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Crax alector, Crested Curassow, is black with a purplish gloss, the belly being white, the naked lores and orbits black, the cere and base of the bill yellow, the tip bluish, and the feet horn-coloured. Throughout the whole genus, which is Central ad South American, the female has a curly crest barred with white." A. H. Evans, 1900

Crested Curassow

Crax alector, Crested Curassow, is black with a purplish gloss, the belly being white, the naked lores…

"Cariama cristata, the Seriem&aacute, or Crested Screamer, extending from Pernambuco to Paraguay and Matto Grosso, is ochreous-grey above with zig-zag umber markings, and whitish below with brown stripes. Vertical feathers on the lores form a conspicuous crest, while those of the neck and throat are long and loose; interrupted white bands cross the remiges, and the bases and tips of the lateral rectrices. The iris is yellow, the beak and feet are red, the naked orbits greenish. The female is yellower, and exhibits less crest." A. H. Evans, 1900

Seriemá

"Cariama cristata, the Seriemá, or Crested Screamer, extending from Pernambuco to Paraguay and…

"Rhinochetus jubatus, the Kuga ... has powder-down patches that are profusely distributed over the whole body, except toward the remiges and rectrices. The plumage is slaty-grey, with indistinct dark bars on the wings and tail; while the former expanded rufous and white bands appear, varied by black markings; while a long, erectile whitish-grey crest adorns the occiput and nape. The bill and feet are orange and red." A. H. Evans, 1900

Kagu

"Rhinochetus jubatus, the Kuga ... has powder-down patches that are profusely distributed over the whole…

Sterna fluviatilis, the Common Tern, occupying the coasts and inland waters of Europe, temperate Asia, and temperate America-chiefly on the eastern side in the last case- and migrating to South Africa, India, Ceylon, and Brazil, has red feet, and bill with horn-coloured tip, the lower parts being vinaceous grey." A. H. Evans, 1900

Common Tern

Sterna fluviatilis, the Common Tern, occupying the coasts and inland waters of Europe, temperate Asia,…

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan group, is glossy greenish-black, with chestnut back, rump, wing-coverts, tail and under tail-coverts, but browner-quills and abdomen. The hooked and toothed bill is orange, the feet are reddish, and the naked orbits red. The sexes are similar, the young entirely brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Tooth-Billed Pigeon

Didunculus strigirostris, the Manu-mea or Red Bird of the islands of Upolu, Salvai, and Tutuila in Samoan…

An illustration of a mother sitting in a chair with her daughter sitting at her feet.

Mother & Daughter

An illustration of a mother sitting in a chair with her daughter sitting at her feet.

"The Gallirex chlorochlyamys, Green-mantled Turaco, has a general coloration of metallic blue and green or greyish-brown, usually varied with crimson, ...all have erectile crests of different sizes. The bill is red, yellowish, or black, the feet are black. The sexes are alike, the younger are duller. The red feathers yield a peculiar pigment, containing copper, called Turacin, which is reducible to a powder; this is so soluble that the colour is washed away during the rain or in a bath, though regained subsequently." A. H. Evans, 1900

Green-Mantled Turaco Sitting on a Tree Limb

"The Gallirex chlorochlyamys, Green-mantled Turaco, has a general coloration of metallic blue and green…

The Rytidoceros undulatus, Plait-billed Hornbill, or Wreathed Hornbill, has black wings, belly, and back. The male has a buff colored head with red plumes from the nape, a naked yellow gular pouch that has a black stripe. The female has a black head and neck with a blue gular pouch. The feet are black, the bill yellow, the the iris red.

Plait-billed Hornbill

The Rytidoceros undulatus, Plait-billed Hornbill, or Wreathed Hornbill, has black wings, belly, and…

An illustration of a human toes.

Toes

An illustration of a human toes.

"Dissemurus paradiseus, the Drongo, both sexes are typically black, with metallic gloss of blue, purple, or green, though a few are greyer or browner, or have a little white below. The variable bill is usually large and more or less curved, with a hooked tip, a notched maxilla, and fairly strong rictal bristles. The bill and feet are black; eyes red, white, or brown." A. H. Evans, 1900

Drongo

"Dissemurus paradiseus, the Drongo, both sexes are typically black, with metallic gloss of blue, purple,…

"Diphyllodes magnifica, Magnificent Bird of Paradise, has a brown head and under surface, green throat and breast-shield, orange-brown back surmounted by a double cape of straw-yellow upon red-brown, and long, curved steel-blue head, with two lines of brown feathers crossing each other at right angles, and for its blue feet." A. H. Evans, 1900

Magnificent Bird of Paradise

"Diphyllodes magnifica, Magnificent Bird of Paradise, has a brown head and under surface, green throat…

"Heteralocha acutirostris, the New Zealand Huia, the female has a remarkably long, curved bill, that of the male being short, stout, and nearly straight, The plumage is greenish-black, with a white-tipped tail; the bill is whitish, the feet are blue-grey, the large rictal wattles orange." A. H. Evans, 1900

Huia

"Heteralocha acutirostris, the New Zealand Huia, the female has a remarkably long, curved bill, that…

"Passer domesticus, House Sparrow, The sexes may be similarly coloured or very different, the hues being commonly sober, but sometimes particularly brilliant. The feet are usually dull... the bill may be blackish, yellowish, dusky, or even red." A. H. Evans, 1900

Two House Sparrows, One Looking Down, One looking Straight, Sitting on the Top and Edge of a Structure

"Passer domesticus, House Sparrow, The sexes may be similarly coloured or very different, the hues being…

"Hesperornis regalis, (a fossilized restoration) which stood about three feet high, had blunt teeth in the grooves of both maxilla and mandible, the number being thirty or more below, but considerably less above, where they did not reach to the exterior extremity. The bill was long and pointed, the rami of the lower jaw being entirely separate; the head was rather small, the neck long, and the quadrate bone articulated with the skull by one knob only. The sternum was long, broad, and flat, without keel; the furcula was decidedly reduced, the metatarsus, being little more than a humerus; the tail was fairly long and broad, but had no pygostyle." A. H. Evans, 1900

The Restoration of the Hesperornis Regalis

"Hesperornis regalis, (a fossilized restoration) which stood about three feet high, had blunt teeth…

"If a pair of concave mirrors be set facing each other, as shown in figure 7, and a source of heat be placed in the focus of one, a thermometer in the focus of the other will quickly show a rise in temperature though the mirrors are many feet apart." Louis Derr, 1911

A Pair of Concave Mirrors Set Facing Each Other

"If a pair of concave mirrors be set facing each other, as shown in figure 7, and a source of heat be…

"And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son. But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet: And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry: For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry." Luke 15:20-24 KJV

The Return of the Prodigal Son

"And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and…

"He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded." John 13:4-5 KJV

Jesus Washing the Feet of His Disciples

"He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. After that…

"And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD'S passover." Exodus 12:11

The Feast of the Passover

"And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand;…

"And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests that bare the ark of the covenant being before the people; and when they that bare the ark were come unto the Jordan, and the feet of the priests that bare the ark were dipped in the brink of the water (for the Jordan overfloweth all its banks all the time of harvest,) that the waters which came down from above stood, and rose up in one heap, a great way off, at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those that went down toward the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, were wholly cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho. And the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of Jehovah stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan; and all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan. Joshua 3:14-17 <p>Illustration of the priests carrying the ark of the covenant into the Jordan River. Many people follow them into the dry river bed.

The Hebrews Crossing the Jordan

"And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches.

Virginia Cut Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The staminate flowers are seen as they appear at the the end of a branch of the natural size.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The staminate flowers are seen as they appear when magnified.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The germ and stigmas are shown here.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a ripe fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a narrow thin seed for this grass.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling sheaths. The spikes are cylindrical and obtuse. The awn is twisted and twice the length of the blossom. It has only one palea. The spike or head of the Meadow Foxtail is soft. There are few light stems and leaves. It thrives best in rich, moist strong soil.

Meadow Foxtail Grass

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling…

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling sheaths. The spikes are cylindrical and obtuse. The awn is twisted and twice the length of the blossom. It has only one palea. The spike or head of the Meadow Foxtail is soft. There are few light stems and leaves. It thrives best in rich, moist strong soil, and flowers from late spring to early summer.

Meadow Foxtail Grass

The Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)has an erect, smooth stem, two or three feet high with swelling…

Beach Grass (Calamagrostis arenaria or Ammophila arundinacea), also known as Seasand Reed and Mat Grass, is found almost exclusively on the first line of coastal sand dunes; their extensive systems of creeping underground stems or rhizomes allow them to thrive under conditions of shifting sands and high winds. It grows from two to three feet high with stout roots running from twenty or thirty feet long. The leaves are wide, rather short and of a sea-green color.

Beach Grass

Beach Grass (Calamagrostis arenaria or Ammophila arundinacea), also known as Seasand Reed and Mat Grass,…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south. The upper palea and its bent and twisted awn is seen here.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) also called Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem is erect and about three feet high. When found in good soil it has been known to grow over five feet high. The leaves are linear, flat, dark-green and rough on both surfaces, which, with the fancied resemblance of its clusters to the foot of a barnyard fowl, gives it the common name in England of rough cock's foot.

Orchard Grass

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) also called Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem…

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata), also known as Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The stem is erect and about three feet high. When found in good soil it has been known to grow over five feet high. The leaves are linear, flat, dark-green and rough on both surfaces, which, with the fancied resemblance of its clusters to the foot of a barnyard fowl, gives it the common name in England of rough cock's foot. The magnified spikelet is shown here

Orchard Grass

Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata), also known as Rough Cock's-foot, flowers in dense clusters. The…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high. Here we see the root stalk.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high. Here we see a magnified spikelet.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle, often six inches in length, with slender branches; spikelets small, ovate, oblong, green; leaves in two rows like a fan and a little rough. The stem is a little compressed and one to three feet high. Here we see the calyx.

Meadow Spear Grass

Meadow Spear Grass (Glyceria nervata), also known as Nerved Manna Grass, has a broad, open panicle,…

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow water of marshes. It is tall, reedy, and grows four or five feet high with a panicle nearly a foot long, diffuse with smooth flexuous branches.

Water Spear Grass

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow…

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow water of marshes. It is tall, reedy, and grows four or five feet high with a panicle nearly a foot long, diffuse with smooth flexuous branches. The magnified spikelet is shown here.

Water Spear Grass

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow…

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping root and an erect, slender, smooth stem. The upper sheath is no longer than its leaf, with a very short ligule, the base of the floret having a silky web suspending the calyx. The leaves are light green. The grass is common in light shady places and appears as a tall, rank grass, with a long, finely-arched panicle.

Wood Meadow Grass

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping…

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping root and an erect, slender, smooth stem. The upper sheath is no longer than its leaf, with a very short ligule, the base of the floret having a silky web suspending the calyx. The leaves are light green. The grass is common in light shady places and appears as a tall, rank grass, with a long, finely-arched panicle. It flowers in July. A magnified flower is seen here.

Wood Meadow Grass

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping…

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The marginal ribs are not hairy, the ligules are long, pointed, and obtuse and the stems are two to three feet high. This grass has rough sheaths while in the latter the sheaths are smooth. The root is fibrous and the grass is creeping. It flourishes in moist meadows and flowers in July.

Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The…

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The marginal ribs are not hairy, the ligules are long, pointed, and obtuse and the stems are two to three feet high. This grass has rough sheaths while in the latter the sheaths are smooth. The root is fibrous and the grass is creeping. It flourishes in moist meadows and flowers in July. The flower is magnified here.

Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The…

The panicle of the Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) is nearly erect, branched, close, and somewhat inclined to one side. The spikelets are linear with from five to ten cylindrical flowers. The leaves are linear , glossy green, pointed, striated and rough on the edges. The stems are round, smooth and from two to three feet high. The root is creeping and perennial. The radical, or rot leaves, are broader than those of the stem. The Meadow Fescue Grass flowers in June and July in moist pastures and near farhouses.

Meadow Fescue

The panicle of the Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) is nearly erect, branched, close, and somewhat…

The panicle of the Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) is nearly erect, branched, close, and somewhat inclined to one side. The spikelets are linear with from five to ten cylindrical flowers. The leaves are linear , glossy green, pointed, striated and rough on the edges. The stems are round, smooth and from two to three feet high. The root is creeping and perennial. The radical, or rot leaves, are broader than those of the stem. The Meadow Fescue Grass flowers in June and July in moist pastures and near farhouses. A magnified spikelet is shown here.

Meadow Fescue

The panicle of the Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis) is nearly erect, branched, close, and somewhat…

Tall Fescue Grass (Festuca elatior) is found commonly in moist meadows. The panicle is contracted, erect, or somewhat dropping with short branches spreading in all directions. The spikelets are crowded with five to ten flowers. Its rather remote and oblong. The leaves are flattish, linear, acute, and the stems two to four feet high. The root is perennial, fibrous, and somewhat creeping and forming in large tufts. Flowers in June and July.

Tall Fescue Grass

Tall Fescue Grass (Festuca elatior) is found commonly in moist meadows. The panicle is contracted, erect,…

Tall Fescue Grass (Festuca elatior) is found commonly in moist meadows. The panicle is contracted, erect, or somewhat dropping with short branches spreading in all directions. The spikelets are crowded with five to ten flowers. Its rather remote and oblong. The leaves are flattish, linear, acute, and the stems two to four feet high. The root is perennial, fibrous, and somewhat creeping and forming in large tufts. Flowers in June and July. A magnified spiikelet is shown here.

Tall Fescue Grass

Tall Fescue Grass (Festuca elatior) is found commonly in moist meadows. The panicle is contracted, erect,…

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping panicle. The spikelets are ovate and smooth with a yellowish-green tinge and holding six to ten distinct flowers. The stems are erect, smooth, and round growing from two to three feet high and bearing four or five leaves with striated sheaths. The upper sheath is crowned with an obtuse, ragged ligule while the lower sheath is soft and hairy. There are five joints and the leaves are flat, soft, and linear. The spikelets have fewer florets and the outer palea is rounded at the summit and broader compared with its length.

Chess Grass

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping…

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping panicle. The spikelets are ovate and smooth with a yellowish-green tinge and holding six to ten distinct flowers. The stems are erect, smooth, and round growing from two to three feet high and bearing four or five leaves with striated sheaths. The upper sheath is crowned with an obtuse, ragged ligule while the lower sheath is soft and hairy. There are five joints and the leaves are flat, soft, and linear. The spikelets have fewer florets and the outer palea is rounded at the summit and broader compared with its length. This picture shows the grass a few days before coming to maturity.

Chess Grass

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping…

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping panicle. The spikelets are ovate and smooth with a yellowish-green tinge and holding six to ten distinct flowers. The stems are erect, smooth, and round growing from two to three feet high and bearing four or five leaves with striated sheaths. The upper sheath is crowned with an obtuse, ragged ligule while the lower sheath is soft and hairy. There are five joints and the leaves are flat, soft, and linear. The spikelets have fewer florets and the outer palea is rounded at the summit and broader compared with its length. This picture shows the summit of the large glume midway between its base and the summit of the second floriet.

Chess Grass

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping…

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping panicle. The spikelets are ovate and smooth with a yellowish-green tinge and holding six to ten distinct flowers. The stems are erect, smooth, and round growing from two to three feet high and bearing four or five leaves with striated sheaths. The upper sheath is crowned with an obtuse, ragged ligule while the lower sheath is soft and hairy. There are five joints and the leaves are flat, soft, and linear. The spikelets have fewer florets and the outer palea is rounded at the summit and broader compared with its length. This picture shows the magnified spikelet.

Chess Grass

The Chess Grass (Bromus secalinus), also called Willard's Bromus, has a spreading, slightly drooping…

The Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne) has a smooth, erect stem growing from fifteen inches to two feet high. The root is perennial and fibrous, often purplish, with four to five smooth joints. The leaves are dark green, lanceolate, acute, flat, and smooth on the outer surface. On the inner surface the leaves are rougher. The glume is much shorter than the spikelet. Flowers six to nine, awnless. Flowers in June.

Perennial Rye Grass

The Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne) has a smooth, erect stem growing from fifteen inches to two…

The Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne) has a smooth, erect stem growing from fifteen inches to two feet high. The root is perennial and fibrous, often purplish, with four to five smooth joints. The leaves are dark green, lanceolate, acute, flat, and smooth on the outer surface. On the inner surface the leaves are rougher. The glume is much shorter than the spikelet. Flowers six to nine, awnless. Flowers in June. A magnified spikelet is shown here.

Perennial Rye Grass

The Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne) has a smooth, erect stem growing from fifteen inches to two…

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler Grass. Couch Grass has extensively creeping roots. A smooth, erect, round stem growing from one to two and a half feet high having five or six flat leaves with smooth, striated sheaths. The joints are smooth, the two uppermost are very remote. The leaves are dark green an acute. The upper ones are broader than the lower ones, rougher, sometimes hairy on the inner surface, smooth on the lower half. Inflorescence in spikes and flowers in June and July.

Couch Grass

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler…

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler Grass. Couch Grass has extensively creeping roots. A smooth, erect, round stem growing from one to two and a half feet high having five or six flat leaves with smooth, striated sheaths. The joints are smooth, the two uppermost are very remote. The leaves are dark green an acute. The upper ones are broader than the lower ones, rougher, sometimes hairy on the inner surface, smooth on the lower half. Inflorescence in spikes and flowers in June and July. A magnified spikelet is shown.

Couch Grass

Couch Grass (Triticum repens) is also referred to as Quitch Grass, Twitch Grass, Dog Grass, and Chandler…

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus. It has open panicled spikelets. The grass is two-flowered, the lower flower staminate, bearing a long bent awn below the middle of the back. The leaves are flat, acute and roughish on both sides. The panicle leans slightly to one side and the glumes are very unequal. The stems grow from two to three feet high with a perennial fibrous root that is sometimes bulbous. It is distinguished from other grasses by having two florets, the lower one having a long awn rising from a little above the base of the base of the outer palea. The grass flowers from May to July.

Tall Meadow Oat Grass

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus.…

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus. It has open panicled spikelets. The grass is two-flowered, the lower flower staminate, bearing a long bent awn below the middle of the back. The leaves are flat, acute and roughish on both sides. The panicle leans slightly to one side and the glumes are very unequal. The stems grow from two to three feet high with a perennial fibrous root that is sometimes bulbous. It is distinguished from other grasses by having two florets, the lower one having a long awn rising from a little above the base of the base of the outer palea. The grass flowers from May to July. A magnified spikelet is shown here.

Tall Meadow Oat Grass

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus.…

The Meadow Soft Grass (Holcus lanatus), also referred to as Velvet Grass, has its spikelets crowded in an open panicle, and an awn with the lower part perfectly smooth. It grows from one to two feet high with an erect smooth stem. The root is perennial and fibrous, with four to five leaves with soft, downy sheaths. The upper sheath much longer than its leaf with an inflated obtuse ligule. There are usually four joints with generally covered with soft downy hairs, the points of which are turned downwards. The leaves are pale-green, flat, broad, acute, soft on both sides, and covered with delicate slender hairs. It has hairy, oblate glumes tipped with a minute brislte. Inflorescence compound panicled of a greenish, reddish, or pinkish tinge. It flowers in June.

Meadow Soft Grass

The Meadow Soft Grass (Holcus lanatus), also referred to as Velvet Grass, has its spikelets crowded…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…