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The Lincoln Cathedral in England is an example of early English Gothic architecture during medieval times.

Lincoln Cathedral

The Lincoln Cathedral in England is an example of early English Gothic architecture during medieval…

"Tower of the Early Christian Basilica of S. Maria in Cosmedin at Rome." Santa Maria in Cosmedin (or de Schola Graeca) is a basilica church in Rome. The church was built in the 6th century over the remains of the Templum Herculis Pompeiani in the Forum Boarium and of the Statio annonae, one of the food distribution centres of ancient Rome.

Tower of Santa Maria in Cosmedin

"Tower of the Early Christian Basilica of S. Maria in Cosmedin at Rome." Santa Maria in Cosmedin (or…

"Section of the Church of S. Constantia at Rome. The simplest desctiptions of this kind of building are the baptistries, for which the ancient Thermæ furnished models. They generally have a circular or octagonal ground plan, a main space covered with a round or polygonal dome, and a circular passage separated therefrom by pillars in the same way that the side aisles are separated from the main aisle in basilicas. Sometimes they were without this passage, and only had galleries running round the interior like boxes in a theater. These buildings were generally constructed in the vicinity of cathedrals.

Santa Costanza

"Section of the Church of S. Constantia at Rome. The simplest desctiptions of this kind of building…

"Dome-System of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached its highest example and splendor in the church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. After this church, which was originally built by Constantine, had been burnt to the ground, it was rebuilt, with the utmost care, and at great expense, by Justinian. On each of he open sides of the dome-covered square there abuts a semicircle with semi-domes of somewhat inferior height to the main dome." This diagram shows how the semi-domes are penetrated on each side by three smaller vaults.

Dome System of Hagia Sophia

"Dome-System of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period…

"Section of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached its highest example and splendor in the church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. After this church, which was originally built by Constantine, had been burnt to the ground, it was rebuilt, with the utmost care, and at great expense, by Justinian. On each of he open sides of the dome-covered square there abuts a semicircle with semi-domes of somewhat inferior height to the main dome."

Section of Hagia Sophia

"Section of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. The Byzantine style of this first period reached…

"Interior of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. Besides the Narthex, there was a second vestibule: both extended the whole breadth of the building. In front of it was an entrance court surrounded by a colonnade, which was entered through an arch resting on four pillars."

Interior of Hagia Sophia

"Interior of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. Besides the Narthex, there was a second vestibule:…

"Exterior of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. Although the impression conveyed by this church is not so pure and simple as that which the basilicas produce, still its outlines are magnificent and imposing. The exterior displayed a novel divergency from the normal standard. Whist hitherto the antique form of the roof had been preserved, it was now replaced by a totally different one: inasmuch as the vaulting, at least of the domes, was visible from the outside without any screen, or the only covering it had was one of polished metal."

Exterior of Hagia Sophia

"Exterior of the Church of Sta. Sophia at Constantinople. Although the impression conveyed by this church…

A sculpture representing and commemorating a person, usually in a church.

Effigy

A sculpture representing and commemorating a person, usually in a church.

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer uses. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches.

Comfrey

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer…

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer uses. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches.

Comfrey Flower

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer…

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer uses. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches.

Comfrey (Longitudinal Section)

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer…

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer uses. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches.

Sepal and Fruit of Comfrey

Comfrey (also comphrey) is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertilizer…

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted in clay of one color in a ground of clay of another color. The manufacture and employment of encaustic tiles were brought to great excellence in connection with the architecture of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, particularly in France and England; and the art has been successfully revived in the nineteenth century." -Whitney, 1911

Encaustic Tile

"Encaustic tile, a tile for pavement- and wall-decoration, in which the pattern is inlaid or incrusted…

An illustration of the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) Monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. Aristocrats were buried inside chapels and monks and people associated with the Abbey were buried in the Cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the Abbey where he was employed as master of the Kings Works. Other poets were buried or memorialized around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner

Westminster Abbey

An illustration of the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster,…

The Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) is a plant in the Ericaceae family of heaths.

Bell Heather

The Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) is a plant in the Ericaceae family of heaths.

The magnified flower of the Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) is a plant in the Ericaceae family of heaths.

Bell Heather

The magnified flower of the Bell Heather (Erica cinerea) is a plant in the Ericaceae family of heaths.

An illustration of a triangle comprised of a church and two lines. This illustration can be used to determine the height of the church steeple, the hypotenuse, and distance of the tower from object one and two.

Triangle with Church

An illustration of a triangle comprised of a church and two lines. This illustration can be used to…

Monkwearmouth is an area of Sunderland located at the north side of the mouth of the River Wear. It was one of the three original settlements on the banks of the River Wear along with Bishopwearmouth and Sunderland, the area now known as the East End. It includes the area around St. Peter's Church and was once the main centre of Wearside shipbuilding and coalmining in the town. It is now host to a campus of the University of Sunderland and the National Glass Centre. It is served by the three Church of England churches of the Parish of Monkwearmouth. The locals of the area were called "Barbary Coasters". The borough stretches from Wearmouth Bridge to the harbour mouth on the north side of the river and is one of the oldest parts of Sunderland.

Monkwearmouth Church

Monkwearmouth is an area of Sunderland located at the north side of the mouth of the River Wear. It…

The Renaissance Oblong Panel is found at a church in Kamenz, Germany. It has a freer decoration of palmettes.

Renaissance Oblong Panel

The Renaissance Oblong Panel is found at a church in Kamenz, Germany. It has a freer decoration of palmettes.

This Renaissance Oblong Panel is a design found on Marsuppini's tomb in the St. Croce church of Florence, Italy.

Renaissance Oblong Panel

This Renaissance Oblong Panel is a design found on Marsuppini's tomb in the St. Croce church of Florence,…

This Renaissance Oblong Panel is a design found at the St. Michaels' church in Germany.

Renaissance Oblong Panel

This Renaissance Oblong Panel is a design found at the St. Michaels' church in Germany.

The early Gothic spanrail panel is found in a stone church in England.

Early Gothic Spanrail Panel

The early Gothic spanrail panel is found in a stone church in England.

This Renaissance lunette panel is an intarsia (wood inlay) design. It is found in the Santa Maria church in Organo, Verona, Italy.

Renaissance Lunette Panel

This Renaissance lunette panel is an intarsia (wood inlay) design. It is found in the Santa Maria church…

The door lozenge panel is a rhombus shape. It is a 17th century design found in the Nordlingen church in Germany.

Door Lozenge Panel

The door lozenge panel is a rhombus shape. It is a 17th century design found in the Nordlingen church…

This geometrical circle pattern found in the St. Croce church in Florence, Italy.

Geometrical Pattern

This geometrical circle pattern found in the St. Croce church in Florence, Italy.

The marble mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stone, wood, glass, leather or straw to make a picture or pattern. This design is found in the San Vitale church in Ravenna, Italy.

Marble Mosaic Circle Pattern

The marble mosaic circle pattern is inlaid pieces of stone, wood, glass, leather or straw to make a…

The painting pattern is an Italian Renaissance design, found in the Santa Croce church in Florence, Italy.

Painting Pattern

The painting pattern is an Italian Renaissance design, found in the Santa Croce church in Florence,…

The painting pattern is a 13th century design found in the consistory (governing body) church in Assisi, Italy.

Painting Pattern

The painting pattern is a 13th century design found in the consistory (governing body) church in Assisi,…

The painting pattern is a 13th century design found in the consistory (governing body) church in Assisi, Italy.

Painting Pattern

The painting pattern is a 13th century design found in the consistory (governing body) church in Assisi,…

The Modern French pattern is a church painting.

Modern French Pattern

The Modern French pattern is a church painting.

The Modern French pattern is a church painting.

Modern French Pattern

The Modern French pattern is a church painting.

This gold pattern is a design found on the floor of the altar shrine in the church of St. Egidius, Barthfeld, Slovakia.

Gold Pattern

This gold pattern is a design found on the floor of the altar shrine in the church of St. Egidius, Barthfeld,…

This Bishop's robe pattern is found in the sacristy of the St. Croce church in Florence, Italy. It is a geometrical pattern.

Bishop's Robe Pattern

This Bishop's robe pattern is found in the sacristy of the St. Croce church in Florence, Italy. It is…

This painted gold pattern is 15th century design found on the floor of the St. Lorenzo church in Rottweil, Germany.

Painted Gold Pattern

This painted gold pattern is 15th century design found on the floor of the St. Lorenzo church in Rottweil,…

This church stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

Church Stoup

This church stoup is used to store holy water. It is found in Roman Catholic churches.

A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold", "platform", "stage") is a small elevated platform from which a member of the clergy delivers a sermon in a house of worship.

Pulpit

A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold", "platform", "stage") is a small elevated platform from which…

"A glass bell is fixed to stand, and beside it is a stand carrying a small ivory ball. This is so arranged that the ball shall just rest against the rim of the glass, Now let the violin bow be rubbed with a lump of rosin, and then drawn steadily over the edge of the glass. A clear musical note will be produced, but the vibrations of the glass will scarcely be perceptible to the eye." -New, 1891

Tone

"A glass bell is fixed to stand, and beside it is a stand carrying a small ivory ball. This is so arranged…

Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535) was an English lawyer, author, and statesman who in his lifetime gained a reputation as a leading humanist scholar, and occupied many public offices, including Lord Chancellor (1529–1532), in which he had a number of people burned at the stake for heresy. More coined the word "utopia", a name he gave to an ideal, imaginary island nation whose political system he described in the eponymous book published in 1516. He was beheaded in 1535 when he refused to sign the Act of Supremacy that declared Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church in England.

Sir Thomas More

Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535) was an English lawyer, author, and statesman who…

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from union with the Holy See. Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of royal supremacy in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

Thomas Cranmer

Thomas Cranmer (2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop…

A cross sectional view of a bell.

Cross Section of a Bell

A cross sectional view of a bell.

The fava bean plant (Vicia faba or Faba vulgaris) is a flowering plant in the Fabaceae family of legumes.

Fava Bean

The fava bean plant (Vicia faba or Faba vulgaris) is a flowering plant in the Fabaceae family of legumes.

"A small desk in cathedrals, churches, etc., at which the litany is enjoined to be sung or said. It is sometimes called a litany stool or litany desk, and when used it is generally placed in the middle of the choir, sometimes near the steps of the altar." -Whitney, 1911

Faldstool

"A small desk in cathedrals, churches, etc., at which the litany is enjoined to be sung or said. It…

The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral in England show an early example of fan-tracery, patterns carved on a vault.

Fan-Tracery of Cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral

The cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral in England show an early example of fan-tracery, patterns carved…

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina, and frequently also the credence." -Whitney, 1911

Fenestella in the Church of Norrey

"Fenestella. In Roman Catholic churches, a niche on the south side of an altar, containing the piscina,…

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to be borne in religious processions." -Whitney, 1911

Feretory

"Feretory. English medieval silverwork. A shrine or bier containing the relics of saints, adapted to…

An illustration depicting the inside of an apse. In architecture, the apse (Latin absis "arch, vault"; sometimes written apsis; plural apses) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault. In Romanesque, Byzantine and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral and church architecture, the term is applied to the semi-circular or polygonal section of the sanctuary at the liturgical east end beyond the altar. Geometrically speaking, an apse is either a half-cone or half-dome.

Apse of a Cathedral

An illustration depicting the inside of an apse. In architecture, the apse (Latin absis "arch, vault";…

An illustration of a small church and graveyard.

Church and Graveyard

An illustration of a small church and graveyard.

A fan used in Catholic liturgies to keep insects away from the bread and wine.

Papal Flabellum

A fan used in Catholic liturgies to keep insects away from the bread and wine.

A fan used in Catholic liturgies to keep insects away from the bread and wine.

Liturgical Flabellum

A fan used in Catholic liturgies to keep insects away from the bread and wine.

An illustration of a woman wearing a sign and ringing a bell.

Woman with Sign

An illustration of a woman wearing a sign and ringing a bell.

The tracery on the windows of La Sainte-Chapelle, in Paris, France shows foliations: a leaf pattern common in Gothic architecture. "Foliations in Tracery. Sainte Chapelle, Paris, A. D. 1240." -Whitney, 1911

Tracery Foliations

The tracery on the windows of La Sainte-Chapelle, in Paris, France shows foliations: a leaf pattern…

"Font, Cathedral of Langres, France; end of 13th century. A repository for the water used in baptism; now, specifically, a basin, usually of marble or other fine stone, permanently fixed within a church, to contain the water for baptism by sprinkling or immersion: distinctively called a baptismal font." -Whitney, 1911

Baptismal Font

"Font, Cathedral of Langres, France; end of 13th century. A repository for the water used in baptism;…

"Gable of the South Transept Door of Notre Dame, Paris; 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

Gable at Notre Dame de Paris

"Gable of the South Transept Door of Notre Dame, Paris; 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

"Gable Tower, Dormans, France. A tower finished with gables on two sides or on all four sides, instead of terminating in a spire, a parapet, or otherwise." -Whitney, 1911

Gable Tower in France

"Gable Tower, Dormans, France. A tower finished with gables on two sides or on all four sides, instead…

"Galleries of the west front of the Cathedral of Amiens, 13th century, illustrating treatment of galleries as a decorative feature." -Whitney, 1911

Galleries of Cathedral of Amiens

"Galleries of the west front of the Cathedral of Amiens, 13th century, illustrating treatment of galleries…

An illustration of a small chapel surrounded by woods.

Chapel

An illustration of a small chapel surrounded by woods.

A shield or escutcheon emblazoned with the fur, vair, represented by alternating azure (blue) and argent (silver) bell shapes with horizontal lines.

Vair Shield Fur

A shield or escutcheon emblazoned with the fur, vair, represented by alternating azure (blue) and argent…

A shield or escutcheon emblazoned with the fur, vair, represented by alternating azure (blue) and argent (silver) bell shapes with horizontal lines.

Counter-Vair Shield Fur

A shield or escutcheon emblazoned with the fur, vair, represented by alternating azure (blue) and argent…

Edward Winslow (1595 – 1655) was an American Pilgrim leader on the Mayflower. He served as the governor of Plymouth Colony in 1633, 1636, and finally in 1644. He was born in Droitwich, Worcestershire, England, on October 18, 1595. In 1617 he removed to Leiden, united with John Robinson's church there, and in 1620 was one of the "pilgrims" who emigrated to New England on the Mayflower and founded the Plymouth colony.

Edward Winslow

Edward Winslow (1595 – 1655) was an American Pilgrim leader on the Mayflower. He served as the governor…

An illustration of a boy waking a sleeping boy with a small bell.

Boy Waking Another Boy with Bell

An illustration of a boy waking a sleeping boy with a small bell.