ClipArt ETC
"A, diagram of course of vascular bundles in a palm stem; 1m, 2m, 3m, bundles from the median portions of the leaves." -Stevens, 1916

Palm Stem

"A, diagram of course of vascular bundles in a palm stem; 1m, 2m, 3m, bundles from the median portions…

"A typical stoma in cross section and surface view combined. k, guard cell; j, the gap or stoma between the guard cells; l, epidermal cell bordering a guard cell." -Stevens, 1916

Stoma

"A typical stoma in cross section and surface view combined. k, guard cell; j, the gap or stoma between…

"A, diagram showing relative position of the guard cells in cross section in the open and closed positions; the heavier line indicates the open position." -Stevens, 1916

Stoma Guard Cells

"A, diagram showing relative position of the guard cells in cross section in the open and closed positions;…

"A, depressed stoma of the under side of a leaf of Amherstia nobilis." -Stevens, 1916

Depressed Stoma

"A, depressed stoma of the under side of a leaf of Amherstia nobilis." -Stevens, 1916

"B, depressed stoma of Hakea suaveolens. g stands beneath the guard cells; d, outer, and e inner, cavities." -Stevens, 1916

Depressed Stoma

"B, depressed stoma of Hakea suaveolens. g stands beneath the guard cells; d, outer, and e inner, cavities."…

"B and C, early stages in the formation of stomata; at s, mother cells of guard cells are shown. D, s, s, two guard cells formed by the division of a mother cell." -Stevens, 1916

Stomata Formation

"B and C, early stages in the formation of stomata; at s, mother cells of guard cells are shown. D,…

"Stone cells from different sources. 1, from coffee; 2, 3, and 4, from stem of clove; 5 and 6, from tea leaf; 7, 8, and 9, from powdered star anise seed." -Stevens, 1916

Stone Cells

"Stone cells from different sources. 1, from coffee; 2, 3, and 4, from stem of clove; 5 and 6, from…

First developmental stage of stone cells: "1, in the primary meristem condition." -Stevens, 1916

Stone Cells 1

First developmental stage of stone cells: "1, in the primary meristem condition." -Stevens, 1916

Second developmental stage of stone cells: "2, the cells have enlarged and the walls have begun to thicken and become pitted." -Stevens, 1916

Stone Cells 2

Second developmental stage of stone cells: "2, the cells have enlarged and the walls have begun to thicken…

Third and final developmental stage of stone cells: "3, The walls are completed. The primary wall is black, cellulose additions white, and the lignified walls in 3 are stippled. Notice that the protoplasts have disappeared in 3, and the pits in some instances are branched." -Stevens, 1916

Stone Cells 3

Third and final developmental stage of stone cells: "3, The walls are completed. The primary wall is…

"Storage tissues of the cotyledon of Impatiens Balsamina. A, from the resting seed, and B, from a germinating seed. In B the amyloid thickenings of the cell-walls are partly digested away." -Stevens, 1916

I. Balsamina Storage Tissues

"Storage tissues of the cotyledon of Impatiens Balsamina. A, from the resting seed, and B, from a germinating…

"Diagram to show path of stored food upward through the tracheal tubes, and through the phloem portion of the bark, and showing how this passage is not prevented by girdling." -Stevens, 1916

Stored Food

"Diagram to show path of stored food upward through the tracheal tubes, and through the phloem portion…

"A, cell from the epidermis of the upper side of the calyx of Tropaeolum majus with crystalline chromoplasts." -Stevens, 1916

T. Majus Cell

"A, cell from the epidermis of the upper side of the calyx of Tropaeolum majus with crystalline chromoplasts."…

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural condition on the right, and plasmolyzed by salt solution on the left; g, space left by the recedence of the cytoplasm from the wall; the plasma membrane can now be seen as a delicate membrane bounding the shrunken protoplast." -Stevens, 1916

T. Zebrina Cell

In onion cells: "C, a cell from the epidermis of the mid-rib of Tradescantia zebrina, in its natural…

"Cross section through the thallus of Marchantia. j, stoma leading into a relatively large air-chamber in which arise numerous cells with chloroplasts, k; l, l, cells forming partitions between the air-chambers; m, cells destitute of chloroplasts and with numerous oblong pits; h, upper, and i, lower epidermis." -Stevens, 1916

Marchantia Thallus

"Cross section through the thallus of Marchantia. j, stoma leading into a relatively large air-chamber…

"Diagram to show the three general tissue regions of a leaf." -Stevens, 1916

Leaf Tissues

"Diagram to show the three general tissue regions of a leaf." -Stevens, 1916

"Diagram showing the evolution of tissues from the primordial meristem down to the beginning of cambial activity." -Stevens, 1916

Plant Tissues

"Diagram showing the evolution of tissues from the primordial meristem down to the beginning of cambial…

"Showing how to trim a block for cutting longitudinal sections." -Stevens, 1916

Trimming

"Showing how to trim a block for cutting longitudinal sections." -Stevens, 1916

Types of vascular bundles: "B, the collateral type, with phloem, h, standing in front of the xylem, k." -Stevens, 1916

Collateral Vascular Bundle

Types of vascular bundles: "B, the collateral type, with phloem, h, standing in front of the xylem,…

Types of vascular bundles: "A, the concentric type, with xylem, k, surrounding the phloem, h." -Stevens, 1916

Concentric Vascular Bundle

Types of vascular bundles: "A, the concentric type, with xylem, k, surrounding the phloem, h." -Stevens,…

Types of vascular bundles: "C, a portion of the radial type, shown complete in D, where the part outlined at a, corresponds to C. Corresponding parts are lettered the same in both figures; c, xylem; b, phloem; f, cambium ring; e, pericycle; d, endodermis. C and D are from the tap root of Vicia faba." -Stevens, 1916

Radial Vascular Bundle

Types of vascular bundles: "C, a portion of the radial type, shown complete in D, where the part outlined…

"Diagram showing how the vascular bundles anastomose around the medullary rays. The gaps represent the rays." -Stevens, 1916

Vascular Bundles

"Diagram showing how the vascular bundles anastomose around the medullary rays. The gaps represent the…

"Diagram indicating the succession of the conducting tissues of a vein from the base toward the apex. a, border parenchyma; b, companion cells; c, sieve tubes; d, undivided mother cells of companion cells and sieve tubes; e, tracheal elements." -Stevens, 1916

Plant Vein

"Diagram indicating the succession of the conducting tissues of a vein from the base toward the apex.…

"Diagram showing the relation of the water-carrying tissues of the leaves to those of the stem, and how the older rings of growth give up their water to the newer before this water can enter the leaves. The figures at the bottom indicate in years the age of the rings." -Stevens, 1916

Water Flow in Plants

"Diagram showing the relation of the water-carrying tissues of the leaves to those of the stem, and…

"Semi-diagrammatic cross section of a leaf showing by arrows how the water passes from the tracheal elements of a vein into the border parenchyma cells, and thence into the palisade and spongy parenchyma, from which it evaporates into the intercellular spaces and passes from the leaf through the stomata. a, upper epidermis; b, lower epidermis; c, palisade parenchyma; g, spongy parenchyma; d, border parenchyma; e, tracheal elements; and the stippled cells bellow e, the phloem cells." -Stevens, 1916

Leaf Water Flow

"Semi-diagrammatic cross section of a leaf showing by arrows how the water passes from the tracheal…

"Diagram to show the path of the water as it rises to, and escapes from, the leaves." -Stevens, 1916

Leaf Water Flow

"Diagram to show the path of the water as it rises to, and escapes from, the leaves." -Stevens, 1916

"Tangential section through the wood of grapevine. m, cells of medullary ray, and n, of xylem parenchyma, packed full of starch." -Stevens, 1916

Grapevine Wood

"Tangential section through the wood of grapevine. m, cells of medullary ray, and n, of xylem parenchyma,…

"Tangential section of wood of Liriodendron tulipifera, showing frequency of contact of medullary rays with a tracheal tube. f, medullary ray; g, tracheal tube." -Stevens, 1916

L. Tulipifera Wood

"Tangential section of wood of Liriodendron tulipifera, showing frequency of contact of medullary rays…

"Outline of tangential section of wood of oak, to show frequency of medullary rays. The section is 1 mm. square. The number of rays shown is below the average for woodyplants." -Stevens, 1916

Oak Wood

"Outline of tangential section of wood of oak, to show frequency of medullary rays. The section is 1…

"Cross section of yellow poplar wood. E, early; L, late growth; m, medullary ray." -Stevens, 1916

Yellow Poplar Wood

"Cross section of yellow poplar wood. E, early; L, late growth; m, medullary ray." -Stevens, 1916

"Showing pitted connections between medullary rays and xylem parenchyma, and between contiguous xylem parenchyma cells. m, medullary rays; n, xylem parenchyma. Camera-lucida drawing of tangential section of wood of yellow poplar." -Stevens, 1916

Yellow Poplar Wood

"Showing pitted connections between medullary rays and xylem parenchyma, and between contiguous xylem…

"Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. A, progressive steps in the development of a tracheal tube. 1, row of procambial or cambial cells that are to take part in the formation of a tube; 2, the same at a later stage enlarged in all dimensions; 3, the cells in 2 have grown larger, their cross-walls have been dissolved out, and the wall has become thickened and pitted; 4, the walls in 3 have become more thickened, the pits have an overhanging border, the walls have become lignified as indicated by the stippling, and finally the protoplasts have disappeared, and the tube is mature and dead." -Stevens, 1916

Xylem Development 1

"Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. A, progressive steps in the development of…

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "B, stages in the formation of tracheids from procambial or cambial cells. The steps are the same as in A, excepting that the cross-walls remain and become pitted." -Stevens, 1916

Xylem Development 2

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "B, stages in the formation of tracheids from…

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "C, steps in the development of wood fibers from cambial cells; 1, cambial cells; 2, the same grown larger in all dimensions with cells shoving past each other as they elongate; 3, a later stage with cells longer and more pointed and walls becoming thickened and pitted; 4, complete wood fibers with walls more thickened than in the previous stage and lignified, as shown by the stippling. The protoplasts in this last stage have disappeared and the fibers are dead." -Stevens, 1916

Xylem Development 3

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "C, steps in the development of wood fibers…

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "D, steps in the formation of wood parenchyma from cambial or procambial cells. 1, group of cambial or procambial cells; 2, the same enlarged in all dimensions; 3, the same with walls thickened and pitted; 4 and 5 show the same stages as 2 and 3, but here the cells have enlarged radially or tangentially more than they have vertically. The walls of these cells are apt to become lignified, but the cells are longer lived than the wood fibers." -Stevens, 1916

Xylem Development 4

Stages in the development of the elements of the xylem. "D, steps in the formation of wood parenchyma…