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"The Kangaroo is an animal of Australia, first observed by a party of sailors on the coast of New South Wales. The great kangaroo has large hind legs, with a huge tail, short fore limbs, and is about the height of a man. It is a vegetable feeder, and is destructive to the crops of the settlers in the less inhabited parts of Australia; in the long-settled districts it is much rarer. Its ordinary method of progression is by a series of great leaps, 10 to 15 feet or more. Many species are known to exist."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Kangaroo

"The Kangaroo is an animal of Australia, first observed by a party of sailors on the coast of New South…

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla. Several very beautiful species are natives of the colder parts of North America."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lady's Slipper

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla.…

"The earliest account of lake dwellings is to be found in Herodotus, who describes a Thracian tribe living, in 520 B.C., in a small mountain lake of what is now Rumelia. The custom of constructing these habitations has come down to the present day. The fisherman of Lake Prasias, near Salonica, still inhabit wooden cottages built over the water, as the Thracian tribes did, and in the East Indies the practice of building lake settlements is very common. The lake dwellings proper of Switzerland came to light during the winter months of 1853-1854, when the water of the lakes fell much below its ordinary level. Dr. Keller, who first described these lake dwellings, says that the main platform was made of round timbers, rarely of split boards, covered with a bed of mud; the walls and sides were in great measure of interlaced branches, the interstices filled with moss, and daubed with clay. In his opinion, all the evidence goes to show they were rectangular in shape. It is probable that the huts were thatched, and the parts used as dormitories strewn with straw or hay."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lake Dwellings

"The earliest account of lake dwellings is to be found in Herodotus, who describes a Thracian tribe…

"Showing its distribution by its branches and ganglia to the larynx, pharynx, heart, lungs, and other parts." — Blaisedell, 1904

Trunk of the Pneumogastric Nerve

"Showing its distribution by its branches and ganglia to the larynx, pharynx, heart, lungs, and other…

"A Cast of the External Auditory Canal. The auditory canal is a passage in the solid potion of the temporal bone. It is lined by skin on which there are fine hairs, and a set of glands secreting earwax, which serves to moisten the parts, catch particles fo dust, and keep away small insects." — Blaisedell, 1904

External auditory canal

"A Cast of the External Auditory Canal. The auditory canal is a passage in the solid potion of the temporal…

"Mandrake is a perennial herb. From the rude resemblance of the bifurcated root to the human figure many superstitious notions have gathered round this plant."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Mandrake

"Mandrake is a perennial herb. From the rude resemblance of the bifurcated root to the human figure…

"The Marsh Mallow is a softly pubescent plant, with axillary cymes of large rosy leaves. <em>a,</em> flower, <em>b,</em> fruit."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Marsh Mallow

"The Marsh Mallow is a softly pubescent plant, with axillary cymes of large rosy leaves. a,…

"Mistletoe is a plant parasitic on the apple and other fruit trees, on the thorn, the oak, the poplar, the lime, the ash, etc. It sometimes kills the branch or even the tree on which it is a parasite. Found in the United States, also in Europe, and the N. of Asia. It was deemed sacred by the Druids, and still finds a large market in the United States and England when preparation is being made for Christmas festivities ad sports. Bird lime is made from the berries."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Mistletoe

"Mistletoe is a plant parasitic on the apple and other fruit trees, on the thorn, the oak, the poplar,…

"Nelumbium is the typical and only genus of the order Nelumbiace&aelig;. The species are remarkable for the beauty of their flowers. N. speciosum has magnificent flowers, magenta or white. It does not now grow in Egypt, but is found in India. The rhizome, stalks, and seeds are eaten by the Hindus. A fiber derived from the stalk is used as a wick for lamps in Hindu temples, the plant being considered sacred. The North American Indians eat the rhizomes of N. luteum."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Nelumbium

"Nelumbium is the typical and only genus of the order Nelumbiaceæ. The species are remarkable…

"The Nylghau is the largest of the few true antelopes found in India, where it is confined to the central parts. It frequents forests and low jungles, associating in small herds."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Nylghau

"The Nylghau is the largest of the few true antelopes found in India, where it is confined to the central…

"The Oleander is the common and sweet-scented oleander. They have lanceolate coriaceous leaves, with parallel veins and fine roseate flowers. The former is a native of India, now naturalized in many warm countries. Sweet-scented oleander is wild in Central India, Scinde, Afghanistan, and the outer Himalayas to 5,500 feet. Often cultivated in India, etc. All parts of the plants, especially the root, are poisonous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Oleander

"The Oleander is the common and sweet-scented oleander. They have lanceolate coriaceous leaves, with…

"The owl is a popular name for any nocturnal, raptorial bird, of which about 200 species are known. Their classification is in a very unsettled state. Willoughby's division into two sections&ndash; one having 'ears' or 'horns,' as the tufts of feathers on their heads were called, the other destitute of such appendages&ndash; was shown to be unnatural by Geoffroy St. Hilaire. The prevailing color of the plumage is brown, with a tinge of rusty-red, and it is exceedingly loose and soft, so that their flight (even in the larger species) is almost noiseless, enabling them to swoop upon their prey, which they hunt in the twilight. All owls cast up in the form of pellets the indigestible parts of the food swallowed. These castings may be seen under any owl-roost, and show plainly the great service these birds render to man in destroying rats and mice. They range over the whole globe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rock Owl

"The owl is a popular name for any nocturnal, raptorial bird, of which about 200 species are known.…

"The owl is a popular name for any nocturnal, raptorial bird, of which about 200 species are known. Their classification is in a very unsettled state. Willoughby's division into two sections&ndash; one having 'ears' or 'horns,' as the tufts of feathers on their heads were called, the other destitute of such appendages&ndash; was shown to be unnatural by Geoffroy St. Hilaire. The prevailing color of the plumage is brown, with a tinge of rusty-red, and it is exceedingly loose and soft, so that their flight (even in the larger species) is almost noiseless, enabling them to swoop upon their prey, which they hunt in the twilight. All owls cast up in the form of pellets the indigestible parts of the food swallowed. These castings may be seen under any owl-roost, and show plainly the great service these birds render to man in destroying rats and mice. They range over the whole globe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Great Snow Owl

"The owl is a popular name for any nocturnal, raptorial bird, of which about 200 species are known.…

"Parasitic Plants are those which are unable to nourish themselves and prey upon other plants or animals; becoming attached, they gain access to the tissues of their host and feed upon its juices. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Loranthus Europaes

"Parasitic Plants are those which are unable to nourish themselves and prey upon other plants or animals;…

"Parasitic Plants are those which are unable to nourish themselves and prey upon other plants or animals; becoming attached, they gain access to the tissues of their host and feed upon its juices. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Brugmansia Zipple

"Parasitic Plants are those which are unable to nourish themselves and prey upon other plants or animals;…

"Pasiflora is the passion-flower. Generally climbing herbs or shrubs. Fruit succulent, seeds many. Found chiefly in tropical America. The three stigmas seemed to the devout Roman Catholics of South America to represent nails; one transfixing each hand, and one the feet of the crucified Saviour; the five anthers, His five wounds; the rays of the corona, His crown of thorns, or the halo of glory around His head; the digitate leaves, the hands of those who scourged Him; the tendrils, the scourge itself; while, finally, the 10 parts of the perianth were the 10 apostles&ndash; that is, the 12 wanting Judas who betrayed, and Peter who denied, his Lord."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Passion Flower

"Pasiflora is the passion-flower. Generally climbing herbs or shrubs. Fruit succulent, seeds many. Found…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxerid&aelig; attach themselves to various plants, on the juice of which they feed, and which they often injure or destroy. P. vastatrix is the name given to an insect of this family, which, since 1865, has committed great devastation in the vineyards of France. Great numbers of this insect appear on the roots of the vine, where they produce galls, and their punctures are so numerous and incessant that the roots can no longer supply nutriment to the plant, which fades and dies. There is a form which lives on the leaves, also producing galls."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Phylloxera

"Pylloxera is a genus of insects allied to the Aphis and Coccus families. The Phylloxeridæ attach…

"Pineapple is a plant of the natural order Bromeliac&aelig;. The flowers rise from the center of the plant, and are in a large conical spike, surmounted by spiny leaves called the crown. The conical spike of flowers ultimately becomes enlarged and juicy, constituting the pineapple, considered one of the finest of fruits. More than 50 varieties have been produced. The plant grows in the S. portion of the United States and in Hawaii. In the islands they sometimes reach the weight of 17 pounds, though the average weight is six. Since 1883 there have been large exports of this fruit from the various islands."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pineapple

"Pineapple is a plant of the natural order Bromeliacæ. The flowers rise from the center of the…

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white; head umber-brown; tail pointed. It inhabits the N. of America and Europe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Pintail Duck

"The Pintail Duck has the upper parts and flanks ash, with narrow stripes of black; under parts white;…

"Poppy is a genus of plants, of which there are numerous species, mostly natives of Europe and Asia, some of them found in the very N. regions, but most of them in the warmer temperate parts. By far the most important species is that known as the opium poppy, also called the white poppy and the oil poppy. But the same species is important on account of the bland fixed oil of the seeds, and is much cultivated as an oil plant. Poppy oil is as sweet as olive oil, and is used for similar purposes. It is imported into the United States in considerable quantities from India. A variety with double flowers is cultivated in flower gardens, under the name of carnation poppy. <em>a,</em> whole plant"&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Opium Poppy

"Poppy is a genus of plants, of which there are numerous species, mostly natives of Europe and Asia,…

"The Prong-horn Antelope inhabits the W. parts of North America, from 53 degrees N. to the plains of Mexico and California. It is rather more than four feet in length, and stands three feet at the shoulder. Pale fawn above and on the limbs; breast, abdomen, and rump white. The horns are branched, and are shed annually."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Prong-horn Antelope

"The Prong-horn Antelope inhabits the W. parts of North America, from 53 degrees N. to the plains of…

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as Honduras. It is larger than the European quail, and is better eating. The California crested quail is another American species. THe quail, genus Coturnix, is widely distributed over the Eastern Hemisphere, visiting Europe in early summer and returning S. in the autumn, when immense numbers are caught and fattened for the market. Length about seven inches, general color reddish-brown, with buff streaks on the upper surface; throat rufous; head, dark brown above, striped with ocherous white, sides reddish-brown, lower parts pale buff, fading into white on belly. Color less bright in the hen bird, and the rufous tinge absent from the throat. They nest on the ground, laying from 9 to 15 pyriform, yellowish-white eggs, blotched with dark-brown. The males are polygamous and extremely pugnacious."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lophortyx Californicus Quail

"The Quail is a small game bird; the Virginia species is common in North America, and so far south as…

"A plough. Among the Greek and Romans the three most essential parts of the plough were-the plough tail, the share-beam, that is, the piece of wood to which the share is fixed, and the pole. In the time and country of Virgil it was the custom to force a tree into the crooked form of the buris, or plough-tail. The upper end of the buris being held by the ploughman, the lower part, below its junction with the pole, was used to hold the dentale or share-beam, which was either sheathed with metal, or driven bare into the ground, according to circumstances. The term vomer was sometimes applied to the end of the dentale. The image distinctly shows the pole (1), the coulter (2), the dentale (3), the buris (4), and the handle (5)." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Aratrum

"A plough. Among the Greek and Romans the three most essential parts of the plough were-the plough tail,…

"A plough. Among the Greek and Romans the three most essential parts of the plough were-the plough tail, the share-beam, that is, the piece of wood to which the share is fixed, and the pole. In the time and country of Virgil it was the custom to force a tree into the crooked form of the buris, or plough-tail. The upper end of the buris being held by the ploughman, the lower part, below its junction with the pole, was used to hold the dentale or share-beam, which was either sheathed with metal, or driven bare into the ground, according to circumstances. The term vomer was sometimes applied to the end of the dentale. The image distinctly shows the buris (1), the temo (2), the dentale (3), the culter (4), the vomer (5), and the aures (6)." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Aratrum

"A plough. Among the Greek and Romans the three most essential parts of the plough were-the plough tail,…

"The Quassia is a tree cultivated in the West Indies and the parts adjacent. It has terminal clusters of large, red flowers, and unequally pinnate leaves. It comes to this country in logs or billets, and is retained as chips or raspings. It is given as an extract, an infusion, or a tincture. An infusion of it is used to poison flies."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Quassia

"The Quassia is a tree cultivated in the West Indies and the parts adjacent. It has terminal clusters…

"Rice is a well known genus of grasses, having panicles of one-flowered spike-lets, with two very small pointed glumes, the florets compressed, the pale&aelig; strongly nerved, awned or awnless, six stamens, one germen, and two feather stigmas. The only important species is the common rice, one of the most useful and extensively cultivated of all grains, supplying the principal food of nearly one-third of the human race. It seems to be originally a native of the East Indies, but is now cultivated in all quarters of the globe. Rice requires a moist soil, sometimes flooded. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Water Rice

"Rice is a well known genus of grasses, having panicles of one-flowered spike-lets, with two very small…

"A Ring is any circle or section of a cylinder. Rings of gold, silver, and of other metals and materials have been worn in all times and countries, and while they have been used to decorate the ears, neck, nose, lips, arms, legs, and toes, finger rings have always occupied the most important and significant place among such ornaments. From the earliest period of civilized relationships the finger ring was a convenient means for carrying the signet of its wearer. Fig. 2 shows a form of betrothal ring called a gimmel, or linked ring, which was used in later times; the upper figure shows the three parts brought together, the lower figures the parts separately."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Ring

"A Ring is any circle or section of a cylinder. Rings of gold, silver, and of other metals and materials…

"A Ring is any circle or section of a cylinder. Rings of gold, silver, and of other metals and materials have been worn in all times and countries, and while they have been used to decorate the ears, neck, nose, lips, arms, legs, and toes, finger rings have always occupied the most important and significant place among such ornaments. From the earliest period of civilized relationships the finger ring was a convenient means for carrying the signet of its wearer. Fig. 2 shows a form of betrothal ring called a gimmel, or linked ring, which was used in later times; the upper figure shows the three parts brought together, the lower figures the parts separately."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Ring

"A Ring is any circle or section of a cylinder. Rings of gold, silver, and of other metals and materials…

"A Roe (Capreolus caprea) is a small species of deer inhabiting Europe and some parts of Western Asia. It was once plentiful in Wales and in the hilly parts of England, as well as in the S. of Scotland, but is now very rare."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Roebuck

"A Roe (Capreolus caprea) is a small species of deer inhabiting Europe and some parts of Western Asia.…

"The common rue is a half-shrubby plant, two or three feet high, of a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The bluish-green leaves are pinnate, the flowers yellow; a native of Southern Europe but grown in gardens in the United States, the East and West Indies, etc."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Rue

"The common rue is a half-shrubby plant, two or three feet high, of a fetid odor and an acrid taste.…

"Sage is a plant much used for flavoring meats, etc. It has blue flowers, and has run into many varieties. The Chinese use it as a tonic for debility of the stomach and nerves."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sage

"Sage is a plant much used for flavoring meats, etc. It has blue flowers, and has run into many varieties.…

"Sand Blast is one of the most wonderful uses of sand, by means of which glass, stone, metals, or any other hard substance may be cut or engraved. If a stream of sharp sand be let fall from a high box (as high as the ceiling of a room) through a tube on to a plate of glass held under it, the sand will cut away little grains of the glass till at length the whole surface will be cut or scratched and it will look like ground glass. If, instead of cutting the glass all over, it is wanted to engrave a pattern or figure on it, the workman has only to cover the parts of the glass which he does not want cut with a stencil plate made of leather, rubber, paper, wax, etc., for the sand will not cut any soft substance. Metals and stones may also be cut by means of the sand blast, which will not only scratch the surface, but will cut it away to any depth."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sand Blast Apparatus

"Sand Blast is one of the most wonderful uses of sand, by means of which glass, stone, metals, or any…

"Snipe is the name of a common family of birds. The common American snipe is about equal in size to the common snipe of Europe, and much resembles it also in plumage. The tail has 16 feathers. This species is abundant in summer in the N. parts of the United States and in Canada, and in the more S. States in winter. It is much in request for the table, and is often caught in snares. It is much esteemed as a delicious and well-flavored dish."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Snipe

"Snipe is the name of a common family of birds. The common American snipe is about equal in size to…

"Soapwort (Saponaria), a genus of plants of the natural order Caryophyllace&aelig;; so called because the bruised leaves produce a lather like soap when agitated in the water. Common soapwort grows by the roadside in the United States from New England to Georgia. It is a native of many parts of Europe, and is found on way sides, river banks, and thickets; in Great Britain it is found in alluvial meadows and under hedges. It has handsome pink-like flowers."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Soapwort

"Soapwort (Saponaria), a genus of plants of the natural order Caryophyllaceæ; so called because…

"A pillar or column. The use of the trunks of trees placed upright for supporting buildings, unquestionably led to the adoption of similar supports wrought in stone. As the tree required to be based upon a flat square stone, and to have a stone or tile of similar form fixed on its summit to preserve it from decay, so the column was made with a square base, and was covered with an abacus. Hence the principal parts of which every column consists are three, the base, the shaft, and the capital. In the Doric, which is the oldest style of Greek architecture, we must consider all the columns in the same row as having one common base, whereas in the Ionian and Corinthian each column has a seperate base, called spira. The capitals of these two latter orders show, on comparison with the Doric, a much richer style of ornament; and the character of lightness and elegence is further obtained in them by their more slender shaft, its height being much greater in proportion to its thickness. Of all these circumstances some idea may be formed by the inspection of the three accompanying specimens of pillars. The first on the left hand is Doric, the second Ionic, and the third Corinthian." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Columna

"A pillar or column. The use of the trunks of trees placed upright for supporting buildings, unquestionably…

"A chariot, a car. These terms appear to have denoted those two wheeled vehicles for the carriage of persons, which were open overhead, thus differing from the corpentum, and closed in front, in which the differed from the cisium. The most essential articles in the construction of the currus were, 1. The rim. 2. The axle. 3. The wheels, which revolved upon the axle and were prevented from coming off by the insertion of pins into the extremities of the axles. The parts of the wheel were: a. The nave. b. The spokes. c. The felly. d. The tire. 4. The pole." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Currus

"A chariot, a car. These terms appear to have denoted those two wheeled vehicles for the carriage of…

"A chariot, a car. These terms appear to have denoted those two wheeled vehicles for the carriage of persons, which were open overhead, thus differing from the corpentum, and closed in front, in which the differed from the cisium. The most essential articles in the construction of the currus were, 1. The rim. 2. The axle. 3. The wheels, which revolved upon the axle and were prevented from coming off by the insertion of pins into the extremities of the axles. The parts of the wheel were: a. The nave. b. The spokes. c. The felly. d. The tire. 4. The pole." &mdash; Smith, 1873. This picture shows a Quadrigae.

Currus

"A chariot, a car. These terms appear to have denoted those two wheeled vehicles for the carriage of…

Bean plant

Bean Plant

Bean plant

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Foot-race

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Wrestling

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Hurling the javelin

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Boxing

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"Tansy is a genus of Composit&aelig;, numbering about 50 species of strong-scented herbs, often shrubby below, with alternate usually much-divided leaves, and solitary or corymbose heads of rayless yellow flowers. The genus is represented in North America, Europe, North and South Africa, temperate and cold Asia. Common tansy has long had a reputation as a medicinal herb, causing it to be much grown in gardens in the past."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tansy

"Tansy is a genus of Compositæ, numbering about 50 species of strong-scented herbs, often shrubby…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Plant

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes the China…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternst&oelig;miace&aelig;. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Flower

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternst&oelig;miace&aelig;. It includes the China plant, and the indigenous Assam plant. At one time it was supposed that two Chinese species were grown of which one furnished the black tea and the other the green tea of commerce, but further research has shown that these species cannot be maintained. Whether the tea shrub is indigenous in China and Japan is a doubtful question. The fact has been historically established that the culture of tea existed in China in the 4th century, and in Japan in the 9th century, and from these countries it was exclusively obtained for any other part of the globe till the time of the present generation. The discovery of the indigenous plant in the forest country of Upper Assam was made in 1834, and since 1840 its cultivation there has taken very firm root."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tea Fruit

"Tea is the dried leaf of an evergreen shrub of the natural order Ternstœmiaceæ. It includes…

"The most common material on which books were written by the Greeks and Romans, was the thin coats or rind of the Egyptian papyrus. This plant was called by the Egyptians Byblos. The papyrus tree grows in swamps to the height of ten feet and more, and paper was prepared from the thin coats or pellicles which surround the plant. The form and general appearance of the papyri rolls will be understood from the following woodcut taken from the paintings found at Pompeii." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Liber

"The most common material on which books were written by the Greeks and Romans, was the thin coats or…

"A balance, a pair of scales. The principal parts of this instrument were: 1. The beam. 2. The two scales, called in Latin lances. The beam was made without a tongue, being held by a ring or other appendage, fixed in the centre. The annexed woodcut represents Mercury and Apollo engaged in exploring the fates of Achilles and Memnon, by weighing the attendent genius of the one against that of the other." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Libra

"A balance, a pair of scales. The principal parts of this instrument were: 1. The beam. 2. The two scales,…

"A hammer, a mallet. In the hands of the farmer the mallet of wood served to break down the clods and to pulverize them. The butcher used it in slaying cattle, by striking the head, and we often read of it as used by the smith upon the anvil. When several men were employed at te same anvil it was a matter of necessity that they should strike in time, and Virgil, accordingly says of the Cyclopes, "inter se brachia tollunt in numerum." The scene which he describes is represented in the annexed woodcut, taken from an ancient bas-relief, in which Vulcan, Brontes, and Steropes, are seen forging the metal, while the third Cyclops, Pyracmon, blows the bellows. Beside the anvil is seen the vessel of water in which the hot iron or bronze was immersed. But besides the employment of the hammer upon the anvil for making all ordinary utensils, the smith wrought with this instrument figures which were either small and fine, some of their parts being beaten as thin as paper, and being in very high relief, as in the bronzes of Siris, or of colossal proportions, being composed of seperate plates riveted together." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Malleus

"A hammer, a mallet. In the hands of the farmer the mallet of wood served to break down the clods and…

A genus of plants of natural order Scropulariace&aelig;. having a tubular calyx, the upper lip of the corolla divided, the lower of three nearly equal lobes, the cells of the athers spurred at the base, a two-celled capsule and striated seeds.

Eyebright

A genus of plants of natural order Scropulariaceæ. having a tubular calyx, the upper lip of the…

A species of deer well known in Britain, being very commonly kepts in parks, as it is also in most parts of Europe.

Fallow Deer

A species of deer well known in Britain, being very commonly kepts in parks, as it is also in most parts…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Cestius

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Aelius

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Ariminum

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited extent, it is probable that the Greek bridges were built entirely of wood, or, at best, were nothing more than a wooden platform supported upon stone piers at each extremity. Pliny mentions a bridge over the Acheron 1000 feet in length; and also says that the island Euboea was joined to Boeotia by a bridge; but it is probably that both these works were executed after the Roman conquest. The Romans were the first people who applied the arch to the construction of bridges, by which they were enabled to erect structures of great beauty and solidity, as well as utility. The width of the passage-way in a roman bridge was commonly narrow, as compared with modern structures of the same kind, and corresponded with the road leading to and from it. It was divided into three parts. the centre one, for horses and carriages, was denominated agger or iter; and the raised foot paths on each side decursoria, which were enclosed by parapet walls similar in use and appearance to the pluteus in the basilica." — Smith, 1873

Pons Trajan

"A bridge. As the rivers of Greece were small, and the use of the arch known to them only to a limited…

A tobacco plant from the Native Americans

Tobacco

A tobacco plant from the Native Americans

It grows wild around the shores of the Mediterranean and many parts of the East, producing a puffy pod, containing one or generally two nested seeds with two swellings on one side. It is much used in olios Spain, is an important article in French cookery and has been cultivated from a very early period in the warmer regions of the old world.

Chick Pea

It grows wild around the shores of the Mediterranean and many parts of the East, producing a puffy pod,…

A composite plant common in waste places, found throughout Europe and Asia as far as India, and naturalized in the United States.

Chicory

A composite plant common in waste places, found throughout Europe and Asia as far as India, and naturalized…