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A device used for counting.

Roman Abacus

A device used for counting.

Roman goddess of abundance.

Abundantiat

Roman goddess of abundance.

"A genus of small herbaceous plants of southern Europe and Africa; they have spinosely toothed leaves, and they are sometimes cultivated for the sake of their beautiful foliage."-Whitney, 1902

Acanthus

"A genus of small herbaceous plants of southern Europe and Africa; they have spinosely toothed leaves,…

"In order that [Alaric's] body might be saved from the gaze of the vulgar and the rage of his foes, he gave direction that it should be buried in the bed of the river Busentinus."—Ridpath, 1885

The Burial of Alaric in the Bed of the Busentinus

"In order that [Alaric's] body might be saved from the gaze of the vulgar and the rage of his foes,…

"Amphitrite was the wife of Neptune." —Bulfinch, 1897

Amphitrite

"Amphitrite was the wife of Neptune." —Bulfinch, 1897

"A jar with two handles; Among the Greek and Roman, a vessel, usually tall and slender having two handles or ears, a narrow neck, and generally a sharp-pointed base for insertion into the ground: used for holding wine, oil, honey, grain, etc."-Whitney, 1902

Amphora

"A jar with two handles; Among the Greek and Roman, a vessel, usually tall and slender having two handles…

"A jar with two handles; Among the Greek and Roman, a vessel, usually tall and slender having two handles or ears, a narrow neck, and generally a sharp-pointed base for insertion into the ground: used for holding wine, oil, honey, grain, etc."-Whitney, 1902

Amphora

"A jar with two handles; Among the Greek and Roman, a vessel, usually tall and slender having two handles…

"According to the ancient authorities, it was made of bronze, and its form was oval, but with the two sides receding inward with an even curvature, and so as to make it broader at the ends than in the middle. The original ancile was said to have fallen from the skies in the time of Numa. To secure its preservation, Numa ordered eleven other shields to be made exactly like it. These twelve <em>ancilia</em> were kept in the temple of Mars Gradivus, and were taken from it only once a year, on the kalends of March. The feast of the god was then observed during several days; when the Salii, or priests of Mars, twelve in number, carried the sacred shields about the city, singing songs in praise of Mars, Numa, and Mamurius Veturius, who made the eleven. They at the same time performed a dance, in which they struck the shield with rods, so as to keep time with their voices and with the movements of the dance." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Ancilia

"According to the ancient authorities, it was made of bronze, and its form was oval, but with the two…

The Roman antefix is is found in the temple of Jupiter Stator in Rome, Italy. This design is found on the lower roof line in front of the imbrices (overlapping roof tiles).

Roman Antefix

The Roman antefix is is found in the temple of Jupiter Stator in Rome, Italy. This design is found on…

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous, cast himself for his master's sake into the Nile, and was drowned. t appears that the oracle at Besa had informed the Emperor that impending calamity could be averted only by the self-sacrifice of the one whom he most loved. Antinous believed himself to be designated as the offering, and accordingly gave his life to the river."&mdash;Ridpath, 1885

Antinous

"It was during Hadrian's sojourn in this country that his favorite, the beautiful Birthynian named Antinous,…

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist clothed in royal purple. He was born A.D. 121, adopted by Antoninus Pius in 138, became consul in 140, and succeeded his adoptive father as emperor in 161." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist…

"Aphrodite or Venus" &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Aphrodite

"Aphrodite or Venus" —Bulfinch, 1897

An ancient sculpture representing an athlete using a strigil to scrape sweat and dust off his body.

Apoxyomenos

An ancient sculpture representing an athlete using a strigil to scrape sweat and dust off his body.

A Roman aqudect.

Roman aqueduct

A Roman aqudect.

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ruined aqueducts

"The ruined aqueducts in the Campagna." — Young, 1901

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

Aquilifer

An Aquilifer was the Roman soldier in charge of carrying the standard for his unit.

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." &mdash; Young, 1901

Ambo in the Ara Coeli

"Ambo in the Ara Coeli." — Young, 1901

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." &mdash; Young, 1901

Arms of Rome

"The Municipal Arms of Rome." — Young, 1901

"Roman As in the British Museum."-Whitney, 1902

As

"Roman As in the British Museum."-Whitney, 1902

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Athena and Argo

"Athena (Minerva) superintending the building of the Argo." — Smith, 1882

"Represents a Roman augur, with his litmus or divining staff, observing the signs in the heavens." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Roman augur

"Represents a Roman augur, with his litmus or divining staff, observing the signs in the heavens." —…

"Ethelbert met Augustine in the open air, under a tree at Canterbury, and heard him tell about the true God and Jesus Christ, whom He has sent; and, after some time, and a great deal of teaching, Ethelbert gave up worshiping Wooden and Thor, and believed in the true God and was baptized, and many of his people with him."

Augustine and Ethelbert

"Ethelbert met Augustine in the open air, under a tree at Canterbury, and heard him tell about the true…

This antique Roman balance from Pompeii has one pan that hangs from a rod.

Antique Roman balance from Pompeii

This antique Roman balance from Pompeii has one pan that hangs from a rod.

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones instead of darts.

Ballista

The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones…

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay with the upper part of the body reclined on the left arm, the head a little raised, the back supported by cushions and the limbs stretched out at full length, or a little bent; the feet of the first behind the back of the second, and his feet behind the back of the third, with a pillow between each. When they ate, they raised themselves on their elbow, and made use of the right hand. A banqueting-room generally contained three couches, holding nine guests, and, from the number of couches, was called <em>riclinium</em>. The following representation of such a room is from one at Pomopeii. In the centre is a pedestal to receive the table." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Banqueting room

"The Roman people reclined at their meals. On each couch there were commonly three persons. They lay…

This Roman base is a design found in the Capitalone museum of Rome, Italy. It is a design of leaves encircling the bottom the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is a design found in the Capitalone museum of Rome, Italy. It is a design of leaves…

This Roman base is found in the Temple of Concord in Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration, where a row of artificial leaves encircle the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is found in the Temple of Concord in Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration,…

This Roman base is found in the Baptistery of Constantinople, Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of decoration, where a row of artificial leaves encircle the shaft.

Roman Base

This Roman base is found in the Baptistery of Constantinople, Rome, Italy. It is a natural method of…

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of Old St Peter

"Sectional view of the old Basilica of St. Peter, before its destruction in the 16th century." —…

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." &mdash; Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

Basilica of St Agnese

"Section of Basilica of S. Agnese at Rome." — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910

"In the Brave Days of Old." &mdash;Bulfinch, 1897

Roman battle

"In the Brave Days of Old." —Bulfinch, 1897

Belsarius was ordered to have his eyes put out, and was reduced to a homeless beggar.

Blind Belsarius

Belsarius was ordered to have his eyes put out, and was reduced to a homeless beggar.

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." &mdash; Young, 1901

Benedict XIV

"Arms of Benedict XIV (Lambertini)." — Young, 1901

The Laurel branches were found in a the silver treasure of Hildesheim, Rome.

Laurel Branches

The Laurel branches were found in a the silver treasure of Hildesheim, Rome.

"The old bridge of Brioude across the Allier in France. Montfaucon and Seguin speak of this as a Roman work, but Gauthey gives the date 1454 for its construction, and names Grenier and Estone as builders without giving his authority." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Brioude Bridge

"The old bridge of Brioude across the Allier in France. Montfaucon and Seguin speak of this as a Roman…

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain. He then withdrew into his winter-quarters in Gaul, but in the following year returned into the island, defeated the British Celts under their king Cassivellaunus, and reduced the country to a dependency, compelling the Britons to pay tribute and give hostages."

Landing of the Romans in Britain

"After a successful summer campaign, [Caesar] made his way to the coast and cross over into Britain.…

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Front.

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

British Coin

British coin of the time period of the Roman invasion in the Gallic War, B.C. 54. Back.

Distinguished Roman, plotted to assassinate Caeser.

Brutus, Marcus Junius

Distinguished Roman, plotted to assassinate Caeser.

"Constantine, the first Christian emperor, removed the capital of the world-empire from Rome to Byzantium, henceforth to be called Constantinople. Though the court, with all its splendor and power, was thus transferred to a city where Greek was the vernacular, the change did not retard, but rather hastened, the decline of literature." &mdash; The Delphian Society, 1913

Byzantine court

"Constantine, the first Christian emperor, removed the capital of the world-empire from Rome to Byzantium,…

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Front.

A Coin of Caesar

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Front.

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Back.

A Coin of Caesar

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Back.

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Front.

Coin of Caesar

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Front.

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Back.

Coin of Caesar

Coin commissioned with the image of Caius Julius Caesar. Back.

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Front

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Front

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Back

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, design on back. Back

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Front

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Front

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Back

Coin of Cæsar

Coin of Caesar showing bust on front, ax and amphora on back. Back

(63-14 BCE) Founder of the Roman Empire

Augustus Caesar

(63-14 BCE) Founder of the Roman Empire

(63 BC-14) Founder of the Roman Empire

Augustus Caesar

(63 BC-14) Founder of the Roman Empire

The bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Gaius Iulius Caesar

The bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Gaius Iulius Caesar

Bust of Gaius Iulius Caesar.

Julius Caeser, Roman emperor.

Julius Caesar

Julius Caeser, Roman emperor.

Roman political leader, Julius Caesar.

Julius Caesar

Roman political leader, Julius Caesar.

An image depicting Julius Caesar, a Roman general and statesman. He was a key component to the shift of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. He emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world in 49 BC.

Julius Caesar

An image depicting Julius Caesar, a Roman general and statesman. He was a key component to the shift…

Roman emperor.

Caligula

Roman emperor.

"The Gonzaga Cameo. Ptolemy I. and Eurydice. Roman. In the St. Petersburg Museum." &mdash;D'Anvers, 1895

Gonzaga Cameo

"The Gonzaga Cameo. Ptolemy I. and Eurydice. Roman. In the St. Petersburg Museum." —D'Anvers,…

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." &mdash; Young, 1901

Campanile

"Campanile and Facade of SS Giovanni E Paolo." — Young, 1901