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A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

Hand

A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

"The Geometrina in the larval condition have only four prolegs, the usual number being ten, and in moving these are brought close up to the last pair of thoracic limbs, thus giving the caterpillar a looped appearance, hence the term "loopers" usually applied to these moths; they then hold on by the prolegs, and releasing those in front carry the body forward until the arched appearance is gone. They thus move by an alternate process of looping and straightening their bodies. The larva of Geometers have also the curious havit of fixing themselves by their hind feet to the branch of a shrub, throwing the remainder of their bodies out, and remaining motionless in this position for hours, thus exhibiting an enormous amount of muscular energy." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Geometrina

"The Geometrina in the larval condition have only four prolegs, the usual number being ten, and in moving…

"The Geometrina in the larval condition have only four prolegs, the usual number being ten, and in moving these are brought close up to the last pair of thoracic limbs, thus giving the caterpillar a looped appearance, hence the term "loopers" usually applied to these moths; they then hold on by the prolegs, and releasing those in front carry the body forward until the arched appearance is gone. They thus move by an alternate process of looping and straightening their bodies. The larva of Geometers have also the curious havit of fixing themselves by their hind feet to the branch of a shrub, throwing the remainder of their bodies out, and remaining motionless in this position for hours, thus exhibiting an enormous amount of muscular energy." — Encyclopedia Britanica; 1893

Geometrina

"The Geometrina in the larval condition have only four prolegs, the usual number being ten, and in moving…

A small toothed ocean fish. About 6 feet in length and has a blunt head not produced into a long beak, and a thick body tapering toward the tail.

Porpoise

A small toothed ocean fish. About 6 feet in length and has a blunt head not produced into a long beak,…

Birds with pigeon like heads and necks. their body is compact and sturdy. Has a leathery down on their feet.

Sand Grouse

Birds with pigeon like heads and necks. their body is compact and sturdy. Has a leathery down on their…

"The diving dress envelops the whole body of the diver, the upper portion a being the "helmet," the intermediate portion b the "breast-plate," and the lower portion c the "dress." The hose by which the air is supplied is shown at d, and e is the "life" or "signal" line, which is attached to the diver's waist, and by which he makes signals and is hauled to the surface. The water-proof material of which the dress is made is very generally sheet india-rubber covered on both sides with tanned twill to protect the india-rubber from injury." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Diving Dress

"The diving dress envelops the whole body of the diver, the upper portion a being the "helmet," the…

"The anterior portion of the body of Aeschua cyanea freed from the puparium." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dragonfly

"The anterior portion of the body of Aeschua cyanea freed from the puparium." — Encyclopedia Britannica,…

"The whole body extricated." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dragonfly

"The whole body extricated." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The rays are sometimes very short, or altogether wanting, the body having the form of a pentagonal disk." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Astrogonium Phrygianum

"The rays are sometimes very short, or altogether wanting, the body having the form of a pentagonal…

"The Abdominal Viscera <em>in situ</em>, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum removed. The ribs on the right side are indicated by Roman numerals; it will be observed that the eighth costal cartilage articulated with the sternum on both sides." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Abdomen

"The Abdominal Viscera in situ, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum…

"An expanded Alcyonarian Zooid, showing the mouth surrounded by eight pinnate tentacles. st, Stomodaeum in the center of the transparent body; m, mesenteries; asm, asulcar mesenteries; B, picules, enlarged." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Alcyonarian zooid

"An expanded Alcyonarian Zooid, showing the mouth surrounded by eight pinnate tentacles. st, Stomodaeum…

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species, all of which are found exclusively in Africa, with the exception of the common genet, which occurs also throughout the south of Europe and in Palestine, where Tristram notes it as occurring on Mount Carmel. The fur of this species is of a dark grey color, thickly spotted with black, and having a dark streak along the back, while the tail, which is nearly as long as the body, is prettily ringed with black and white." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Genet

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species,…

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

Pycnometer

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

Pycnometer

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

Pycnometer

An instrument for determining the relative density or specific gravity of a solid body.

It is a food fish of good quality, but too small to be of much economic importance, reaching a length of only eight inches and a weight of half a pound. The body is compressed and covered with rather large deciduous scales.

Queenfish

It is a food fish of good quality, but too small to be of much economic importance, reaching a length…

An animal about two feet long, stout body, bushy ringed tail, short limbs, pointed ears, broad face, and sharp snout. Usually washes its food before eating it.

Racoon

An animal about two feet long, stout body, bushy ringed tail, short limbs, pointed ears, broad face,…

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of attachment to body of animal." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Noctiluca Miliaris

"Flagellum of Noctiluca miliaris (highly magnified). s, transversely striated substance; b, base of…

"Portion of the body-wall of Hydra, showing ectoderm cells above, separated by "structureless lamelia" from three flagellate endoderm cells below. The latter are vacnolated, and contain each a nucleus and several dark granules. In the middle ectoderm cell are seen a nucleus and three nematocysts, with trigger hairs projecting beyond the cuticle. A large nematocyst with everted thread, is seen in the right-hand ectodermal cell." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Body-wall

"Portion of the body-wall of Hydra, showing ectoderm cells above, separated by "structureless lamelia"…

"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella; the two lower are epidermo-muscular cells from the base of a tentacle; the upstanding nucloated portion forms part of the epidermal mosaic on the free surface of the body." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Muscular Cells

"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella;…

"Anterior end of body of Branchiostoma. d, chorda dorsalis; e, spinal cord; f, cartilaginous rods; g, eye; h, branchial rods; i, labial cartilage; k, oral cirrhi." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Brachiostoma

"Anterior end of body of Branchiostoma. d, chorda dorsalis; e, spinal cord; f, cartilaginous rods; g,…

"A small class of Articulated Animals, mostly included by Linnaeus in his class Verimes. They have a more or less elongated body, which is always composed of numerous rings. The first of these rings assumes, in most of them, the characters of a head, but in some there is no proper head." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Sandworm

"A small class of Articulated Animals, mostly included by Linnaeus in his class Verimes. They have a…

"States that: A body when immersed in a fluid loses exactly as much of its weight as is equal to the weight of the dluid it displaces; or: A fluid sustains as mch of the weight of a body immersed in it as is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Archimedes Principle

"States that: A body when immersed in a fluid loses exactly as much of its weight as is equal to the…

The radial bone in the human arm.

Radius

The radial bone in the human arm.

The ulna bone in the human arm.

Ulna

The ulna bone in the human arm.

"The Steelyard is more portable then the ordinary balance. It consists of a lever, AB, moving round a knife-edge or point at C. The body to be weighed, W, is put into the scale which hangs from A; and a movable weight P, is made to slide along the longer arm, until the lever, AB, remains horizontal." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Steelyard

"The Steelyard is more portable then the ordinary balance. It consists of a lever, AB, moving round…

"A genus of Orthopterous insects, having an oval or orbicular flattened body, the head hidden beneath the large plate of the prothorax, long thread-like antennae, and wings folded only longitudinally. The elytra are parchment-like, and the wings are sometimes very imperfectly developed, particularly in the females, as in the case of the common cockroach." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Male Cockroach

"A genus of Orthopterous insects, having an oval or orbicular flattened body, the head hidden beneath…

"A genus of Orthopterous insects, having an oval or orbicular flattened body, the head hidden beneath the large plate of the prothorax, long thread-like antennae, and wings folded only longitudinally. The elytra are parchment-like, and the wings are sometimes very imperfectly developed, particularly in the females, as in the case of the common cockroach." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Female Cockroach

"A genus of Orthopterous insects, having an oval or orbicular flattened body, the head hidden beneath…

"Crown-work, in Fortification, is formed to strengthen a weak front, or to occupy ground which might facilitate the enemy's operations. It consists of two faces inclined to each other at an angle, with a bastion in the middle, and half-bastions at the two ends; and it is connected with the main body of the work by two long sides. RMNPS is the crown-work, in front of and protecting the ravelin O. Both of these works are entirely beyong the main ditch of the place, but each has also a ditch of its own." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Crown-Work

"Crown-work, in Fortification, is formed to strengthen a weak front, or to occupy ground which might…

"Tetraodon have a remarkable power of inflating their bodies by filling their stomachs with air, the stomach being extremely dilatable, and assuming a globular form when distended, whence they have received the name Globe Fish, whilst from the spines, which stand out in all directions, like those of a hedgehog when rolled up, as if for defence of the inflated body, some of them have been designated Porcupine Fish." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Globefish

"Tetraodon have a remarkable power of inflating their bodies by filling their stomachs with air, the…

A ground shrub which when brushed against by a human causes itching.

Poison Ivy

A ground shrub which when brushed against by a human causes itching.

"An expanded Alcyonarian zooid, showing the mouth surrounded by eight pinnate tentacles. st, Stomodaeum in the center of the transparent body; m, messenteries; asm, asulcar mesenteries; B, spicules, enlarged." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Alcyonarian

"An expanded Alcyonarian zooid, showing the mouth surrounded by eight pinnate tentacles. st, Stomodaeum…

"Diagram to show the way in which an outgrowing gill-process bearing blood-holding lamellae, may give rise, if the sternal body wall sings inwards, to a lung-chamber with air-holding lamellae. I is the embryonic condition. L is the condition of outgrowth with gl, gill lamellae. A is the condition of insinging of the sternal surface and consequent enclosure of the lamelligerous surface of the appendage in a chamber with narrow orifice&mdash;the pulmonary air-holding chamber. pl, Pulmonary lamellae. bs, Blood sinus." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Lamellae

"Diagram to show the way in which an outgrowing gill-process bearing blood-holding lamellae, may give…

"Diagram of the arterial system of A, Scorpio, and B, Limulus. The Roman numerals indicate the body somites and the two figures are adjusted for comparison. ce, Cerebral arteries; sp, supra-spinal or medullary artery; c, caudal artery; l, lateral anastomotic artery of Limulus. The figure B also shows the peculiar neural investiture formed by the cerebral arteries in Limulus and the derivation from this of the arteries to the limbs, III, IV, VI, whereas in Scorpio the latter have a seperate origin from the anterior aorta." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Arterial System

"Diagram of the arterial system of A, Scorpio, and B, Limulus. The Roman numerals indicate the body…

"Drawing from tlife of the Italian scorpion Euscorpius italicus, Herbst, holding a blue-bottle fly with its left chela, and carefully piercing it between head and thorax with its string. Two insertions of the string are effected and the fly is instantly paralysed by the poison so introduced into its body." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"Drawing from tlife of the Italian scorpion Euscorpius italicus, Herbst, holding a blue-bottle fly with…

"Thelyphonus sp. Ventral view of the anterior portion of the body to show the three prosomatic sternal plates a, b, c, and the rudimentary sternal element of the praegenital somite; opisth I, first somite o the opisthosoma." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Thelyphonus

"Thelyphonus sp. Ventral view of the anterior portion of the body to show the three prosomatic sternal…

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, a Tartarid Pedipalp. Dorsal view of a male with the appendages cut short. I to VI. The prosomatic appendages. a, Anterior plate. b, Posterior plate of the prosomatic carapace. prae-gen, Tergum of the praegenital somite. II, The eleventh somite of the opisthosoma. pa, Post-anal lobe of the male&mdash;a conical body with narrow basal stalk." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomus

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, a Tartarid Pedipalp. Dorsal view of a male with the appendages cut short.…

"Stylocellus sumatranus, one of the Opiliones; after Thorell. Enlarged. A, Dorsal view; I to VI, the six prosomatic appendages. B, Ventral view of the prosoma and of the first somite of the opisthosoma, with the appendages I to VI cut off at the base; a, tracheal stigma; mx, maxillary processes of the coxae of the 3rd pair of appendages; g, genital aperture. C, Ventral surface of the prosoma and opisthosoma; a, tracheal stigma; b, last somite. D, Lateral view of the 1st and 2nd pair of apendages. E, Lateral view of the whole body and two 1st appendages, showing the fusion of the dorsal elements of the prosoma into a single plate, and of those of the opisthosoma into an imperfectly segmented plate continuous with that of the prosoma." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Stylocellus Sumatranus

"Stylocellus sumatranus, one of the Opiliones; after Thorell. Enlarged. A, Dorsal view; I to VI, the…

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century B.C. His personal name was Siddhartha, and his family name Gautama; and he is often called also Sakya-muni. His father was the king of Kapilavastu, a few days' journey north of Benares. Siddhartha, filled with a deep compassion for the human race, left his father's court, and lived for years in solitude and contemplation till he had penetrated the mysteries of life and become the Buddha. He then began to teach his new faith, in opposition to the prevailing Brahmanism, commencing at Benares. Among his earliest converts where the monarchs of Magadha and Kosala, in whose kingdoms he chiefly passed the latter portion of his life, respected, honored, and protected." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Buddha

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century…

"A genus of dimiliarly known as cuttle-fishes. They have eight arms, each with two rows of suckers, which are sessile or unstalked. The prominent head is joined to the body by a distinct neck, and the body itself is short, generally more or less rounded in shape, and unprovided with side or lateral fins. They have attained a notoriety from tales circulated concerning their ferocity and the existence of gigantic members of the genus, though the largest cuttle-fishes that have been met with have belonged to other genera." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Octopus

"A genus of dimiliarly known as cuttle-fishes. They have eight arms, each with two rows of suckers,…

"Anatomy of the Oyster. A. Hinge or anterior umbonal end of the left valve of an adult oyster, upon which the soft parts of the animal are represented as they lie in situ, but with the greater part of the mantle of the right side removed. a u. The auricle of the right side of the heart contracted. B. Posterior or ventral end of the left valve, which in life is usually directed upward more or less, and during the act of feeding and respiration is separated slightly from the margin of its fellow of the opposite side to admit the water for respiration, and which also contains the animal's food in suspension. b m. Body-mass, traversed superficially by the generative ducts g e. b j. The organ of Bojanus, or 'renal' organ, of the right side of the oyster. (The ducts which it sends into the manle are not shown, nor is its connection with the genito-urinary sinus s indicated.)" &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Oyster

"Anatomy of the Oyster. A. Hinge or anterior umbonal end of the left valve of an adult oyster, upon…

"Why does a person carrying a weight upon his back stoop forward? In order to bring the center of gravity of his body and the load over his feet. If held in this position, he would fall backwards, as the direction of the center of gravity would fall beyond his heels." &mdash; Wells, 1857

Center of Gravity

"Why does a person carrying a weight upon his back stoop forward? In order to bring the center of gravity…

"Why does a person carrying a weight upon his back stoop forward? In order to bring the center of gravity of his body and the load over his feet, he assumes this position." &mdash; Wells, 1857

Center of Gravity

"Why does a person carrying a weight upon his back stoop forward? In order to bring the center of gravity…

"A griffin having the uppet part of the body of an eagle and the lower parts of a lion, with wings decorated with spirals, are among the more remarkable examples of perforated ornaments for attachment to the clothing." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Griffin Pendent

"A griffin having the uppet part of the body of an eagle and the lower parts of a lion, with wings decorated…

"The earring is an exquisite illustration of Greek skill in the introduction of the human figure; the rosette for concealing the hook beautifully wrought." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Earring

"The earring is an exquisite illustration of Greek skill in the introduction of the human figure; the…

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

"Take a piece of ivory, or any other substance that will sink in water, and weigh it accurately in the usual manner; then suspend it by a thread, or hair, in the empty cup a, and balance it. Now pour water into the cup, and it will be found that the suspended body will lose a part of its weight, so that a certain number of grains must be taken from the opposite scale, in order to make the scales balance as before the water was poured in. The number of grains taken from the opposite scale, show the weight of a quantity of water equal to the bulk of the body so suspended." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Water Weighing

"Take a piece of ivory, or any other substance that will sink in water, and weigh it accurately in the…

"Suppose a to be a long tube, with the piston b so nicely fitted to its inside, as to work air tight. If the lower end of the tube be dipped into water, and the piston drawn up by pulling at the handle c, the water will follow the piston so closely, as to be in contact with its surface, and apparently to be drawn up by the piston, as though the whole was one solid body. If the tube be thirty-five feet long, the water will continue to follow the piston, until it comes to the height of about thirty-three feet, where it will stop, and if the piston be drawn up still farther, the water will not follow it, but will remain stationary, the space from this height between the piston and the water, being left a void space or vacuum." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Barometer

"Suppose a to be a long tube, with the piston b so nicely fitted to its inside, as to work air tight.…

"If we suppose a spectator placed at G, in the Earth's center, he would see the moon E, among the stars at I, whereas without changing the position of the moon, if that body is seen from A, on the surface of the Earth, it would appear among the stars at K. Now I is the true and K the apparent place of the moon, the space between them, being the Moon's parallax." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Diurnal Parallax

"If we suppose a spectator placed at G, in the Earth's center, he would see the moon E, among the stars…

"A copper wire coiled, by winding it around a piece of wood. The turns of the wire should be close together for actual experiment, they being parted in the figure to show the place of the iron to be magnetized. The best method is, to place the coiled wire, which is called the electrical helix, in a glass tube, the two ends of the wire, of course, projecting. Then placing the body to be magnetized within the folds, send the galvanic influence through the whole by placing the poles of the battery in the cups." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Electrical Helix

"A copper wire coiled, by winding it around a piece of wood. The turns of the wire should be close together…

"Diagram illustrating the muscles (drawn in thick black lines) which pass before and behind the joints and by their balanced activity keep the joints rigid and the body erect." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Muscle Diagram

"Diagram illustrating the muscles (drawn in thick black lines) which pass before and behind the joints…

"Diagram of the left half of a vertical median section of the brain. H, H, convoluted inner surface of left cerebral hemisphere; Cc, corpus callosum; Th, optic thalamus; c.q., corpora quadrigemina; Cb, cerebellum; Sp.c, spinal cord; Mo, medulla oblongata; P, pons Varolii; oc, oculo-motor nerve; pt, pituitary body; op, optic nerve; Ro, fissure of Rolando; Po, parieto-occipital fissure; Fr, frontal lobe; Pa, parietal lobe; O, occipital lobe." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Brain

"Diagram of the left half of a vertical median section of the brain. H, H, convoluted inner surface…

"A parasite sometimes present in the human hair follicles." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Demodex Folliculorum

"A parasite sometimes present in the human hair follicles." —Davison, 1906

"Dissected fish. a, air bladder; b, urinary bladder; b, urinary bladder; br, brain; c, spinal cord; d and da, dorsal fins; dv, anal fin; e, body of the vertebra; g, gills receiving the blood from the ventral aorta leading out of the heart h; i, intestine; k, kidney; l, liver; m, spines of the vertebra; n, auricle of the heart; ov, ovary; ovd, oviduct; st, stomach; sp, spleen; u, ureter." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Dissected Fish

"Dissected fish. a, air bladder; b, urinary bladder; b, urinary bladder; br, brain; c, spinal cord;…

"Frog with the left side cut away and some of the organs pulled downward. a, aorta leading from the ventricle; b, bladder; c, spinal cord surrounded by the vertebral column of bone; d, small intestine; e, opening of the lungs into the pharynx; h, ventricle of the heart; k, kidney; l, lung; liv, liver; n, brain; ov, ovary; ovd, oviduct; p, pancreas; r, rectum; sp, spleen; st, stomach; t, tongue; si, small intestine; u, left auricle; ur, ureter; v, vena cava; vc, body of vertebra." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Dissected Frog

"Frog with the left side cut away and some of the organs pulled downward. a, aorta leading from the…

"The European lute is derived in form and name from the Arabic "el ud," "the wood," the consonant of the article "el" having been retained in the European languages for the initial of the name. The Arab instrument, with convex sound-body, pointing to the resonance board or membrane having been originally placed upon a gourd, was strung with silk and played with a plectrum of shell or quill. It was adopted by the Arabs from Persia." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Lute

"The European lute is derived in form and name from the Arabic "el ud," "the wood," the consonant of…

The human skull.

Skull

The human skull.

The human spinal column

Spinal Column

The human spinal column

Side view of the vertebra. 1: Body; 2: Processes; 3: Opening for spinal cord.

Vertebra

Side view of the vertebra. 1: Body; 2: Processes; 3: Opening for spinal cord.