"Leaf of a willow (Salix sp.). b, blade; p, petiole; s, stipules." -Gager, 1916

Willow Leaf

"Leaf of a willow (Salix sp.). b, blade; p, petiole; s, stipules." -Gager, 1916

"Horse-chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum). ls, leaf-scar, showing scars of seven fibro-vascular bundles, corresponding, in number, to the seven leaflets of the compound leaf, formerly attached at ls. The leaf is drawn to a smaller scale than the branch." -Gager, 1916

Horse-Chestnut Leaf

"Horse-chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum). ls, leaf-scar, showing scars of seven fibro-vascular bundles,…

"Cycas circinalis. Diagram of longitudinal section of a nearly mature seed; o, outer fleshy layer, with a bundle (o1) of the outer vascular system; s, stony layer of integument; i, inneer fleshy layer, with a bundle (i1) of the inner vascular system; c, central vascular bundle." -Gager, 1916

Seed Sections

"Cycas circinalis. Diagram of longitudinal section of a nearly mature seed; o, outer fleshy layer, with…

The carpellate cone of a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris).

Scots Pine Cone

The carpellate cone of a Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris).

"Perspective- Place roofs and tree tops above the horizon line, and the tree trunks and main part of the houses, below." -Foster, 1921

Landscape Perspective

"Perspective- Place roofs and tree tops above the horizon line, and the tree trunks and main part of…

The leaves and fruit of the elm tree.

Elm Leaves and Fruit

The leaves and fruit of the elm tree.

The female flowers and fruit of the fig tree.

Fig Flowers and Fruit

The female flowers and fruit of the fig tree.

A view on upper Saint John's River in Florida.

Saint John's River

A view on upper Saint John's River in Florida.

The Florida state flower, the orange blossom.

Orange Blossom

The Florida state flower, the orange blossom.

A small ape from the Hylobatidae family found in the islands of the Archipelago.

Gibbon

A small ape from the Hylobatidae family found in the islands of the Archipelago.

Two boys from prehistoric times watch from a tree as a bull charges a bear.

Prehistoric Boys

Two boys from prehistoric times watch from a tree as a bull charges a bear.

"The skull in reptiles is flat, and the cerebral cavity is not filled with brains. There are no ribs."

Skeleton of a Frog

"The skull in reptiles is flat, and the cerebral cavity is not filled with brains. There are no ribs."

The Brook, a painting by Thomas Gainsborough.

The Brook

The Brook, a painting by Thomas Gainsborough.

Rustic Children, a painting by Thomas Gainsborough.

Rustic Children

Rustic Children, a painting by Thomas Gainsborough.

"The Conversion of St. Eustace. By Albrecht Dürer. From the engraving on copper." -Heath, 1901

The Conversion of St. Eustace

"The Conversion of St. Eustace. By Albrecht Dürer. From the engraving on copper." -Heath, 1901

"The Knight and the Lady. By Albrecht Dürer. From the engraving on copper." -Heath, 1901

The Knight and the Lady

"The Knight and the Lady. By Albrecht Dürer. From the engraving on copper." -Heath, 1901

Greek people standing and talking under a tree.

Greeks

Greek people standing and talking under a tree.

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

Dacus Oleae

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

Olives attacked by Dacus Oleae

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

"Female Cicada Laying her Eggs in the Groove She has Bored in the Branch of a Tree. While the female does not sing, she is given an organ which is of more practical value. This is a sort of an auger, destined to penetrate the back of the branches of trees."

Female Cicada Laying her Eggs

"Female Cicada Laying her Eggs in the Groove She has Bored in the Branch of a Tree. While the female…

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

Winged Aphides, or Plant Lice

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

Winged Aphides, or Plant Lice

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

Wingless Aphides, or Plant Lice

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

Wingless Aphides, or Plant Lice

"They subsist on the sap of the tree; and are sometimes provided with wings, and are sometimes without."

An engraving of St. Christopher crossing the river carrying Jesus on his back.

St. Christopher

An engraving of St. Christopher crossing the river carrying Jesus on his back.

"Magnified, represents the chrysalis arrived a its final state, and suspended to a branch of a tree by the network of silk."

Chrysalis Divested of the Larva Skin

"Magnified, represents the chrysalis arrived a its final state, and suspended to a branch of a tree…

"This was the beginning of a cocoon. Each triangular blade was composed of a great number of small, thin, rectangular plates, taken from the bark of the tree."

Cocoon of Pyralis Corticalis

"This was the beginning of a cocoon. Each triangular blade was composed of a great number of small,…

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has fed to change into a Chrysalis, without making a cocoon."

Larva of the Lime Hawk Moth (Smerinthus Tiliae)

"The larva is found on the lime and the elm. It buries itself at the foot of the tree on which it has…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed wings dorsal view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States of America.

Cuban pine (pinus cubensis Griseb.). Two-thirds natural size. seed wings ventral view

The Cuban pine, which occurs mostly in the West Indies and South America, as well as the Gulf States…

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest growth in parts of North America.

Shortleaf pine (pinus echinata Mill.). Natural size. seed

The shortleaf pine is mostly associated with with deciduous-leaved trees, often the predominant forest…

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. young cones

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. mature open cone

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. mature closed cone

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. detached cone scales dorsal view

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. detached cone scales ventral view

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

Loblolly pine (pinus toeda L.). Two-thirds natural size. seed and wing

The loblolly pine, also known as slash-pine is a common pine tree in the Virginias and Carolinas.

The mesquit is on of the characteristic shrubs throughout the desert. It varies in size from a straggling bush to a well-formed tree.

Mesquit (prosopis juliflora).

The mesquit is on of the characteristic shrubs throughout the desert. It varies in size from a straggling…

The palo verde is a very peculiar naked evergreen tree. It has small freen leaves in the rainy season, but these soon drop off and the smooth, light green surface makes it appear as if stripped of bark as well as leaves.

Palo verde (parkinsonia torreyana).

The palo verde is a very peculiar naked evergreen tree. It has small freen leaves in the rainy season,…

Tree just removed from nursery, newly planted, pruned, and boxed.

Tree just removed from nursery, newly planted, pruned, and boxed.

Tree just removed from nursery, newly planted, pruned, and boxed.

Red oak tree three years after planting.

Red oak three years after planting

Red oak tree three years after planting.

Carolina poplar not pruned since setting out.

Carolina Poplar Not Pruned Since Setting Out

Carolina poplar not pruned since setting out.

Carolina poplar severely headed back

Carolina Poplar Severely Headed Back

Carolina poplar severely headed back

Silver maple not pruned since setting out.

Silver Maple Not Pruned Since Setting Out.

Silver maple not pruned since setting out.

Silver maple after severe heading back.

Silver maple after severe heading back.

Silver maple after severe heading back.

Sycamore three years after very close pruning.

Sycamore three years after very close pruning.

Sycamore three years after very close pruning.

American linden, showing wire guard.

American linden, showing wire guard.

American linden, showing wire guard.

A tree as pictured in the Biblical story of creation.

Tree

A tree as pictured in the Biblical story of creation.

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three thousand acres in extent."

Orgyia Pudibunda

Also called the Hop-Dog. "It attacks every kind of tree. In 1828 they laid waste a tract of woods three…

A man felling a tree. He chops the tree down with an axe.

Man Felling a Tree

A man felling a tree. He chops the tree down with an axe.

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Section of Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together in perfect harmony."

Exterior of a Wasp's Nest on a Branch of a Tree

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together…

"Woolly Oak-gall, produced by Cynips Quercus ramuli." -Lindley, 1853

Gall Wasp

"Woolly Oak-gall, produced by Cynips Quercus ramuli." -Lindley, 1853

"3. a piece of the thallus of Sticta pulmonacea, with lacunae and soredia; 4. thallus of the same, bearing shields." -Lindley, 1853

Tree Lungwort

"3. a piece of the thallus of Sticta pulmonacea, with lacunae and soredia; 4. thallus of the same, bearing…

"Sticta pulmonaria, or Lungs of the Oak." -Lindley, 1853

Tree Lungwort

"Sticta pulmonaria, or Lungs of the Oak." -Lindley, 1853

The branch, nuts, and flowers of an almond tree.

Almond Tree

The branch, nuts, and flowers of an almond tree.

The blue and yellow macaw is a group of large parrots, here hanging upside down from a tree branch.

Blue and Yellow Macaw

The blue and yellow macaw is a group of large parrots, here hanging upside down from a tree branch.

Illustrations depicting a black knot of a plum. "1...represents the general appearance of the black-knot of the plum; 2, a cross-section; 2, an enlarged view of it, showing indentations on the external surface of the conceptacles or perithecia of the fungus; 4, a longitudinal section of the black-knot and branch of a plumtree...5, a typical representation of the perithecia." -Watts, 1874

Black knot of the plum

Illustrations depicting a black knot of a plum. "1...represents the general appearance of the black-knot…