outside the building. The employment of the flying buttress means that the load bearing walls can contain cut-outs, such as for large windows, that would otherwise seriously weaken them. Flying buttresses are often found in Gothic architecture.

Early Gothic Flying Buttress

A flying buttress, or arc-boutant, is a specific type of buttress usually found on a religious building…

A ribbed vault of the English type with divided groin-ribs and ridge-ribs.

English Style Ribbed Vault

A ribbed vault of the English type with divided groin-ribs and ridge-ribs.

A: Penetrations by small semi-circular vaults sprung from same level. B: Intersection by small semicircular vault sprung from higher level; groins form wavy line. C: Intersection by narrow pointed vault sprung from same level; groins are plane curves.

Vaults, Penetrations and Intersections

A: Penetrations by small semi-circular vaults sprung from same level. B: Intersection by small semicircular…

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults are pointed instead of round. In comparison with a barrel vault, a groin vault provides good economies of material and labour. The thrust is concentrated along the groins or arrises (the four diagonal edges formed along the points where the barrel vaults intersect), so the vault need only be abutted at its four corners.

Groined Vault with Zig-Zag Ridge-Joints

A groin vault or groined vault (also sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cross vault) is produced…

A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault or the unit of an opening and its framing on a façade.

Bay of Abbey of St. Denis

A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault…

Lichfield Cathedral is situated in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. It is the only medieval English cathedral with three spires. Architecturally, the choir (alt. spelling quire) is the area of a church or cathedral, usually in the western part of the chancel between the nave and the sanctuary (which houses the altar). A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault or the unit of an opening and its framing on a façade.

One Bay of Choir, Lichfield Cathedral

Lichfield Cathedral is situated in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. It is the only medieval English…

The Catholic Cathedral of Limburg, also known as <em>Georgsdom</em> or <em>Limburger Dom</em> in German (English: Cathedral of St. George) after its dedication to Saint George, is one of the most accomplished buildings of the late Romanesque style. A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault or the unit of an opening and its framing on a fa&ccedil;ade.

One Bay of Limburg Cathedral

The Catholic Cathedral of Limburg, also known as Georgsdom or Limburger Dom in German…

The Cathedral of St Martin (Italian Duomo) is a church in Lucca, Italy. It was begun in 1063 by Bishop Anselm (later Pope Alexander II). Of this structure, the great apse with its tall columnar arcades and the fine campanile remain. A bay is a module in classical or Gothic architecture, the distance between two supports of a vault or the unit of an opening and its framing on a fa&ccedil;ade.

One Bay, Nave of Lucca Cathedral

The Cathedral of St Martin (Italian Duomo) is a church in Lucca, Italy. It was begun in 1063 by Bishop…

The modern Gothic parapet is a stone design of a wall-like barrier found on the edge of a roof or structure. This style includes tracery, a series of intersecting ribbed lines.

Modern Gothic Parapet

The modern Gothic parapet is a stone design of a wall-like barrier found on the edge of a roof or structure.…

The modern Gothic parapet is a stone design of a wall-like barrier found on the edge of a roof or structure. This style includes tracery, a series of intersecting ribbed lines.

Modern Gothic Parapet

The modern Gothic parapet is a stone design of a wall-like barrier found on the edge of a roof or structure.…

The Egyptian Folding-Chair in the 18th dynasty was found in the tomb of Chambali. This Folding-chair had crossing struts combined to form a ribbed chair.

Egyptian Folding-Chair

The Egyptian Folding-Chair in the 18th dynasty was found in the tomb of Chambali. This Folding-chair…

The Renaissance Folding-Chair is a ribbed chair that is scarcely decorated and is mostly plain.

Renaissance, Folding-Chair

The Renaissance Folding-Chair is a ribbed chair that is scarcely decorated and is mostly plain.

The construction of arches and vaults did not remain confined to the interior of buildings, but imparted its own expression to the architecture of the exterior also; for the shape of openings became circular instead of square, although they were surrounded by half-columns gave a rectilinear finish to the whole.

Architecture of the Colosseum

The construction of arches and vaults did not remain confined to the interior of buildings, but imparted…

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side, i.e., one after another.

Barrel Vault

A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault or a wagon vault, is an architectural element formed by…

The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral in England show an early example of fan-tracery, patterns carved on a vault.

Fan-Tracery of Cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral

The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral in England show an early example of fan-tracery, patterns carved…

An illustration depicting the inside of an apse. In architecture, the apse (Latin absis "arch, vault"; sometimes written apsis; plural apses) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault. In Romanesque, Byzantine and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral and church architecture, the term is applied to the semi-circular or polygonal section of the sanctuary at the liturgical east end beyond the altar. Geometrically speaking, an apse is either a half-cone or half-dome.

Apse of a Cathedral

An illustration depicting the inside of an apse. In architecture, the apse (Latin absis "arch, vault";…

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The marginal ribs are not hairy, the ligules are long, pointed, and obtuse and the stems are two to three feet high. This grass has rough sheaths while in the latter the sheaths are smooth. The root is fibrous and the grass is creeping. It flourishes in moist meadows and flowers in July.

Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The…

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The marginal ribs are not hairy, the ligules are long, pointed, and obtuse and the stems are two to three feet high. This grass has rough sheaths while in the latter the sheaths are smooth. The root is fibrous and the grass is creeping. It flourishes in moist meadows and flowers in July. The flower is magnified here.

Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The…

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass. The lower florets in the June Grass are connected at the base by a web of long silky filaments holding the calyx. The outter palea is five-ribbed with the marginal ribs hairy. The upper sheath is longer than its leaf. June Grass grows from ten to fifteen inches with and erect, smooth, round stem. The root is perennial and creeping. The plants grows a light greenish color while the spikelets are brownsh purple.

June Grass

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass.…

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass. The lower florets in the June Grass are connected at the base by a web of long silky filaments holding the calyx. The outter palea is five-ribbed with the marginal ribs hairy. The upper sheath is longer than its leaf. June Grass grows from ten to fifteen inches with and erect, smooth, round stem. The root is perennial and creeping. The plants grows a light greenish color while the spikelets are brownsh purple. Shown here is a magnified flower.

June Grass

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass.…

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and somewhat spreading when old. The glumes are wingless and rudimentary florets are hairy. The stem is round, smooth, erect and form two to seven feet high. There are five to six broad, lightish-green,acute, harsh, flat-ribbed leaves. The central rib the most prominent and roughish on both surfaces. It grows on wet grounds by the sides of rivers and standing pools. It may be gathered and sown with winter grain. Flowers in July.

Reed Canary Grass

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and…

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and somewhat spreading when old. The glumes are wingless and rudimentary florets are hairy. The stem is round, smooth, erect and form two to seven feet high. There are five to six broad, lightish-green,acute, harsh, flat-ribbed leaves. The central rib the most prominent and roughish on both surfaces. It grows on wet grounds by the sides of rivers and standing pools. It may be gathered and sown with winter grain. The flower is shown here.

Reed Canary Grass

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and…

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection or arris of simple vaults crossing each other at any angle." -Whitney, 1911

Groin Vault

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection…

"The decoration of the interiors of the buildings of the Renaissance is also copied from ancient Roman architecture. The rooms are either vaulted or have flat ceilings, but in both cases are adorned with paintings after the manner of those discovered in the Baths of Titus, as is shown in [this image], or by panel-work, that is, sunken coffers with a regularly distributed enrichment. These panels are themselves often adorned with historical or allegorical paintings, or with arabesques. Ornamented panels were employed in large palaces for horizontal ceilings, as also in churches, though in the latter case they were more often applied to cupola vaulting, as notable in St. Peter's."

Painted Vault of the Florentine Palace in Rome

"The decoration of the interiors of the buildings of the Renaissance is also copied from ancient Roman…

The Tomb of Atreus also known as the Treasury of Atreus is a tomb located in Mycenae, Greece built between 1250 and 1300 B.C. The face of the tomb consists of columns and has a triangle above the doorway. The tomb has an interior that is formed of a semi-underground circular room with a beehive tomb, also known as the tholos.

Tomb of Atreus

The Tomb of Atreus also known as the Treasury of Atreus is a tomb located in Mycenae, Greece built between…

A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store grain (see grain elevators) or fermented feed known as silage.

Bulk Storage Silo

A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store grain (see…

The word "parachute" comes from "para", meaning "against" or "counter" in Ancient Greek, and "chute", the French word for "fall". Some modern parachutes are classified as semi-rigid wings, which are maneuverable and can make a controlled descent to break on impact with the ground.

DrogueParachute

The word "parachute" comes from "para", meaning "against" or "counter" in Ancient Greek, and "chute",…

A sturdy box designed to protect the coffin inside of it. The body is placed within the coffin, which is then placed inside the vault. Body, coffin, and vault are buried.

Burial Vault

A sturdy box designed to protect the coffin inside of it. The body is placed within the coffin, which…

"The pyramid when completed had a height of 481 feet. It is now 451 feet high. Its base covers 13 acres. Some of the blocks of white limestone used in construction weigh 50 tons. The facing of polished stone was gradually removed for building purposes by the Arabs. On the northern side of the pyramid a narrow entrance, once carefully concealed, opens into tortuous passages which lead to the central vault. Here the sarcophagus of the king was placed. This chamber was long since entered and its contents rifled."—Webster, 1913

The Great Pyramid of Giza

"The pyramid when completed had a height of 481 feet. It is now 451 feet high. Its base covers 13 acres.…