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"1. Spiny portion of dorsal fin. 2. Soft portion of dorsal fin. 3. Caudal fin. 4. Anal fin. 5. Pectoral fin. 6. Ventral fin. 7. Mandible or lower jaw. 8. Maxillary. 9. Opercle. 10. Cheek and Preopercle. 11. Lateral fin. 12. Snout. 13. Depth." -Foster, 1921

Small-Mouthed Black Bass

"1. Spiny portion of dorsal fin. 2. Soft portion of dorsal fin. 3. Caudal fin. 4. Anal fin. 5. Pectoral…

"Flame. a, area of no combustion. b, area of partial combustion. c, area of complete combustion." -Foster, 1921

Flame Parts

"Flame. a, area of no combustion. b, area of partial combustion. c, area of complete combustion." -Foster,…

A biplane labeled with its principal parts.

Biplane Parts

A biplane labeled with its principal parts.

"The foot. a, calcaneum; b, astragalus; c, cuboid; d, metatarsal, of which there are five; e, phalanges, of which there are five; f, external cuneiform; g, middle cuneiform; h, scaphoid." -Foster, 1921

Foot Bones

"The foot. a, calcaneum; b, astragalus; c, cuboid; d, metatarsal, of which there are five; e, phalanges,…

"The turkey is indigenous to America; and it may still be found in some parts of our country in the wild state."

Wild Turkey

"The turkey is indigenous to America; and it may still be found in some parts of our country in the…

"The trunk appears to be composed of two parts, joined, and forming a more or less obtuse angle."

Trunk of the Meat-Fly

"The trunk appears to be composed of two parts, joined, and forming a more or less obtuse angle."

Drawing equal parts, one of three.

Dividers

Drawing equal parts, one of three.

Drawing equal parts, two of three.

Dividers

Drawing equal parts, two of three.

Drawing equal parts, three out of three.

Dividers

Drawing equal parts, three out of three.

Front view of a man in the anatomical position. On one lateral half the parts are labeled in English, on the other in Latin. The right upper limb is drawn away from the trunk in the order to show the arm more fully than is possible when it hangs perpendicularly.

Front View of the Parts of the Human Body Labeled in English and Latin

Front view of a man in the anatomical position. On one lateral half the parts are labeled in English,…

Back view of a man. On one lateral the names of the parts are given in English, on the other in Latin.

Back View of the Parts of the Human Body Labeled in English and Latin

Back view of a man. On one lateral the names of the parts are given in English, on the other in Latin.

Diagram of the gastropulmonary mucous membrane, showing the continuity of all its parts.

Gastropulmonary Mucous Membrane

Diagram of the gastropulmonary mucous membrane, showing the continuity of all its parts.

"The head of the angular pupae terminates sometimes in two angular parts, which diverge from each other like two horns."

Angular Pupa of a Butterfly

"The head of the angular pupae terminates sometimes in two angular parts, which diverge from each other…

Its lower wings have tails longer and narrower than the standard Swallow Tailed Butterfly. This species is not rare in some parts of Europe, but is scarce in England.

The Scarce Swallow Tailed Butterfly (Papilio Podalirius)

Its lower wings have tails longer and narrower than the standard Swallow Tailed Butterfly. This species…

"The Comma Butterfly is common, especially in many parts of England. Its caterpillar lives on the nettle, honeysuckle, the currant, the hazel and the elm."

The Comma Butterfly (Vanessa C. Album)

"The Comma Butterfly is common, especially in many parts of England. Its caterpillar lives on the nettle,…

This butterfly may be found "on the continent of Europe, during the months of June and September, and in different parts of the world in the same climate."

Deilephila Euphorbiae

This butterfly may be found "on the continent of Europe, during the months of June and September, and…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. branch with open cones

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. cone scales, dorsal view

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. cone scales, ventral view

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. seed

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

Sternum showing foramen due to imperfect union of lateral parts.

Sternum Showing Foramen

Sternum showing foramen due to imperfect union of lateral parts.

"Piece of the frond of Fucus platycarpus furnished with receptacles." -Lindley, 1853

Brown Alga

"Piece of the frond of Fucus platycarpus furnished with receptacles." -Lindley, 1853

"Fucus platycarpus...Section of a conceptacle much magnified." -Lindley, 1853

Brown Alga

"Fucus platycarpus...Section of a conceptacle much magnified." -Lindley, 1853

"Fucus platycarpus...3. jointed branching hairs detached from the sides of the conceptacle and bearing antherids; 4. an antherid full; 5. an antherid with only one antherozoid left in it; 6. Antherozoids." -Lindley, 1853

Brown Alga

"Fucus platycarpus...3. jointed branching hairs detached from the sides of the conceptacle and bearing…

"1. Antherid and spore-case of Chara fragilis not much magnified; 2. the same at a later period, after the dehiscence of the antherid; 3. three of the valves which cover the antherid represented at the moment of dehiscence; 4. an empty tube, in which a few antherozoids are left; 5. Anteroizoids." -Lindley, 1853

Chara fragilis

"1. Antherid and spore-case of Chara fragilis not much magnified; 2. the same at a later period, after…

"1. Polyplocium inquinans, divided vertically, natural size; 2. flocci and spores; 3 and 4, the same more highly magnified." -Lindley, 1853

Flocci and Spores

"1. Polyplocium inquinans, divided vertically, natural size; 2. flocci and spores; 3 and 4, the same…

"Pisomyxa racodioides, Corda.-1. Natural size; 2, the fungus greatly magnified; 3, a spore-case bursting and discharging its spores." -Lindley, 1853

Fungus

"Pisomyxa racodioides, Corda.-1. Natural size; 2, the fungus greatly magnified; 3, a spore-case bursting…

Sternum and ribs with ligaments, from in front. In the right half of the figure the most anterior layer has been removed and the joint cavities have been opened; the parts are separated somewhat from one another on the left side.

Sternum and Ribs

Sternum and ribs with ligaments, from in front. In the right half of the figure the most anterior layer…

"It is very rare in northern climates. It may be found on birch trees. In the hottest parts of the world they are very abundant; they are of large dimensions and adorned with sparkling colors."

Buprestis (Cyria) Imperialis

"It is very rare in northern climates. It may be found on birch trees. In the hottest parts of the world…

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely aggregated, elongated, submerged, pale-brown, irregularly torn. The sporidia are copius...Nos. 1 and 2, indicate the general points of growth of this fungus. I find frequently on the leaf-ribs and terminal points of the leaves, and very often dispersed over the smooth parts of the leaf; sometimes, although rarely, the peridia are on the upper surface which, when matured, resembles net work. At the juncture of the leaf (see 4) the cells of the peridia are nearly round, at 5, oblong. From 3 to 4 the cellular structure is of light Vandyke brown; at 5, a pale yellow...6 represents the appearance of the peridia as see by the naked eye; 7, their general arrangements and their groupings on the leaves; 8, three cells, showing the parts of which the peridia are composed being magnified about 125 diameters." -Watts, 1874

Cellular structure of peridia

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely…

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common on some parts of the English and Irish coasts."

Caryophyllia Cyathus (Lamarck)

"This genus has the summit hollowed out into a starlike cup. It inhabits the Mediterranean, and is common…

"The polyp of the <em>Porites</em> is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula, having unequal polygonal cells, imperfectly defined, slightly radiating by thread-like, pointed rays. Externally it presents the figure of an irregular trelliswork, more or less loosely connected in its meshes."

Porites Furcata (Lamarck)

"The polyp of the Porites is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula,…

Yosemite Valley is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. It is the centerpiece of Yosemite National Park, attracting visitors from all parts of the globe.

The Yosemite Valley, from Artist Point

Yosemite Valley is a world-famous scenic location in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. It is…

Scheme of the central motor neuron. The motor cell body, together with all its protoplasmic processes, its axis-cylinder process, collaterals, and end ramifications, represent parts of a single cell or neuron. Labels: a, h, Axone-hillock devoid of Nissl bodies, and showing fibrilation; c, cytoplasm showing Nissl bodies and lighter ground substance. n', nucleolus.

Scheme of the Central Motor Neuron

Scheme of the central motor neuron. The motor cell body, together with all its protoplasmic processes,…

"Part of the inflorescence of Heliconia angustifolia; a, stamens and pistil, the surrounding parts being removed." -Lindley, 1853

Heliconia

"Part of the inflorescence of Heliconia angustifolia; a, stamens and pistil, the surrounding parts being…

Dancing Girls: "Mantisia saltatoria; 1. style, stigma, and anther; 2. ovary, style, and abortive stamens." -Lindley, 1853

Dancing Girls Ginger

Dancing Girls: "Mantisia saltatoria; 1. style, stigma, and anther; 2. ovary, style, and abortive stamens."…

External wall of right nasal fossa, parts of the turbinates having been cut away to show the orifices of the sinuses which open into the meatuses.

External Wall of Nasal Cavity

External wall of right nasal fossa, parts of the turbinates having been cut away to show the orifices…

In some parts of Ireland the people tell strange tales about a little shoemaker who lives by himself in a wonderful cave deep down in the ground.

Fairy Shoemaker

In some parts of Ireland the people tell strange tales about a little shoemaker who lives by himself…

Outlines of the stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks.

Parts of the Stomach

Outlines of the stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks.

The four types of cecum. Type I is the infantile form which persists throughout life, in about 2 percent of cases. In Type II the conical cecum had become quadrate by the growing out of a saccule on either side of the anterior longitudinal band. The saccules are of equal side, and the appendix arises from between them instead of from the apex of a cone. This type is found in 3 percent of cases. Type III is the normal type of man. Here the two saccules, which in the second type were uniform, have grown at unequal rates, the right with greater rapidity than the left. This type occurs in about 90 percent of cases. Type IV is merely an exaggerated condition of the third; the right saccule is still larger, and at the same time the left saccule had been atrophied, so that the original apex of the cecum, with the appendix, is close to the ileocecal junction, and the anterior band courses inward to the same situation. This type is present in about 4 percent of cases.

Four Types of Cecum

The four types of cecum. Type I is the infantile form which persists throughout life, in about 2 percent…

"Batis maritima. 1. a male cone; 2. a male flower; 3. the same forced open to show the petals; 4. on of the bracteal scales; 5. a female cone; 6. a perpendicular section of the same; 7. a ripe cone; 8. a section of it; 9. a seed; 10. an embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Turtleweed

"Batis maritima. 1. a male cone; 2. a male flower; 3. the same forced open to show the petals; 4. on…

"Lardizabala triternata. 1. petals and stamens of male flower; 2. carpels; 3. fruit of a Lardizabala; 4. a cross section of it; 5. a seed; 6. a section of it, showing the embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Lardizabala

"Lardizabala triternata. 1. petals and stamens of male flower; 2. carpels; 3. fruit of a Lardizabala;…

"Cheiranthus cheiri; 2. its stigma; 3. the same with one valve off; 4. a cross section of a seed; 5. a diagram to illustrate the position of the parts of the flower." -Lindley, 1853

Aegean Wallflower

"Cheiranthus cheiri; 2. its stigma; 3. the same with one valve off; 4. a cross section of a seed; 5.…

"Moquileae canomensis. 1. a flower; 2. an ovary; 3. a perpendicular section of the last; 4. a fruit; 5. a kernel." -Lindley, 1853

Couepia

"Moquileae canomensis. 1. a flower; 2. an ovary; 3. a perpendicular section of the last; 4. a fruit;…

"Sanguisorba officinalis. 1. a flower with a pair of bracts; 2. the same with half the calyx cut away; 3. a ripe fruit, from which the calyx has been removed; 4. a vertical section of fruit and calyx; 5. transverse section of a fruit." -Lindley, 1853

Great Burnet

"Sanguisorba officinalis. 1. a flower with a pair of bracts; 2. the same with half the calyx cut away;…

"2. flower of Fragaria vesca; 3. a section of it." -Lindley, 1853

Woodland Strawberry

"2. flower of Fragaria vesca; 3. a section of it." -Lindley, 1853

"Lythrum salicaria. 1. a flower; 2. the calyx spread open; 3. the pistil; 4. a cross section of the ovary; 5. the capsule; 6. a section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Purple Loosestrife

"Lythrum salicaria. 1. a flower; 2. the calyx spread open; 3. the pistil; 4. a cross section of the…

"2. flower of Stylapterus sp.; 3 a. anther in front; 3 b. ditto behind; 4. anther between two lobes of calyx." -Lindley, 1853

Stylapterus

"2. flower of Stylapterus sp.; 3 a. anther in front; 3 b. ditto behind; 4. anther between two lobes…

"6. flower of Geissoloma marginatum; 7. ditto divided perpendicularly; 9. ovule; 10. anther." -Lindley, 1853

Geissoloma

"6. flower of Geissoloma marginatum; 7. ditto divided perpendicularly; 9. ovule; 10. anther." -Lindley,…

"Ulmus campestris. 1. its flower; 2. its pistil; 3. its fruit; 4. its embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Elm

"Ulmus campestris. 1. its flower; 2. its pistil; 3. its fruit; 4. its embryo." -Lindley, 1853

"1. Stackhousia; 2. its corolla; 3. calyx, &c." -Lindley, 1853

Stackhousia

"1. Stackhousia; 2. its corolla; 3. calyx, &c." -Lindley, 1853

"Styrax suberifolium. 1. a flower; 2. corolla and stamens; 3. pistil." -Lindley, 1853

Styrax

"Styrax suberifolium. 1. a flower; 2. corolla and stamens; 3. pistil." -Lindley, 1853

"Symplocos laxiflora. 1. expanded flower; 2. corolla cut open; 3. a stamen; 4. longitudinal section of ovary; 5. transverse ditto; 6. ripe fruit; 7. longitudinal section of ditto." -Lindley, 1853

Symplocos

"Symplocos laxiflora. 1. expanded flower; 2. corolla cut open; 3. a stamen; 4. longitudinal section…

"Styrax leiophylla. 1. a flower natural size; 2. ditto cut open; 3. stamen seen in front; 4. ovary, with half the calyx removed; 5. longitudinal section of ovary; 6. transverse ditto; 7. ripe fruit; 8. longitudinal section of seed." -Lindley, 1853

Styrax

"Styrax leiophylla. 1. a flower natural size; 2. ditto cut open; 3. stamen seen in front; 4. ovary,…

"Maba elliptica. 1. a flower; 2. a male corolla cut open; 3. a calyx and pistil; 4. fruit; 5. its section; 6. a perpendicular section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Maba

"Maba elliptica. 1. a flower; 2. a male corolla cut open; 3. a calyx and pistil; 4. fruit; 5. its section;…

"Vinca minor. 1. corolla opened; 2. style and stigma; 3. perpendicular section of the double ovary; 4. section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

lesser Periwinkle

"Vinca minor. 1. corolla opened; 2. style and stigma; 3. perpendicular section of the double ovary;…

"Cassipourea elliptica. 1. a flower; 2. stamens; 3. pistil; 4. cross section of the ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Cassipourea

"Cassipourea elliptica. 1. a flower; 2. stamens; 3. pistil; 4. cross section of the ovary." -Lindley,…

"Pyxidanthera barbulata. 1. corolla cut open; 2. perpendicular section of the ovary; 3. anther; 4. seed; 5. embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Flowering Pixiemoss

"Pyxidanthera barbulata. 1. corolla cut open; 2. perpendicular section of the ovary; 3. anther; 4. seed;…

"Stilbe Pinastra. 1. a flower; 2. the same cut open; 3. a perpendicular section of an ovary." -Lindley, 1853

Stilbe

"Stilbe Pinastra. 1. a flower; 2. the same cut open; 3. a perpendicular section of an ovary." -Lindley,…

Edward I (17 June 1239 &ndash; 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks, achieved historical fame as the monarch who conquered large parts of Wales and almost succeeded in doing the same to Scotland. However, his death led to his son Edward II taking the throne and ultimately failing in his attempt to subjugate Scotland. Longshanks reigned from 1272 to 1307, ascending the throne of England on 20 November 1272 after the death of his father, King Henry III. His mother was queen consort Eleanor of Provence.

Edward I (Longshanks)

Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), popularly known as Longshanks, achieved historical fame…