"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system." -Whitney, 1911

Reverse Side of Silver Franc of Henry III

"A French silver coin and money of account which since 1795 has formed the unit of French monetary system."…

"A battle-ax used by the Franks, of which the typical form is a head long in proportion to its width, and expanding toward a convex curved edge, the general direction of which forms a considerable angle with the handle." -Whitney, 1911

Francisca, Throwing Axe

"A battle-ax used by the Franks, of which the typical form is a head long in proportion to its width,…

"In heraldry, a charge consisting of two bendlets placed in saltier and interplaced with a mascle." -Whitney, 1911

Saltire Fretted

"In heraldry, a charge consisting of two bendlets placed in saltier and interplaced with a mascle."…

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two cones, one of which is fitted into the other and communicates its motion to it by means of the friction between the two surfaces." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Cones

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two…

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and great, as in dredging-machinery, etc. In the form illustrated a strong pulley, B, is keyed on the driving-shaft, and on the circumference of this wheel, A, is fitted, with a series of friction-plates, a, a, a, interposed, and retained in recesses formed in the eye of the wheel." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Wheel

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and…

The Frill-Necked Lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) is a lizard in the Agamidae family. "C. kingi has a crenate membrane-like ruff about its neck, which it elevates when irritated or frightened. It is said sometimes to walk on its hind legs alone, a very unusual mode of progression among existing reptiles." -Whitney, 1911

Frill-Necked Lizard

The Frill-Necked Lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) is a lizard in the Agamidae family. "C. kingi has a…

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths of thread." -Whitney, 1911

Assyrian Fringe

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths…

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths of thread." -Whitney, 1911

Assyrian Fringe

"Assyrian Fringes, from ancient bas-reliefs. Fringe: an ornamental bordering formed of short lengths…

"A cleaving tool having a wedge-shaped blade, with a handle set at right angles to the length of the blade, used in splitting staves for casks and the like. It is driven by a mallet." -Whitney, 1911

Frow

"A cleaving tool having a wedge-shaped blade, with a handle set at right angles to the length of the…

"The part of any solid between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other: as, the frustum of a cone ... In the figure the dotted line, c, indicates the part of the cone cut off to form the frustum, f." -Whitney, 1911

Frustum of a Cone

"The part of any solid between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other: as,…

Known as rockweed or bladder wrack, this species of seaweed is in the Fucaceae family of brown algae. "Fructifying Tip of a Frond of Rockweed (Fucus vesiculosus). a, a, air-bladders; b, b, conceptacles." -Whitney, 1911

Fructifying Tip of a Frond of Rockweed

Known as rockweed or bladder wrack, this species of seaweed is in the Fucaceae family of brown algae.…

"Heterocercal Caudal Fin of a Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostris), showing the series of fulcrums, Fl, along the dorsal border." -Whitney, 1911

Shortnose Sturgeon Tail

"Heterocercal Caudal Fin of a Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostris), showing the series of fulcrums, Fl,…

"In mechanics, the point of rest about which a lever turns in lifting a body; also, a prop or support for a lever at this point. F, Fulcrum; L, lever." -Whitney, 1911

Man with Lever and Fulcrum

"In mechanics, the point of rest about which a lever turns in lifting a body; also, a prop or support…

"The Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) is a bird in the Procellariidae family of seabirds." -Whitney, 1911

Northern Fulmar

"The Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) is a bird in the Procellariidae family of seabirds." -Whitney,…

"Common Mushroom (Agaricus campestris). A, annulus; C, cortina; H, hymenium; M, mycelium; P, pileus; S, stipe; V, volva." -Whitney, 1911

Meadow Mushroom

"Common Mushroom (Agaricus campestris). A, annulus; C, cortina; H, hymenium; M, mycelium; P, pileus;…

"Funicle. In botany, The stalk of an ovule or seed. Pod of Lunaria. a, a, a, funicles." -Whitney, 1911

Funicle of Lunaria Pod

"Funicle. In botany, The stalk of an ovule or seed. Pod of Lunaria. a, a, a, funicles." -Whitney, 1911

"In botany, applied to a monopetalous corolla shaped like a funnel, in which the tube enlarges gradually from below, it expands widely at the summit; infundibuliform." -Whitney, 1911

Funnelform Corolla

"In botany, applied to a monopetalous corolla shaped like a funnel, in which the tube enlarges gradually…

"A, Furcula or Merry-thought of a Domestic Fowl. ... h, hypoclidium." -Whitney, 1911

Furcula

"A, Furcula or Merry-thought of a Domestic Fowl. ... h, hypoclidium." -Whitney, 1911

"Fusil, In heraldry, a bearing differing from the lozenge in being longer in proportion to its breadth, and named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle." -Whitney, 1911

Fusil Azure

"Fusil, In heraldry, a bearing differing from the lozenge in being longer in proportion to its breadth,…

"The Scab-fungus (Venturia inaequalis). a, an infested apple, showing scabs caused by the fungus; b, portion of an infested leaf, showing the fungus in black patches; c, section of a diseased spot in the fruit, showing the spores of the fungus in position." -Whitney, 1911

Scab Fungus

"The Scab-fungus (Venturia inaequalis). a, an infested apple, showing scabs caused by the fungus; b,…

"Spindle-shell (Fusus colus). Fusus: a genus of gastropodus mollusks having a fusiform shell with a canaliculated base, an elongated spire, a smooth columella, and the lip not slit." -Whitney, 1911

Spindle Shell

"Spindle-shell (Fusus colus). Fusus: a genus of gastropodus mollusks having a fusiform shell with a…

"Iron rods leading from the futtock-plates to an iron band round the topmast or lower mast." -Whitney, 1911

Futtock Shrouds

"Iron rods leading from the futtock-plates to an iron band round the topmast or lower mast." -Whitney,…

"Gable of the South Transept Door of Notre Dame, Paris; 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

Gable at Notre Dame de Paris

"Gable of the South Transept Door of Notre Dame, Paris; 13th century." -Whitney, 1911

"Part of Trench, with A, Fascines, and B, Gabions: in fortification, a large basket of wickerwork constructed with stakes and osiers, or green twigs, in a cylindrical form, but without a bottom." -Whitney, 1911

Trench with Fascines and Gabions

"Part of Trench, with A, Fascines, and B, Gabions: in fortification, a large basket of wickerwork constructed…

"Gable Tower, Dormans, France. A tower finished with gables on two sides or on all four sides, instead of terminating in a spire, a parapet, or otherwise." -Whitney, 1911

Gable Tower in France

"Gable Tower, Dormans, France. A tower finished with gables on two sides or on all four sides, instead…

"Gaff. B, boom; CC, cheeks; G, gaff; M, mast; P, peak; T, throat or jaw. Nautical, a spar used to extend the upper edge of fore-and-aft sails which are not set on stays, as the mainsail of a sloop or spanker of a ship." -Whitney, 1911

Gaff Rig

"Gaff. B, boom; CC, cheeks; G, gaff; M, mast; P, peak; T, throat or jaw. Nautical, a spar used to extend…

"Stepped gage, a form of male or plug gage in which a series of external gages are combined, each projecting like a step beyond that next in front of it." -Whitney, 1911

Stepped Gauge

"Stepped gage, a form of male or plug gage in which a series of external gages are combined, each projecting…

"Wire-gage, a gage for measuring the thickness of wire and sheet-metal. It is usually a plate of steel having round the edge a series of notches of standard opening." -Whitney, 1911

Wire Gauge

"Wire-gage, a gage for measuring the thickness of wire and sheet-metal. It is usually a plate of steel…

"Bisecting gage, a gage formed by a bar carrying two heads or cheeks connected by two arms of equal length, forming a toggle-joint, at which a pencil or scribe-awl is placed. The pencil or awl is thus at equal distances from the cheeks at whatever gage they may be set." -Whitney, 1911

Bisecting Gauge

"Bisecting gage, a gage formed by a bar carrying two heads or cheeks connected by two arms of equal…

"Gaine. Renaissance sculpture. Maison de Pierre, Toulouse, France. In sculpture, the lower part of a figure of which the head, with sometimes the bust, is alone carved to represent nature, the remaining portion presenting, as it were, the appearance of a sheath closely enveloping the body, and consequently broader at the shoulders than at the feet." -Whitney, 1911

Gaine of Renaissance Sculpture

"Gaine. Renaissance sculpture. Maison de Pierre, Toulouse, France. In sculpture, the lower part of a…

"Galactometer. A species of hydrometer for determining the richness of milk by its specific gravity." -Whitney, 1911

Lactometer

"Galactometer. A species of hydrometer for determining the richness of milk by its specific gravity."…

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2, palpifer; 3, lacinia; 4, subgalea; 5, maxillary palp; 6, stipes." -Whitney, 1911

Ventral View of Dung Beetle

"Under Surface of Head of Tumble-bug (Copris carolina), about four times natural size. 1, galea; 2,…

"Gall, or Oak-apple, produced by Cynips quercus-inanis, showing the internal cobwebby structure. Gall: a vegetable excrescence produced by the deposit of the egg of an insect in the bark or leaves of a plant, ordinarily to to the action of some virus deposited by the female along with the egg, but often to the irritation of the larva." -Whitney, 1911

Oak Apple Gall

"Gall, or Oak-apple, produced by Cynips quercus-inanis, showing the internal cobwebby structure. Gall:…

"Galleries of the west front of the Cathedral of Amiens, 13th century, illustrating treatment of galleries as a decorative feature." -Whitney, 1911

Galleries of Cathedral of Amiens

"Galleries of the west front of the Cathedral of Amiens, 13th century, illustrating treatment of galleries…

"In printing, an oblong shallow tray of brass or wood, rarely of zinc, on which the compositor deposits his type." -Whitney, 1911

Printers' Galley

"In printing, an oblong shallow tray of brass or wood, rarely of zinc, on which the compositor deposits…

"Gall-gnat (female), a species of Cecidomyia natural size." -Whitney, 1911

Gall Gnat

"Gall-gnat (female), a species of Cecidomyia natural size." -Whitney, 1911

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). A, side view: sa, surangular bone of mandible; ar, articular of mandible; d, dentary; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrymal; me, mesethmoid; mx, maxillary; p, parietal; pf, postfrontal process; pt, pterygoid; px, premaxillary; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; v, vomer." -Whitney, 1911

Skull of Common Fowl

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). A, side view: sa, surangular bone of mandible; ar, articular…

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). B, vertical longitudinal section: sa, surangular bone of mandible; ar, articular of mandible; d, dentary; f, frontal; me, mesethmoid; p, parietal; pf, postfrontal process; px, premaxillary; sq, squamosal; v, vomer; as, alisphenoid; bo, basioccipital; so, supraoccipital; os, orbitosphenoid; p', prootic; pf, pituitary fossa; sp, splenial bone." -Whitney, 1911

Skull of Common Fowl

"Typical Skull of Common Fowl (Galliformes). B, vertical longitudinal section: sa, surangular bone of…

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Roots of vine, showing swellings." -Whitney, 1911

Grape Gall Louse Damage

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Roots of vine, showing…

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Larva as it appears when hibernating." -Whitney, 1911

Grape Gall Louse Larva

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Larva as it appears…

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse." -Whitney, 1911

Grape Gall Louse

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse."…

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse." -Whitney, 1911

Grape Gall Louse

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse."…

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse." -Whitney, 1911

Grape Gall Louse

"Grape Gall-louse (Phylloxera vastatrix), the small figures showing natural sizes. Form of mature louse."…

"Nautical, on men-of-war, a pair of strong frames of oak made in the form of a gallows, fixed between the fore and main hatchways, with concave cross-beams called gallows-tops tenoned on to the uprights, to support spare topmasts, yards, booms, boats, etc." -Whitney, 1911

Gallows-Bitts

"Nautical, on men-of-war, a pair of strong frames of oak made in the form of a gallows, fixed between…

"Astatic galvanometer, an instrument which consists of a pair of similar needles magnetized, with their poles turned opposite ways, and stiffly connected at their centers, so that both will swing together." -Whitney, 1911

Astatic Galvanometer

"Astatic galvanometer, an instrument which consists of a pair of similar needles magnetized, with their…

"In railway engineering, the running together of parallel tracks into the space occupied by one, by crossing the two inner rails so as to bring each side by side with the opposite outer rail." -Whitney, 1911

Gauntlet Track

"In railway engineering, the running together of parallel tracks into the space occupied by one, by…

"G, G, garboard strakes; F, frame, K, keel. Nautical, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Also called ground-strake." -Whitney, 1911

Garboard Strake

"G, G, garboard strakes; F, frame, K, keel. Nautical, the first range or strake of planks laid on a…

Cross hatched damaskeening used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended to enliven the various tinctures without interfering with the effect of the colours or altering the coat." -Whitney, 1911

Cross Hatched Damaskeening

Cross hatched damaskeening used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended…

Tiled damaskeening with floral ornaments used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended to enliven the various tinctures without interfering with the effect of the colours or altering the coat." -Whitney, 1911

Damaskeening

Tiled damaskeening with floral ornaments used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute…

Damaskeening with a floral bend sinister used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended to enliven the various tinctures without interfering with the effect of the colours or altering the coat." -Whitney, 1911

Floral Bend Sinister Damaskeening

Damaskeening with a floral bend sinister used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute…

Damaskeening with scrollwork used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended to enliven the various tinctures without interfering with the effect of the colours or altering the coat." -Whitney, 1911

Scrollwork Damaskeening

Damaskeening with scrollwork used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration…

Damaskeening of bendy with scrollwork used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration intended to enliven the various tinctures without interfering with the effect of the colours or altering the coat." -Whitney, 1911

Bendy with Scrollwork Damaskeening

Damaskeening of bendy with scrollwork used in heraldry. "Damaskeening is the name given to minute decoration…

"A piece of armor protecting the arm; properly, an elbow piece, but sometimes loosely used for the entire brassart. Also garde-de-bras." -Whitney, 1911

Garde-Brace

"A piece of armor protecting the arm; properly, an elbow piece, but sometimes loosely used for the entire…

"In armor, a raised and ornamental ridge terminating the pauldron on the side toward the neck, and intended to prevent blows from glancing from the pauldron." -Whitney, 1911

Garde-Collet

"In armor, a raised and ornamental ridge terminating the pauldron on the side toward the neck, and intended…

"Garland lashed on a lower mast. A large rope strap or grommet lashed to a spar when hoisting it on board." -Whitney, 1911

Nautical Garland

"Garland lashed on a lower mast. A large rope strap or grommet lashed to a spar when hoisting it on…

The star of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, consisting of the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and twenty-four knights companions, and open, in addition, to such English princes and foreign sovereigns as may be chosen, and sometimes to extra companions chosen for special reasons, so that the whole order usually numbers about fifty." -Whitney, 1911

Order of the Garter Star

The star of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great…

The collar of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, consisting of the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and twenty-four knights companions, and open, in addition, to such English princes and foreign sovereigns as may be chosen, and sometimes to extra companions chosen for special reasons, so that the whole order usually numbers about fifty." -Whitney, 1911

Order of the Garter Collar

The collar of the Order of the Garter. "Order of the Garter, the highest order of knighthood in Great…

"The tip or armature of a gas-burning lamp or bracket, through which the gas is caused to issue for consumption." -Whitney, 1911

Bat's Wing Gas Burner

"The tip or armature of a gas-burning lamp or bracket, through which the gas is caused to issue for…

"The tip or armature of a gas-burning lamp or bracket, through which the gas is caused to issue for consumption." -Whitney, 1911

Argand Gas Burner

"The tip or armature of a gas-burning lamp or bracket, through which the gas is caused to issue for…

"A device for preventing the escape of gas through the vent or around the breech-mechanism which closes the rear end of the bore or chamber of any breech-loading small-arm, machine-gun, or cannon. Freire Gas-check. AA, breech-block; BB, expanding bolt and bolt-head; CC, expanding steel ring or gas-check; S, spiral spring; D, check-nut and set-screw." -Whitney, 1911

Freire Gas Check

"A device for preventing the escape of gas through the vent or around the breech-mechanism which closes…