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An illustration of two pyramids. A pyramid is a building where the upper surfaces are triangular and converge on one point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral (but generally may be of any polygon shape), meaning that a pyramid usually has three or four sides. A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, means that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above.

Pyramids

An illustration of two pyramids. A pyramid is a building where the upper surfaces are triangular and…

Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1, 1449 – 9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the Italian Renaissance. Known as Lorenzo the Magnificent by contemporary Florentines, he was a diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. His life coincided with the high point of the early Italian Renaissance; his death marked the end of the Golden Age of Florence. The fragile peace he helped maintain between the various Italian states collapsed with his death; two years later the French invasion of 1494 began and led to nearly 400 years of foreign occupation of the Italian peninsula.

Lorenzo de' Medici

Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1, 1449 – 9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of…

A bench-shears is a tool with two short, stout blades and very long handles, one of them being fitted with a point to hold the shears firm on the bench.

Tinsmith's Shears

A bench-shears is a tool with two short, stout blades and very long handles, one of them being fitted…

It consists of a steam cylinder and piston and its rod, and to the rod is firmly secured a steel rock-drill. The cylinder is supported upon a heavy tripod that may stand in any position and present the point of the drill in any direction. The steam or compressed air is conveyed to the cylinder through a hose, and when ready for work it delivers its tremendous thundering blows upon the rock in rapid succession.

Pneumatic Rock Drill

It consists of a steam cylinder and piston and its rod, and to the rod is firmly secured a steel rock-drill.…

The torpedoes used by the Confederates were various in form and construction. The most efficient ones were the galvanic and percussion. The percussion or "sensitive" ones exploded by the act of forcible contact. Some of these were made in the form of a double cone, with percussion tubes arranged around the cylinder thus formed, at the point of contact of the bases of the cones.

Percussion Torpedo

The torpedoes used by the Confederates were various in form and construction. The most efficient ones…

Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet, from Georgetown, who wrote the words to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".

Francis Scott Key

Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur…

A copy of the original manuscript of the first stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner."

First Stanza of the "Star-Spangled Banner"

A copy of the original manuscript of the first stanza of "The Star-Spangled Banner."

"Battle ground at Concord. This view, looking southeast, is from the road leading to the village, by the way of the North Bridge, to the residence of Mr. Prescott Barrett. The point from which the sketch was made is upon an elevation a little north of that where the militia assembled under Colonel Barrett. The stream of water is the Concord, or Sudbury River. The site of the North Bridge is at the monument seen in the center of the picture. The monument stands upon the spot where the British were stationed, and in the plain, directly across the river from the monument, is the place where Davis and Hosmer, of the American militia, were killed. The house, the roof and gable of which are seen in the distance, just on the left of the largest tree, was the residence of the Reverend Dr. Ripley (afterward a chaplain in the army) at the time of the skirmish. It is upon the road elading to Concord village, which lies nearly half a mile beyond."—Lossing, 1851

Battleground at Concord

"Battle ground at Concord. This view, looking southeast, is from the road leading to the village, by…

"Saurognathous skull of woodpecker (Colaptes auratus). v, v, the posterior parts of the abortive vomer; s, point of sphenoid; mxp, maxillopalatine; pt, pterygoid; me, ossified mesethmoid; pl, palatine; q, quadrate; bt, basitemporal; fm, foramen magnum. The posterior part of one palatine is cut away to show the long anterior projection of the pterygoid." -Whitney, 1911

Woodpecker Skull

"Saurognathous skull of woodpecker (Colaptes auratus). v, v, the posterior parts of the abortive vomer;…

The chigoe flea (Tunga penetrans) is a parasitic arthropod found in tropical climates, especially South America and the West Indies. At 1 mm long, the chigoe flea is the smallest known flea. Breeding female chigoes burrow into exposed skin and lay eggs, causing intense irritation. After this point, the skin lesion looks like a 5 to 10 mm white spot with a central black dot, which are the flea's exposed hind legs, respiratory spiracles and reproductive organs.

Chigoe Flea (Male)

The chigoe flea (Tunga penetrans) is a parasitic arthropod found in tropical climates, especially South…

The chigoe flea (Tunga penetrans) is a parasitic arthropod found in tropical climates, especially South America and the West Indies. At 1 mm long, the chigoe flea is the smallest known flea. Breeding female chigoes burrow into exposed skin and lay eggs, causing intense irritation. After this point, the skin lesion looks like a 5 to 10 mm white spot with a central black dot, which are the flea's exposed hind legs, respiratory spiracles and reproductive organs.

Chigoe Flea (Female)

The chigoe flea (Tunga penetrans) is a parasitic arthropod found in tropical climates, especially South…

The flag of Cuba was adopted on May 20, 1902, containing a field with five blue and white stripes, and a red triangle at the hoist with a white 5-pointed star. The flag was designed in 1848 for the liberation movement, which sought to detach Cuba from Spain. The flag was briefly hoisted in 1850 at Cardenas but was not officially adopted until 1902, when independence was granted by the US.

Cuban Flag

The flag of Cuba was adopted on May 20, 1902, containing a field with five blue and white stripes, and…

Hasbrouck House served as Washington's headquarters during the Revolutionary War from April 1782 until August 1783. It was chosen for its comparatively safe location north of the strategically important West Point. The 7,000 troops of the Continental Army were encamped near what is today known as Vails Gate, a few miles to the southwest.

Entrance to Washington's Headquarters, Newburgh

Hasbrouck House served as Washington's headquarters during the Revolutionary War from April 1782 until…

Diagram of the nervous system of a starfish. N, nerve ring.

Nervous System of the Starfish

Diagram of the nervous system of a starfish. N, nerve ring.

Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star shaped fort best known for its role in the War of 1812 when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in the Chesapeake Bay.

Ruins of Battery at Fort McHenry

Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star shaped fort best known for its role in the War of 1812…

Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star shaped fort best known for its role in the War of 1812 when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in the Chesapeake Bay.

Sallyport at Fort McHenry

Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star shaped fort best known for its role in the War of 1812…

A drawing of the academic buildings of West Point, the United Stated Military Academy.

West Point Academic Buildings

A drawing of the academic buildings of West Point, the United Stated Military Academy.

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman. Wayne adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general and the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony".

General Anthony Wayne's Gold Medal (Front)

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman.…

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman. Wayne adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general and the sobriquet of "Mad Anthony".

General Anthony Wayne's Gold Medal (Back)

Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745–December 15, 1796) was a United States Army general and statesman.…

Abraham Whipple (26 September 1733 – 27 May 1819) was an American revolutionary naval commander. Whipple was born near Providence, Rhode Island and chose to be a seafarer early in his life. He embarked upon a career in the lucrative West Indies trade, working for Moses and John Brown. In the French and Indian War period, he became a privateersman and commanded privateer Game Cock from 1759 to 1760. In one six-month cruise, he captured 23 French ships. He sunk the first British ship of the American Revolution. The first to unfurl the Star Spangled Banner in London, he was also the first to build and sail an ocean-going ship 2000 miles down river from Ohio to the Caribbean, opening trade to the Northwest Territory.

Abraham Whipple

Abraham Whipple (26 September 1733 – 27 May 1819) was an American revolutionary naval commander.…

John Stricker (1758-1825) was a Maryland militia officer who fought in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812.

John Stricker

John Stricker (1758-1825) was a Maryland militia officer who fought in both the American Revolutionary…

A monument for The Battle of North Point, fought on September 12, 1814.

Battle of North Point Monument

A monument for The Battle of North Point, fought on September 12, 1814.

On September 7, 1676, Waldron invited about 400 Indians to participate in a mock battle against the militia. It was a trick; instead, he took them prisoner. Thirteen years passed, and it was assumed that the incident had been forgotten. But then squaws began dropping ambiguous hints that something was astir. On June 27, 1689, two Indian women appeared at each of 5 garrison houses, asking permission to sleep by the fire. All but one house accepted. In the dark early hours of the next day, the women unfastened the doors, and in rushed Indian men who had concealed themselves about the town. Waldron resisted but was stunned with a hatchet, then placed on his table. After dining, the Indians cut him across the belly with knives, each saying "I cross out my account." Major Waldron was slain with his own sword.

Death of Major Richard Waldron

On September 7, 1676, Waldron invited about 400 Indians to participate in a mock battle against the…

An illustration of the Order of the Garter Star. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients in any of the Commonwealth realms; it is the pinnacle of the honors system in the United Kingdom. Membership in the order is limited to the sovereign, the Prince of Wales, and no more than twenty-four members, or Companions; the order also comprises Supernumerary knights and ladies (e.g., members of the British Royal Family and foreign monarchs).

Order of the Garter Star

An illustration of the Order of the Garter Star. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry,…

Eleazer Derby Wood (1783 – September 17, 1814) was an American Army officer in the War of 1812. He was distinguished at Fort Erie, where he lost his life in a sortie. Colonel Wood was much beloved by General Brown, who caused a handsome marble monument to be erected to his memory at West Point. Also, he was the namesake of Fort Wood on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor on which the Statue of Liberty was built. He is also the namesake of Wood County, Ohio.

Colonel Eleazer Derby Wood's Monument at West Point

Eleazer Derby Wood (1783 – September 17, 1814) was an American Army officer in the War of 1812.…

The Seal of the State of Massachusetts. The seal has a shield in the center with a Algonquin Native American holding a bow and arrow. Around the shield, is a blue ribbon with the state motto, 'Ense Petit Placidam Sub Libertate Quietem" which means "By the sword we seek peace, but only under liberty."

Seal of Massachusetts

The Seal of the State of Massachusetts. The seal has a shield in the center with a Algonquin Native…

The Great Seal of the State of Minnesota. The seal depicts a farmer plowing as a Native American rides by horseback. Above, the state motto reads, 'L'etoile du nord' meaning "Star of the North."

Seal of Minnesota

The Great Seal of the State of Minnesota. The seal depicts a farmer plowing as a Native American rides…

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole.

Seal of Oklahoma

The Great Seal of the State of Oklahoma, 1907. The seal has a star with five rays hold seals of Cherokee,…

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and a live oak branch.

Seal of Texas

The Seal of Texas. The seal has simply a star which is a common symbol of Texas, an olive branch, and…

An illustration depicting the formation of circles of diffusion. "From point A luminous rays enter the eye in the form of a cone, the kind of which will depend on the pupil. Thus it may be circular, or oval, or ever triangular. If the pencil is focused in front of the retina, as at d, or behind it as it as at f, or, in other words, if the retina of being at F; be in the position G or H, there will be a luminous circle or a luminous triangular space, and many elements of the retina will be affected. The size of these diffusion circles depends on the distance from the retina of the point where the rays are focused: the greater the distance, the more extended will be the diffusion circle" (Britannica, 132).

Formation of Circles of Diffusion

An illustration depicting the formation of circles of diffusion. "From point A luminous rays enter the…

"Seismoscope. a, heavy mass supported by loop at point near center of gravity; b, point on which upper side of loop rests; c, long needle projecting from upper side of loop; d, conducting-wire; e, binding-post; f, long arm of lever pivoted at k; g, point where end of lever rests on end of needle; h, mercury-cup." -Whitney, 1911

Seismoscope

"Seismoscope. a, heavy mass supported by loop at point near center of gravity; b, point on which upper…

The <em>Star of the West</em> was a civilian ship hired by the United States government to transport military supplies and reinforcements to the garrison of Fort Sumter before the American Civil War.

The Star of the West

The Star of the West was a civilian ship hired by the United States government to transport…

The historic Stonington flag, a very rare 16 star, 16 stripe example and possibly the only period 16 star flag in existence.

Stonington Flag

The historic Stonington flag, a very rare 16 star, 16 stripe example and possibly the only period 16…

The Battle of Stony Point was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. Here is a view of Stony Point from the Southwest. <p>"View of Stony Point from the southwest. This view shows a large portion of the morass, and the place where the assaulting party divided and prepared for an attack upon the fort, which was situated where the light-house is seen. The place of the causeway is on the left, denoted by the cattle. When I made this sketch it was quite high water, and the morass, there about one hundred feet wide, was almost covered. There was another place near the river shore, on the right, where the Point was accessible at times. It is distinguished in the sketch by the narrow strip of land extending nearly across the mouth of the morass. Upon this the enemy had dug pits and placed sharpened stakes within them, so that, had the Americans attempted to reach the Point by that way many would have been impaled."—Lossing, 1851

Stony Point

The Battle of Stony Point was a battle of the American Revolutionary War. Here is a view of Stony Point…

La Sainte-Chapelle (English: The Holy Chapel) is a Gothic chapel on the &Icirc;le de la Cit&eacute; in the heart of Paris, France. It is perhaps the high point of the full tide of the rayonnante period of Gothic architecture.

Plan of Sainte Chapelle, Paris

La Sainte-Chapelle (English: The Holy Chapel) is a Gothic chapel on the Île de la Cité…

The chief advantages of the horizontal sundial are that it is easy to read, and the sun lights the face throughout the year. All the hour-lines intersect at the point where the gnomon's style crosses the horizontal plane. Since the style is aligned with the Earth's rotational axis, the style points true North and its angle with the horizontal equals the sundial's geographical latitude &lambda;. A sundial designed for one latitude can be used in another latitude, provided that the sundial is tilted upwards or downwards by an angle equal to the difference in latitude. For example, a sundial designed for a latitude of 40&deg; can be used at a latitude of 45&deg;, if the sundial plane is tilted upwards by 5&deg;, thus aligning the style with the Earth's rotational axis.

Horizontal Dial

The chief advantages of the horizontal sundial are that it is easy to read, and the sun lights the face…

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal sundial, the sun casts a shadow from its style (a thin rod or a sharp, straight edge) onto a flat surface marked with lines indicating the hours of the day. As the sun moves across the sky, the shadow-edge progressively aligns with different hour-lines on the plate. Such designs rely on the style being aligned with the axis of the Earth's rotation. Hence, if such a sundial is to tell the correct time, the style must point towards true North (not the north or south magnetic pole) and the style's angle with horizontal must equal the sundial's geographical latitude.

Sundial

A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. In common designs such as the horizontal…

"Sextant. An important instrument of navigation and surveying, for measuring the angular distance of two stars or other objects, or the altitude of a star above the horizon..." a, handle; b, c, mirrors; d, ring; e, telescope; f, arm; g, reading-lens; h, arc; i, screw; j, tangent screw. -Whitney, 1911

Sextant

"Sextant. An important instrument of navigation and surveying, for measuring the angular distance of…

Anterior tibial group of muscles of the right limb, seen from before and the outside. Labels: a, flexor metatarsi; a', tendonto the cuboid; and a", temdom to the metatarsus, from its funicular portion; a"', tendon of its fleshy portion, sending a straight slip to the metatarsus, and an oblique one to the cuneiform bone; b, extensor pedis; b', its tendon; c, peroneus; c', point where its tendon joins that of the extensor pedis; d, extensor pedis brevis; e, superior, and f, inferior thick portions of the annular ligament.

Horse Leg Muscles

Anterior tibial group of muscles of the right limb, seen from before and the outside. Labels: a, flexor…

Incisor tooth of a horse-posterior view. Labels: a, outer layer of enamel; b, inner layer of enamel round the infundibulum; c, dental star; d, the dentine.

Horse Incisor Tooth

Incisor tooth of a horse-posterior view. Labels: a, outer layer of enamel; b, inner layer of enamel…

A gravity escapement uses a small weight or a weak spring to give an impulse directly to the pendulum. The earliest form consisted of two arms which were pivoted very close to the suspension spring of the pendulum with one arm on each side of the pendulum. Each arm carried a small dead beat pallet with an angled plane leading to it. When the pendulum lifted one arm far enough its pallet would release the escape wheel. Almost immediately another tooth on the escape wheel would start to slide up the angle face on the other arm thereby lifting the arm. It would reach the pallet and stop. The other arm meanwhile was still in contact with pendulum and coming down again to a point lower than it had started from. This lowering of the arm provides the impulse to the pendulum. The design was developed steadily from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century. It eventually became the escapement of choice for turret clocks.

Mudge's Gravity Escapement

A gravity escapement uses a small weight or a weak spring to give an impulse directly to the pendulum.…

A gravity escapement uses a small weight or a weak spring to give an impulse directly to the pendulum. The earliest form consisted of two arms which were pivoted very close to the suspension spring of the pendulum with one arm on each side of the pendulum. Each arm carried a small dead beat pallet with an angled plane leading to it. When the pendulum lifted one arm far enough its pallet would release the escape wheel. Almost immediately another tooth on the escape wheel would start to slide up the angle face on the other arm thereby lifting the arm. It would reach the pallet and stop. The other arm meanwhile was still in contact with pendulum and coming down again to a point lower than it had started from. This lowering of the arm provides the impulse to the pendulum. The design was developed steadily from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century. It eventually became the escapement of choice for turret clocks.

Bloxam's Gravity Escapement

A gravity escapement uses a small weight or a weak spring to give an impulse directly to the pendulum.…

Binocular telescopes, or binoculars (also known as field glasses), are two identical or mirror-symmetrical telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects.

Binocular Telescope

Binocular telescopes, or binoculars (also known as field glasses), are two identical or mirror-symmetrical…

"A and B...are two corks, into each of which r inserted four wing feathers from any bird, so as to be slightly inclined like the sails of a windmill, but in opposite directions in each set. A round shaft is fixed in the cork a, which ends in a sharp point. At the upper part of the cork b is fixed a whalebone bow, having a small pivot hole in its centre to receive the point of the shaft. The bow is then to be strung equally on each side to the upper portion of the shaft, and the little machine is completed. Wind up the string by turning the flyers different ways, so that the spring of the bow may unwind them with their anterior edges ascending." -Britannica, 1910

Cayley's Flying Model

"A and B...are two corks, into each of which r inserted four wing feathers from any bird, so as to be…

Internal view of left thigh-showing the arteries. Labels: 1, femoral; a, profunda femoris; b, superficialis femoris; c, saphenic; d, muscular branches; e, femora; nutrient vessels cut; (the femoral becomes the popliteal at about this point); f, femoro-popiteal; f', its muscular branches; f&quot;, its descending branch; g, recurrent tibial; h, united trunk of saphenic and femoro-popliteal; i, internal plantar.

Thigh of a Horse Showing Arteries

Internal view of left thigh-showing the arteries. Labels: 1, femoral; a, profunda femoris; b, superficialis…

Solar aspect of the hoof. Labels: a, bars; b, solar border of wall; c, line of union between wall and sole; d, inferior aspect of sole; d', d, posterior branches of sole; e, cleft of the frog; f, bulbs of the frog; g, point of the frog.

Hoof of a Horse

Solar aspect of the hoof. Labels: a, bars; b, solar border of wall; c, line of union between wall and…

The interrupted fret band is a pattern that has a star or rosette in the middle of the band that interrupts the repetitive pattern.

Interrupted Fret Band

The interrupted fret band is a pattern that has a star or rosette in the middle of the band that interrupts…

The Twin Design fret band is a pattern that has a star, rosette or design that is in the middle of the band that interrupts the repetitive pattern.

Twin Design Fret Band

The Twin Design fret band is a pattern that has a star, rosette or design that is in the middle of the…

The missing fret band is a pattern that has a star or rosette in the middle of the band that interrupts the repetitive pattern.

Missing Fret Band

The missing fret band is a pattern that has a star or rosette in the middle of the band that interrupts…

The point noue lace border is a 15th century design. It is a pattern that is produced by plaiting and knotting the threads.

Point Noue Lace Border

The point noue lace border is a 15th century design. It is a pattern that is produced by plaiting and…

The old point lace border is a form of textile art that has a combination of the conventional treatment and delicate hand-work.

Old Point Lace Border

The old point lace border is a form of textile art that has a combination of the conventional treatment…

The old point lace border is a form of textile art that has a combination of the conventional treatment and delicate hand-work.

Old Point Lace Border

The old point lace border is a form of textile art that has a combination of the conventional treatment…

The mural painting star-shape panel is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis.

Mural Painting Star-Shape Panel

The mural painting star-shape panel is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis.

The Arabic Koran star-shape panel is a 17th century decoration that is polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabic Koran Star-Shape Panel

The Arabic Koran star-shape panel is a 17th century decoration that is polygonal shape of a radiating…

The Arabian star-shape panel is a symmetrical design. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabian Star-Shape Panel

The Arabian star-shape panel is a symmetrical design. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

This Arabian star-shape panel is a ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabian Star-Shape Panel

This Arabian star-shape panel is a ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited…

This Arabian star-shape panel is a ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabian Star-Shape Panel

This Arabian star-shape panel is a ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited…

This etched ornament star-shape panel is a 16th century design found on a armour. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Etched Ornament Star-Shape Panel

This etched ornament star-shape panel is a 16th century design found on a armour. It is a polygonal…

This Arabian star-shape panel is an 18th century ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabian Star-Shape Panel

This Arabian star-shape panel is an 18th century ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating…

This Arabian star-shape panel is an 18th century ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating axis. Edited by FCIT to present complete image.

Arabian Star-Shape Panel

This Arabian star-shape panel is an 18th century ceiling painting. It is a polygonal shape of a radiating…