(1512-1577) Spanish conquistador and Governor of Chile.

Melchor Bravo de Saravia Sotomayor

(1512-1577) Spanish conquistador and Governor of Chile.

(1509-1579) Conquistador in Columbia and Spanish explorer.

Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada

(1509-1579) Conquistador in Columbia and Spanish explorer.

Indians in their beds during the time of Magellan's discovery.

Indian Beds

Indians in their beds during the time of Magellan's discovery.

Chief Quoniambec was ruler of Brazil during the 16th century.

Chief Quoniambec

Chief Quoniambec was ruler of Brazil during the 16th century.

A large camelid that originates from North and South America.

Llamas

A large camelid that originates from North and South America.

Lake Titicaca in South America.

Lake Titicaca

Lake Titicaca in South America.

Section of bluff two miles south of Trenton, New Jersey.

Trenton Bluff

Section of bluff two miles south of Trenton, New Jersey.

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which has now been introduced into many tropical and subtropical countries. It grows to the height of 15-30 feet, with leaves only at the top." — Chambers, 1881

Papaw Tree

"A South American tree of the natural order Papayaceae of which order about 30 species are known which…

The seal representing Bolton or Bolton le Moors, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England.

Bolton

The seal representing Bolton or Bolton le Moors, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England.

The seal of Bridgenorth, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of England, in the county of Shropshire, on both sides of the Severn.

Bridgenorth

The seal of Bridgenorth, a parliamentary and municipal borough and market town of England, in the county…

Crumlin Viaduct, South Wales.

Crumlin Viaduct

Crumlin Viaduct, South Wales.

A seal representing the city of Bridgewater.

Bridgewater

A seal representing the city of Bridgewater.

A seal representing the city of Bridport, England.

Bridport

A seal representing the city of Bridport, England.

A seal representing the city of Brighton, England.

Brighton

A seal representing the city of Brighton, England.

A seal representing the city of Bristol, England.

Bristol

A seal representing the city of Bristol, England.

"The family Morphidae contains the largest and most splendid of the South American butterflies. Their wings, often 7 inches in expanse, are generally of a brilliant metallic blue, which, as the insect flies, flashes in the sunlight so as to be visible, it is said, a quarter of a mile off." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Morphidae

"The family Morphidae contains the largest and most splendid of the South American butterflies. Their…

The seal for the city of Chester, England.

City Arms

The seal for the city of Chester, England.

A coat of arms representing the city of Chester, England.

Bishopic

A coat of arms representing the city of Chester, England.

The seal for the city of Chichester, England.

Arms of Chichester

The seal for the city of Chichester, England.

A seal representing the town of Colchester, England.

Colchester

A seal representing the town of Colchester, England.

"A market-town and municipal borough of England, in the county of Cheshire, near the border of Staffordshire, 26 miles south of Manchester by rail. it is finely situated in a deep valley, on the banks of the dane, a tributary of the Weaver." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Congleton

"A market-town and municipal borough of England, in the county of Cheshire, near the border of Staffordshire,…

"Henry I enriched the plain circlet with gems, and on his great seal the trefoils of his fathers crown assume a form resembling that of fleurs-de-lys." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Henry I enriched the plain circlet with gems, and on his great seal the trefoils of his fathers crown…

"Upon his seal as earl of Chester, the same sovereign has the circlet of his open crown heightened with fleurs-de-lys only, alternating with small clusters of pearls." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Upon his seal as earl of Chester, the same sovereign has the circlet of his open crown heightened with…

"A crown which appears on the great seal of Henry VIII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"A crown which appears on the great seal of Henry VIII." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance to King's College Chapel, Cambridge, the royal motto is inscribed upon the circlet." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"Drawn from the royal achievement of Henry VII, sculptured with great spirit above the south entrance…

"The form of the arches shown appear for the first time upon the great seal of Edward VI." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Crown

"The form of the arches shown appear for the first time upon the great seal of Edward VI." — Encyclopedia…

A seal representing the city of Derby, England.

Derby

A seal representing the city of Derby, England.

"A royal and parliamentary burgh and seaport, situated on the east coast of Scotland, in the county of Forfar, on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, twelve miles from the confluence of that estuary with the German Ocean. It is the third town in Scotland as regards to population, and the second in commercial importance." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dundee

"A royal and parliamentary burgh and seaport, situated on the east coast of Scotland, in the county…

The seal for the civil corporation of Durham and Framwellgate.

Corporation Seal

The seal for the civil corporation of Durham and Framwellgate.

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and a mausoleum. It is situated on the south-eastern versant of the Sierra de Guadarrama, on the borders of New Castile, about 27 miles N.W. of Madrid and Avila." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Escorial

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and…

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and a mausoleum. It is situated on the south-eastern versant of the Sierra de Guadarrama, on the borders of New Castile, about 27 miles N.W. of Madrid and Avila." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Escorial

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and…

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and a mausoleum. It is situated on the south-eastern versant of the Sierra de Guadarrama, on the borders of New Castile, about 27 miles N.W. of Madrid and Avila." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Escorial

"One of the most remarkable buildings in Europe, comprising at once a convent, a church, a palace, and…

"Corporation Seal." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Corporation Seal

"Corporation Seal." &mdash Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"A species of antelope, abounding on the dry yet fertile plains of South Africa, where it feeds on the bulbs of water-root and other kinds of succulent vegetation, by means of which the antelopes of those regions are able to subsist without water for months together. It is a large and powerful animal, measuring abot 5 feet in length and over 3 feet in height at the shoulders. Its horns, situated on the same plane with its forehead, exceed 2 feet in length, are almost straight, and are obscurely ringed throughout their lower half." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gemsbok

"A species of antelope, abounding on the dry yet fertile plains of South Africa, where it feeds on the…

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species, all of which are found exclusively in Africa, with the exception of the common genet, which occurs also throughout the south of Europe and in Palestine, where Tristram notes it as occurring on Mount Carmel. The fur of this species is of a dark grey color, thickly spotted with black, and having a dark streak along the back, while the tail, which is nearly as long as the body, is prettily ringed with black and white." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Genet

"A genus of carnivorous mammals belonging to the Viverridae or family of civets. It contains six species,…

A tropical plant on South America.

Quassia Amara

A tropical plant on South America.

A South American rodent.

Chincha

A South American rodent.

A tropical palm native to Africa, Central and South America.

Raphia Palm

A tropical palm native to Africa, Central and South America.

A South American shrubs whose root is used for medicine.

Rhatany

A South American shrubs whose root is used for medicine.

A large non—flying bird of South America.

South American Ostrich

A large non—flying bird of South America.

"The name given by the Greeks and Romans to the plants sometimes called Brancursine, of which it is also the botanical generic name. A. mollis and A. spinosa, natives of the south of Europe, are the species best known. The twining habit of the plants, their large white flowers, and, above all, the beautiful form of their dark and shining leaves, have led to their artistical application, especially in the capitals of Corinthian columns." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Acanthus

"The name given by the Greeks and Romans to the plants sometimes called Brancursine, of which it is…

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Thistle

"Star of the order of the Thistle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted by Victoria Fornare at Genoa in 1682, after the rule of St. Augustine. All the convents of the order in France, Germany, and the Netherlands have disappeared since the French Revolution. Some still exist in Italy." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Order of the Annunciation

"The religious Order of the Heavenly Annunciation, or of the Nuns of the Annunciation of Mary, was instituted…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous, consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, orten climbing shrubs, and contains upwards of 130 known species, chiefly natives of warm climates, and particularly abundant in the tropical regions of South America." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aristolochia

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous,…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous, consists of herbaceous plants or shrubs, orten climbing shrubs, and contains upwards of 130 known species, chiefly natives of warm climates, and particularly abundant in the tropical regions of South America." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aristolochia

"A genus of plants of the natural order Aristolochiaceae. This order, which is dicotyledonous or exogenous,…

"An erect, branching perennial, herbaceous plant of the natural order Labiatae, a native of the south of Europe, naturalised in a few places in England." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Balm

"An erect, branching perennial, herbaceous plant of the natural order Labiatae, a native of the south…

"A fish of the family Cyprinidae, of the same genus with the roach, dace, bleak and minnow. The color is bluish-black on the upper parts, passing in to silvey white on the belly; the cheeks and gill-covers rich golden yellow. The chub rarely attains a weight exceeding 5 lbs. It is plentiful in many of the rivers of England, and occurs in some of those of the south-west of Scotland." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Chub

"A fish of the family Cyprinidae, of the same genus with the roach, dace, bleak and minnow. The color…

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to Cruciferae and Capparideae, and containing about 200 known species of shrubs and herbaceous plants, chiefly natives of the south of Europe and north of Africa." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Rock-Rose

"A genus of exogenous plants, which gives its name to the natural order Cistaceae; an order allied to…

"A tree cultivated in the south of Europe, and other warm, temperate, or sub-tropical countries for its fruit; a native of the forests of the north of India. By many botanists, it is regarded as a more variety (or perhaps the original type) of the species which produces also the lemon, sweet lemon, lime, and sweet lime; by others, these, or some of them, are regarded as distinct species." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Citron

"A tree cultivated in the south of Europe, and other warm, temperate, or sub-tropical countries for…

"A genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common Date Palm, the Palm Tree of Scripture, a native of the northern half of Aftica, the south-west of Asia, and some parts of India, and which has also been brought into cultivation in the south of Europe, and might certainly be intruduced with advantage into the south of the United States, and many warm parts of America and Australia." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Date Palm

"A genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common Date Palm, the Palm Tree of Scripture,…

"A very curious and interesting genus of plants of the natural order Droseraceae, having a 5-partite calyx, 5 petals, 10-20 stamens, and one style, with 5 closely united stigmata. Only one species is known, Dionaea muscipula, sometimes called Venus's Fly-trap and the Carolina Catchfly Plant." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Dionaea

"A very curious and interesting genus of plants of the natural order Droseraceae, having a 5-partite…

A small and stocky wading bird. Usually mottled brown on the top and grey on the bottom.

South American Painted Snipe

A small and stocky wading bird. Usually mottled brown on the top and grey on the bottom.

A seal which has many bands of white around black.

Ribbon Seal

A seal which has many bands of white around black.

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Black Eagle

"Star of the Order of the Black Eagle." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"Plan of Amiens Cathedral. A, Apsidal aisle. B B, Outer aisles of choir. F G, Transepts. H, Central tower. I J, Western turrets. M, Principal or western doorway. N N, Western side doors. P Q, North and south aisles of choir. R R R, Chapels. T U, North and south aisles of nave." — Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Amiens Cathedral

"Plan of Amiens Cathedral. A, Apsidal aisle. B B, Outer aisles of choir. F G, Transepts. H, Central…

"Plan of Wells Cathedral. A, Apse or apsis. B, Altar, altar-platform, and altar-steps. D E, Eastern or lesser transept. F G, Western or greater transept. H, Central towers. I J, Western towers. K, North porch. L, Library or register. M, Principal or western doorway. N N, Western side doors. O, Cloister yard or garth. P Q, North and south aisles of choir. R S, East and west aisles of transept. T U, North and south aisles of nave. R R, Chapels. V, Rood screen or organ loft. W, Altar of Lazy chapel." — Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Wells Cathedral

"Plan of Wells Cathedral. A, Apse or apsis. B, Altar, altar-platform, and altar-steps. D E, Eastern…

"Leaf of a diptych, Roman, probably about 4th century, South Kensington Museum collection." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ivory Carving

"Leaf of a diptych, Roman, probably about 4th century, South Kensington Museum collection." —…

"Mirror case illustrating storming of the Castle of Love, French, about 14th century, South Kensington museum." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ivory Carving

"Mirror case illustrating storming of the Castle of Love, French, about 14th century, South Kensington…

"Botanically Jasminum, a genus of shrubs or climbers constituting the principal part of the natural order Jasminaceae, and comprising about sixty species, of which forty or more occur in the gardens of Britain. The plants of the genus are mostly natives of the warmer regions of the Old World, but there are one or two South American species. The leaves are pinnate or ternate, articulted to the petiole. The flowers, usually white or yellow, are arranged in terminal or axillary panicles, and have a tubular 5 or 8-cleft calyx, and a cylindrical corolla-tube, with a spreading limb, two included stamens, and a two-celled ovary." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Jasmine

"Botanically Jasminum, a genus of shrubs or climbers constituting the principal part of the natural…

"The plant known in America as the "Carolina jasmine" is not a true jasmine. other hardy species commonly cuultivated in gardens are the low or Italian yellow-flowered jasmine, J. humile, an erect shrub 3 or 4 feet high, with angular branches, alternate and most ternate leaves, blossoming from June to September; the common yellow jasmine, J. fruticans, a hardy deciduous shrub, 10 to 12 feet high, with weak, slender stems requiring support, and bearing yellow, odorless flowers from spring to autumn; and J. nudiflorum, with flowers before the leaves appear." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gelsemium

"The plant known in America as the "Carolina jasmine" is not a true jasmine. other hardy species commonly…