ClipArt ETC

The Structural Geology ClipArt gallery provides 172 illustrations of the study of the stresses and deformations of rock layers. The study of the various folds and deformations of rock strata is an important part of the search for petroleum and mineral resources.

Models showing deflection of outcrop of dipping strata on sloping surfaces. Slope of valley 40 degrees, dip of strata 20 degrees.

Deflection of Outcrop of Inclined Strata

Models showing deflection of outcrop of dipping strata on sloping surfaces. Slope of valley 40 degrees,…

Models showing deflection of outcrop of dipping strata on sloping surfaces. Slope of valley 20 degrees, dip of strata 50 degrees.

Deflection of Outcrop of Inclined Strata

Models showing deflection of outcrop of dipping strata on sloping surfaces. Slope of valley 20 degrees,…

Isoclinal folds, outcrop of strata in which there is a certain repetition of similar beds, which by their fossils or otherwise are recognized to be repetitions of the same strata.

Isoclinal Fold

Isoclinal folds, outcrop of strata in which there is a certain repetition of similar beds, which by…

Isoclinal folds, restoration as two anticlines and a syncline.

Isoclinal Fold

Isoclinal folds, restoration as two anticlines and a syncline.

Isoclinal folds, restoration as two synclines separated by an anticline.

Isoclinal Fold

Isoclinal folds, restoration as two synclines separated by an anticline.

This illustration shows a jointed structure. In this drawing, there are two systems of joints or divisional planes in the same region, crossing one another, and the undermining of a bluff of jointed beds and tumbling down of masses leads to the production of forms like those of fortifications or broken walls.

Jointed Rock

This illustration shows a jointed structure. In this drawing, there are two systems of joints or divisional…

Diagrams to illustrate the mode of formation of kettle holes in glacial deposits.

Formation of Kettle Holes

Diagrams to illustrate the mode of formation of kettle holes in glacial deposits.

Ideal section of La Plata Mountain, Colorado, showing the supposed original form of the laccolith of Mt. Moss.

La Plata Mountain

Ideal section of La Plata Mountain, Colorado, showing the supposed original form of the laccolith of…

"Lava has been forced not only into vertical cracks, but also between the layers of stratified rock, where it has hardened and forms more or less horizontal sills. In some instances the quantity of liquid rock forced into one locality is sufficient to raise the overlying strata into a dome which appears upon the surface of a mountain. Such accumulation of igenous material in the midst of sedimentary rocks are called laccolites." -Dryer, 1901

Laccolite

"Lava has been forced not only into vertical cracks, but also between the layers of stratified rock,…

"a, the massive; b, the shaly; c, the laminated; d, e, and f, the compound or irregularly bedded." -Dana, 1880

Structure of Layers

"a, the massive; b, the shaly; c, the laminated; d, e, and f, the compound or irregularly bedded." -Dana,…

Diagram showing the relationship of the black sapropelitic shales, the oil producers, to the limestone beds on the left and the sands on the right.

Limestone Beds

Diagram showing the relationship of the black sapropelitic shales, the oil producers, to the limestone…

Diagrammatic section of the Marjelen Lake, the Aletsch Glacier which holds it and the valley of the Viesch into which it drains when full.

Marjelen Lake

Diagrammatic section of the Marjelen Lake, the Aletsch Glacier which holds it and the valley of the…

Section of glacier lake called the Marjelen See.

Marjelen See

Section of glacier lake called the Marjelen See.

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin showing the rimming cuestas which are largely submerged.

Michigan Basin

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin showing the rimming cuestas which are largely submerged.

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin based on well sections. Owing to the exaggeration of the vertical scale, the folds appear more prominent than they are in reality.

Michigan Basin

Cross-section of the Michigan Basin based on well sections. Owing to the exaggeration of the vertical…

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the old volcano.

Mont Dore, France

Section of the massif of Mont Dore, France, showing the succession of eruptions and the outline of the…

Ideal cross-section of the laccoliths of Mt. Holmes, after restoration.

Mt. Holmes

Ideal cross-section of the laccoliths of Mt. Holmes, after restoration.

Section of the Nashvile dome, showing the center eroded into a topographic basin or encircled lowland, the so-called Central Basin of Tennessee.

Nashville Dome

Section of the Nashvile dome, showing the center eroded into a topographic basin or encircled lowland,…

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting of the peneplane.

New York Peneplane

North-south section across western New York, showing the three cuestas and lowlands and the tilting…

The edge of the Niagara escarpment. NS, showing the position of the ancient Iroquois Beach (IB) and the relation of the Iroquois level to that of Lake Ontario.

Niagara Escarpment

The edge of the Niagara escarpment. NS, showing the position of the ancient Iroquois Beach (IB) and…

This illustration represents a section of the rocks along the river below Niagara Falls. It gives some idea of the alterations which occur in the strata.

Niagara Falls

This illustration represents a section of the rocks along the river below Niagara Falls. It gives some…

Section of Niagara River from Lake Ontario to the Falls.

Niagara River

Section of Niagara River from Lake Ontario to the Falls.

The nitrate is found on the east side of a low range of hills from fifteen to ninety miles back from the sea. It is in the form of rocky stratum with layers of salt rock and sand above it, although sometimes it lies on the top of the ground.

Diagram of Nitrate Bed

The nitrate is found on the east side of a low range of hills from fifteen to ninety miles back from…

Natural and columnar section to illustrate compound offlapping and overlapping series.

Compound Offlapping and Overlapping Series

Natural and columnar section to illustrate compound offlapping and overlapping series.

Section to illustrate the relationships of strata formed by a compound, transgressing, retreatal and transgressive movement of the sea with the resulting overlapping, offlapping and overlapping series separated by a compound sandstone of emergence and submergence.

Offlaps Followed by Overlap

Section to illustrate the relationships of strata formed by a compound, transgressing, retreatal and…

"Idealized section through a dome showing sand-filled channels in cross-section, points of accumulation of oil and gas, and direction of migration." -Johnson, 1916

Oil Accumulation

"Idealized section through a dome showing sand-filled channels in cross-section, points of accumulation…

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg at Rondout, New York.

Ordovician Sandstone and Silurian Limestone

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg…

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg at Rondout, New York before the last folding.

Ordovician Sandstone and Silurian Limestone

Diagram showing the relationships of the Ordovician sandstones to the Silurian limestones on the Vlightberg…

"Unit orographic blocks in granite, near the knife works, Hotchkissville. a Area over downthrown block." -Walcott, 1901

Orographic Blocks

"Unit orographic blocks in granite, near the knife works, Hotchkissville. a Area over downthrown block."…

"Outcrop showing faults, spur south of Deadwood." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop

"Outcrop showing faults, spur south of Deadwood." -Walcott, 1901

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing tilting of orographic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing tilting of…

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing throw of orgaraphic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressively increasing throw of orgaraphic…

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressive decrease in width of orographic blocks." -Walcott, 1901

Outcrop Diagram

"Diagram to illustrate crescentic offsetting of outcrops due to progressive decrease in width of orographic…

Diagram illustrating width of outcrop AB of the bed, the thickness of which is AC; its depth at X is measured by the length of XY.

Width of Outcrop

Diagram illustrating width of outcrop AB of the bed, the thickness of which is AC; its depth at X is…

Diagrammatic section to illustrate the overlap of continental beds over a retreatal marine series.

Overlap of Continental Beds

Diagrammatic section to illustrate the overlap of continental beds over a retreatal marine series.

Restored section from the Appalachians to the Cincinnati region, to show the overlaps of continental and marine strata.

Overlap from the Appalachians to Cincinnati

Restored section from the Appalachians to the Cincinnati region, to show the overlaps of continental…

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic of the formations. The depression in Utica is due to erosion.

Various Types of Overlap Across New York State

East-west section across the state of New York, showing the various types of overlap characteristic…

Diagram illustrating the coastal plain of overlapping strata, with consequent and insequent drainage.

Overlapping Strata

Diagram illustrating the coastal plain of overlapping strata, with consequent and insequent drainage.

Diagrammatic section showing the overthrust at the northern end of the Hudson Highlands. The main overthrust on the right brings the crystallines above the Hudson River slates.

Hudson Highlands Overthrust

Diagrammatic section showing the overthrust at the northern end of the Hudson Highlands. The main overthrust…

Section through North Hill, Kingston, N.Y. showing the overthrust which led to a repetition of the strata.

North Hill Overthrust

Section through North Hill, Kingston, N.Y. showing the overthrust which led to a repetition of the strata.

A section of the Paleozoic rocks found in the Mississppi basin illustrating the periods and ages.

Paleozoic Rocks

A section of the Paleozoic rocks found in the Mississppi basin illustrating the periods and ages.

Volcanic sills - the Palisades of Hudson.

Palisades of Hudson

Volcanic sills - the Palisades of Hudson.

Diagram showing the development of a peneplane from anticlinal ridges and the reappearance of the uniclinal topography after elevation and renewed erosion. This is the type of structure found in the Appalachians.

Development of a Peneplane

Diagram showing the development of a peneplane from anticlinal ridges and the reappearance of the uniclinal…

Pennine chain from the Eden Valley to the River Tees, showing block structure.

Pennine Chain

Pennine chain from the Eden Valley to the River Tees, showing block structure.

Diagram illustrating the formation of phacoliths (shown in solid black). A phacolith is an intrusion of liquid rock formed when magma pushes up from deep within the earth into any cracks or spaces it can find.

Phacoliths

Diagram illustrating the formation of phacoliths (shown in solid black). A phacolith is an intrusion…

Diagram showing pitching folds and the topography formed by their erosion.

Pitching Folds

Diagram showing pitching folds and the topography formed by their erosion.

Land before and after ploughing.

Ploughing

Land before and after ploughing.

Section to illustrate the arrangement and change in facies in an offlapping series formed during a retreatal movement of the sea.

Progressive Offlapping

Section to illustrate the arrangement and change in facies in an offlapping series formed during a retreatal…

Section to show normal progressive overlap of the formations and their shoreward change from muds to sands and pebbles.

Progressive Overlap

Section to show normal progressive overlap of the formations and their shoreward change from muds to…

Sections to illustrate progressive overlap; a) in a continental series, away from the source of supply; b) in a marine series towards the source of supply.

Progressive Overlap

Sections to illustrate progressive overlap; a) in a continental series, away from the source of supply;…

Section to show normal progressive overlap of marine formations and their shoreward change from limestones to sandstones.

Progressive Overlap of Marine Formations

Section to show normal progressive overlap of marine formations and their shoreward change from limestones…

Natural and columnar sections at each end and at the center of a line 100 miles long and at right angles to the original trend of the shore. The progressive overlap and change in facies is shown. Note that in each section the clastic formation next above the crystallines is a sandstone, but that it belongs to different formations in each.

Progressive Overlap of Shore

Natural and columnar sections at each end and at the center of a line 100 miles long and at right angles…

Parallel vertical or columnar sections on the face of Pulpit Rock, near Colorado Springs, through identical strata, and only 20 feet apart; illustrating rapid lateral changes in the character of the strata.

Pulpit Rock Sections

Parallel vertical or columnar sections on the face of Pulpit Rock, near Colorado Springs, through identical…

Diagrammatic section to illustrate replacing overlap of shore or continental sands on the right and marine shales, sandstones and calcareous beds on the left.

Replacing Overlap

Diagrammatic section to illustrate replacing overlap of shore or continental sands on the right and…

Diagrammatic sections to represent the development of the Rhine Graben and its present structural and topographic features.

Rhine Graben

Diagrammatic sections to represent the development of the Rhine Graben and its present structural and…

Section of the rift valley of the Rhine. 1) granite; 2-7)Mesozoic rocks; 8,9) Tertiary and recent.

Rift Valley of the Rhine

Section of the rift valley of the Rhine. 1) granite; 2-7)Mesozoic rocks; 8,9) Tertiary and recent.

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the shores of Lake Erie.

New York Rock Formation

Section across Western New York, showing the rock formations exposed on the Niagara River and on the…

"Diagrammatic structure section of the Wasatch Range in Ogden Canyon." -Lee, 1915

Rock Layers Showing Geological Periods

"Diagrammatic structure section of the Wasatch Range in Ogden Canyon." -Lee, 1915

"Cross section of Marsh Creek valley at McCammon, Idaho." -Lee, 1915

Rock Layers Showing Types of Rock

"Cross section of Marsh Creek valley at McCammon, Idaho." -Lee, 1915

Illustration of curved and contoured rocks near Old Head of Kinsale.

Contoured Rocks

Illustration of curved and contoured rocks near Old Head of Kinsale.