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Among the several species of Brittle-Star found in the British seas is the Common Brittle-Star, <em>Ophicoma rosula</em>, which displays the most varied hues, arranged in beautiful patterns." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common brittle-star

Among the several species of Brittle-Star found in the British seas is the Common Brittle-Star, Ophicoma…

The arms of the brittlestar are more flexible than those of the starfish. They move by lateral movements of the arms, and are much quicker than the typical starfish.

Brittlestar

The arms of the brittlestar are more flexible than those of the starfish. They move by lateral movements…

Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or a portion of the life of the animal, to submarine objects by means of a jointed flexible stalk or column.

Crinoid

Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or…

Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or a portion of the life of the animal, to submarine objects by means of a jointed flexible stalk or column.

Crinoid

Crinoids are Echinoderms. They are distinguished by the fact that they are fixed, during the whole or…

"The whole internal cavity in these animals is occupied by little, white tubes. The mouth opens at the extremity of the body; it forms a sort of funnel, surrounded like a crown with an elegant circle of tentacula."

Cristatella Mucedo (Cuvier)

"The whole internal cavity in these animals is occupied by little, white tubes. The mouth opens at the…

A sea cucumber may be compared t a sea urchin that has been drawn out in the direction of the pole - that is, from mouth to anus (Colton, 1903).

Sea Cucumber

A sea cucumber may be compared t a sea urchin that has been drawn out in the direction of the pole -…

The spines are removed from most of the surface of this sand dollar.

Sand Dollar

The spines are removed from most of the surface of this sand dollar.

"A class of radiate animals, the highest in organisation of the great division of the animal kingdom. They have a digestive and a vascular system; for the former, however, there is in many of them only a single orifice; a circular and radiating nervous system has been observed in manyl they are especially characterised by their well-organised skin which in many is strengthened by calcareous plates, and in some also has the additional protection of numerous long spines. a, Asterias Tesselllata (Asteriadae); b, Spatangus (Echinidae) or sea-egg." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Echinodermata

"A class of radiate animals, the highest in organisation of the great division of the animal kingdom.…

"Theses animals were all supported upon a long stalk, at the extremity of which they floated in the waters of the ancient seas, spreading their arms in every direction in search of the small animals whch consitituted its food." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Encrindae

"Theses animals were all supported upon a long stalk, at the extremity of which they floated in the…

"The body is flattened and covered with several cacareous plates; the lower, or entral surface, bears the mouth and anus; and the ten slender rays are often branched to such an extent as to appear very numerous." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Rosy feather-star

"The body is flattened and covered with several cacareous plates; the lower, or entral surface, bears…

"In this family the arms appear to be merely prolongations of the disc; they are suaully five in number, and the plates from which the ambulacra are exserted are placed in deep furrows, which run along the lower surface of the arms." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Five-fingered jack

"In this family the arms appear to be merely prolongations of the disc; they are suaully five in number,…

An ancient crinoid, sea lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth.

Sea Lily

An ancient crinoid, sea lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth.

An ancient crinoid, stone lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth.

Stone Lily

An ancient crinoid, stone lilies are flowerlike, with branching arms surrounding the central mouth.

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood, and feeding upon other marine animals, yet having the form of a plant, and living like a plant, fixed to a rock in the deep sea." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Medusa's head pentacrinus

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood,…

Sand dollar, the name given to a flattened looking sea urchin, very common on sandy shores.

Sand dollar

Sand dollar, the name given to a flattened looking sea urchin, very common on sandy shores.

"Among the British species are the Common Sand-Star, <em>Ophiura texturata</em>." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sand-star

"Among the British species are the Common Sand-Star, Ophiura texturata." — Goodrich,…

Sea-cucumbers are Echinoderms. They are worm-like in form. They move about by the alternate contraction and extension of their bodies.

Sea-cucumber

Sea-cucumbers are Echinoderms. They are worm-like in form. They move about by the alternate contraction…

"The Angular Sea-Cucumber, <em>C. pentactes</em>, is also a European species, with double rows of warty suckers." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Angular sea-cucumber

"The Angular Sea-Cucumber, C. pentactes, is also a European species, with double rows of warty…

"<em>Sea-Cucumbers</em> are of various forms, some of the species being found in nearly all seas. They generally live among sea-weed or in mud, and are supposed to seize their prey by their tentacles. They have the power of elongating and contracting their forms so as at one time to appear like worms, and at another to assume the shape of an hour-glass." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common sea-cucumber

"Sea-Cucumbers are of various forms, some of the species being found in nearly all seas. They…

Sea-stars are Echinoderms. The order Ophiuroides is closely related to starfishes. The arms of sea stars however, differ from those of starfishes in not containing any prolongations from the stomach.

Sea-star

Sea-stars are Echinoderms. The order Ophiuroides is closely related to starfishes. The arms of sea stars…

"The colors in this are variable but brilliant - red, purple, green, and white. It measures from nine to twelve inches across, and feeds ravenously on shell-fish." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Common European sea-star

"The colors in this are variable but brilliant - red, purple, green, and white. It measures from nine…

Sea-urchins are Echinoderms. Their shell is mainly composed of calcareous plates.

Sea-urchin

Sea-urchins are Echinoderms. Their shell is mainly composed of calcareous plates.

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the <em>Sea-Eggs</em> or <em>Sea-Urchins</em> - <em>Cidaridae</em>: they consist of several species, somewhat varying in form, some being nearly flat, some oval, some heart-shaped, and some like the <em>Echinus esculentus</em>, resembling an orange in shape." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-urchin

The most remarkable family of the Echinida are the Sea-Eggs or Sea-Urchins - Cidaridae:…

"The globular crest of this animal is made up of several hundred polygonal pieces of different sizes, of every variety of outline, and so accurately fitted to each other that the lines uniting them are nearly inperceptible." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Sea-urchin without spines

"The globular crest of this animal is made up of several hundred polygonal pieces of different sizes,…

Ascidia Podunculata (Milne-Edwards) "The Tunicata would not probably by taken for animals at first sight. They have neither arms, nor head, nor feet; but then they have a mouth, placed at the entrance of a digestive tube. It is a single ganglion, connected with divers small threads."

Social Tunicates

Ascidia Podunculata (Milne-Edwards) "The Tunicata would not probably by taken for animals at first sight.…

The common starfish is a five rayed star. The central body is called the disk and the arms are the rays.

Starfish

The common starfish is a five rayed star. The central body is called the disk and the arms are the rays.

The common starfish is a five rayed star. The central body is called the disk and the arms are the rays. This is the water tube system of the starfish.

Starfish

The common starfish is a five rayed star. The central body is called the disk and the arms are the rays.…

"Starfish for the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata."&mdash;Finley, 1917

Starfish

"Starfish for the class Asteroidea of the phylum Echinodermata."—Finley, 1917

Sea urchin: the heavy projections are the spines; the long, slender ones are the tube feet.

Sea Urchin

Sea urchin: the heavy projections are the spines; the long, slender ones are the tube feet.