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Jungle-fowl is a general name given to the members of the genus Gallus. The red jungle-fowl, G. jerrugineus, is the origin of the domesticated breeds of poultry. It inhabits India, Farther India, Sumatra, the Philippines, Celebes, and Timor, and strongly resembles the 'black-breasted game' variety of domesticated birds, with its fine orange or purplish-red upper surface, and greenish-black wings, tail, and under surface. Though excessively pugnacious in the wild state, polygamy is stated to be then rare. Three other species of jungle-fowl are known: the gray jungle-fowl of S. Central, and W. India (G. Sonnerati), G. Lafayettii of Ceylon, and G. varius of Java, Lombok, and Flores; but all these are stated to be sterile when mated with the common fowl.

Jungle-fowl

Jungle-fowl is a general name given to the members of the genus Gallus. The red jungle-fowl, G. jerrugineus,…

The Eddy Tailless Kite (named so after its inventor, Eddy of Bayonne), is a tailless kite. The convex surface exposed to the wind enables a tail to be dispensed.

Eddy Tailless Kite

The Eddy Tailless Kite (named so after its inventor, Eddy of Bayonne), is a tailless kite. The convex…

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland, but differing in that the horns are absent in the female, while those of the male are curved in a spiral. The tail is short, the neck is maned, and the body is marked by narrow, vertical white stripes. The common kudu (Strepsiceros kudu) occurs in wooded regions from the Cape to the highlands of Abyssinia. The lesser kudu (S. imberbis) is confined to Somaliland and its vicinity. Both are favorites with sportsmen.

Head of Kudu

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland,…

A langur is a monkey of the genus Semnopithicus, which contains Asiatic forms characterized by slender build, very long tail, absence of cheek pouches, and the fact that the hind limbs are longer than the fore. The stomach is peculiar, for it is furnished with sacs or pouches; and the animals are largely herbivorous in diet, living chiefly upon leaves and young shoots. The true langur, or hanuman (S. entellus) is common throughout the greater part of India, and is in most places regarded as sacred by the Hindus.

Langur

A langur is a monkey of the genus Semnopithicus, which contains Asiatic forms characterized by slender…

A lemming is a small, yellowish-brown rodent, closely related to the vole, and belonging to the genus Myodes. The Norwegian lemming (M. lemmus) is about five inches in length, with the tail extremely short. It excavates shallow burrows in the soil of the mountain meadows in which it lives, and in winter tunnels beneath the snow for its food, which is wholly vegetable, consisting of roots, shoots, catkins, moss, and lichens. Special interest attaches to this rodent from the fact that at irregular intervals, varying from five to twenty years, it suddenly appears in vast numbers in Northern Europe; great bodies, said to number millions of individuals, migrate from place to place in search of food, leaving behind them a track of desolation as they eat their way through fields of corn and grass. They show a remarkable persistency both in the act of migration and in the general direction of the movement, and swim without hesitation any bodies of water which may block their path. As, from the contour of the Scandinavian peninsula, they inevitably come eventually to the sea, those which have not perished from overcrowding, from disease, or from the attacks of their enemies, die in attempting to swim across it. The lemming of Northern Europe is known is replaced in North America by the allied M. obensis and the banded lemming (Cuniculus torquatus); the latter is circumpolar, and turns white in winter. Other allies, called lemming-mice, inhabit Northwestern Canada, and have somewhat similar habits, but rarely, if ever, migrate from their habitat.

Lemming

A lemming is a small, yellowish-brown rodent, closely related to the vole, and belonging to the genus…

A familiar example of the true lemur, the Ring-Tailed Lemur <i>(Lemur catta)</i> , or 'Madagascar cat', is a greyish, furry animal, with a fox-like face, and a long bushy tail banded with black and white. It is commonly seen in menageries. In its native habitat, it goes in troops which remain at rest during the heat of the day, but become noisy and active at dusk.

Ring-tailed Lemur

A familiar example of the true lemur, the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) , or 'Madagascar cat', is…

The leopard <i>(Felis pardus)</i> is a carnivore closely allied to the lion and the tiger, but differing it its inferior size, and in the fact that its tawny coat is covered with dark spots, formed by an incomplete ring of black enclosing a bright central patch. In addition to this brightly-colored form, there exists also the black leopard or panther, formerly regarded as a distinct species, but now proved to be merely a variety. Leopards occur throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma, in Persia, Palestine, Syria, Arabia, and Africa; while formerly their distribution was even more extensive. They are very active animals, and differ from lions and tigers in that they habitually climb trees. The total length, including the tail, is sometimes as much as eight feet. In India, the leopard preys chiefly on dogs and on carious kinds of monkeys; but it is capable of killing a bullock or the samber deer. The litters consist of from two to four cubs, which in India are born in spring. Leopards chiefly inhabit rocky hills covered with scrub, and in the neighborhood of villages are often a dreadful scourge to herds and flocks, and sometimes become habitual man-eaters.

Leopard

The leopard (Felis pardus) is a carnivore closely allied to the lion and the tiger, but differing it…

Crag and tail, a term used to designate a peculiar hill conformation. a, crag; b, tail (boulder clay, drift, etc.); c, hollow in front of crag.

Crag and Tail

Crag and tail, a term used to designate a peculiar hill conformation. a, crag; b, tail (boulder clay,…

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril; 8, point of nose; 9, lips; 10, nether jaw; 11, cheek; 12, poll; 13, mane; 14, withers; 15, parotid glands; 16, throat; 17, neck; 18, jugular vein; 19, shoulder; 20, breast; 21, ribs; 22, back; 23, loins; 24, hip; 25, flank; 26, belly; 27, haunch; 28, thigh; 29, buttock; 30, stifle; 31, leg; 32, tail; 33, hock or hough; 34, cannon or shank bone; 35, arms; 36, knees; 37, passage for girth; 38, elbow; 39, shank; 40, bullet; 41, pasterns; 42, coronet; 43, foot; 44, hoof; 45, fetlock.

Horse

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril;…

Testing shoulder distance with tail gage.

Tail Gage

Testing shoulder distance with tail gage.

The winter plumage of a Ptarmigan, a grouse of the genus Lagopus. Usually a light reddish brown tint, it becomes pure white except for a black, white tipped tail in the winter months.

Rock Ptarmigan Winter Plumage

The winter plumage of a Ptarmigan, a grouse of the genus Lagopus. Usually a light reddish brown tint,…

The pug is a breed of small, short-haired lap dogs, probably of Oriental origin, and introduced into Europe by way of Holland in the sixteenth century. The breed is characterized by the shortness of the face and uplifted form of nose. Only a fawn color, with blackish face, was known until about 1875, when a wholly black variety was introduced into the West from China. The pug is essentially a house dog, good-tempered and affectionate. Unless restrained, it becomes extremely fat. Its weight should not exceed fifteen pounds; its form should be compact and elegant, though robust, with straight legs, the face much wrinkled and forehead high, the coat smooth and silky, and the tail always tightly curled over the hip. The face and thin, small ears should be black, and in the fawn-colored breed a blackish line should run along the spine.

Pug Dog

The pug is a breed of small, short-haired lap dogs, probably of Oriental origin, and introduced into…

The puma, also known as the cougar, panther, or mountain lion <i> (Felis concolor) </i> , is a large American cat, formerly to be met anywhere from the St. Lawrence River and southern British Columbia to Patagonia, but now practically exterminated east of the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable among the larger cats for its uniformity of coloration, whence it is popularly known as 'lion' throughout all the countries south of the United States. The fur is thick and close, and in adults is plain tawny above, except for a dark streak along the middle of the back, and a dark tip to the tail, while the under surface is of a paler tint. The presence in the young, however, of a ringed tail and of spots on the body shows that the puma's ancestors possessed the characteristically feline type of coloration. There is much variation in size: the largest authenticated measurement is eight feet two inches from the snout to the tip of the tail, the tail being three feet eight inches; but the usual length of the body, exclusive of the tail, appears to be under four feet. The puma is able to live in low-lying plains and on mountain slopes, among dense forests and on the treeless pampas. Its natural prey is such animals as deer in North and in Central America, while of the pampas it feeds largely on huanacos; but everywhere it preys as hunger suggests or occasion requires on any smaller and more agile creature it is able to pick up. Like the leopard, it is especially destructive to sheep, a single puma when it gains access to a fold sometimes slaughtering 100 in a night, seemingly in a blind revel of killing. It rarely attacks man unprovoked, and has the reputation, especially in the Plains regions, of being absolutely cowardly. When hunted with dogs (the usual method), it tries first to flee, and when overtaken climbs a tree, where it remains, snarling at the pack of dogs until the hunter comes up and dispatches it. Nevertheless, when cornered it fights to the death, showing that its real disposition is that of timidity and caution rather than of poltroonery. The two sexes live apart, but pair in winter and summer. Two or three young are born at once.

Puma

The puma, also known as the cougar, panther, or mountain lion (Felis concolor) , is a large American…

A fleet of three ancient Anglo-Saxon ships, each with wind filling the lone sail. Each ship has a dragon head at the bow. The front ship has a curled, dragon tail at the stern. Several men occupy the decks of the ships. The ship of the right has a head on a pike displayed at its bow. A crow sits on and pecks at the head. Another crow sits on the mast of that ship.

Anglo-Saxon Ships with Wind in the Sails

A fleet of three ancient Anglo-Saxon ships, each with wind filling the lone sail. Each ship has a dragon…

"And Jehovah prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah; and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights." Jonah 1:17 ASV <p>Illustration of Jonah, looking up towards the sky, as he is swallowed by an enormous fish. The fishes scales, fins, and tail can be seen thrashing in the waves. Some shells are pictured in front of Jonah (bottom left).

Jonah is Swallowed by a Great Fish Sent by God

"And Jehovah prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah; and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three…

"The constellation which is prominent in early summer in the skies of the southern United States (where the whole of the magnificent tail clears the horizon), contains the first magnitude red star Antares and several of the second magnitude. With the Chaldeans and Greeks is extended over one sixth of the planetary circle, the scorpion being represented with exaggerated claw embracing a circular space where Libra is now placed." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

The Scorpio Constellation, with Libra

"The constellation which is prominent in early summer in the skies of the southern United States (where…

"A fetid animal of the American genus <i>Mephitis, M. mephitica</i>... The animal inhabits all of temperate North America, and continues abundant in the most thickly settled regions. It is about as large as a house-cat, but stouter-bodied, with shorter limbs, and very long bushy tail, habitually erected or turned over the back. The color is black or blackish, conspicuously but to a variable extent set off with pure white- generally as a frontal stripe, a large crown-spot, a pair of broad divergent bands along the side of the back, and white hairs mixed with the black ones of the tail." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Common Skunk

"A fetid animal of the American genus Mephitis, M. mephitica... The animal inhabits all of temperate…

<i>Circaetus gallicus</i> is a "bird of prey inhabiting all the countries bordering the Mediterranean, and thence eastward to the whole of the Indian peninsula and part of the Malay archipelago. The male is 26 inches long; the female, 30 inches; the pointed wings are more than half as long again as the tail; the tarsi are mostly naked; the nostrils are oval perpendicularly; the head is crested with lanceolate feathers; and in the adult the breast is white, streaked with brown." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Snake Buzzard, Also Called a Short-Toed Eagle

Circaetus gallicus is a "bird of prey inhabiting all the countries bordering the Mediterranean, and…

The winter plumage of a Ptarmigan, a grouse of the genus Lagopus. Usually a light reddish brown tint, it becomes pure white except for a black, white tipped tail in the winter months.

Rock Ptarmigan Summer Plumage

The winter plumage of a Ptarmigan, a grouse of the genus Lagopus. Usually a light reddish brown tint,…

<i>Spathura underwoodi</i>. The <i>Spathura</i> is a "remarkable genus of <i>Trochilidae</i>, containing hummingbirds with the lateral tail-feathers, long-exerted, narrowed, and then dilated into a spatule or racket at the end, and with conspicuous leg muffs." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Racket-Tailed Hummingbird

Spathura underwoodi. The Spathura is a "remarkable genus of Trochilidae, containing hummingbirds with…

<i>Notropis hudsonius</i>. The spottail minnow, also called the spottail shiner is a spawn-eater. These fish "habitually feed upon spawn, to the detriment of the fisheries or of fish-culture." This minnow is one of the largest and has a "pale coloration", sides with a "broad silvery band, and usually a dusky spot at the base of the caudal fin. It is sometimes called smelt." &mdash;Whitney, 1889

Spottail Minnow or Shiner

Notropis hudsonius. The spottail minnow, also called the spottail shiner is a spawn-eater. These fish…

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality, and which are the immediate and active means of impregnating or fertilizing the ovum of the female... I. broadest view; II. profile, of k, kernel or nucleus of the head, and m, filamentous body, ending in s, the long slender tail." —Whitney, 1889

Human Spermatozoa

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality,…

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality, and which are the immediate and active means of impregnating or fertilizing the ovum of the female... I. broadest view; II. profile, of k, kernel or nucleus of the head, and m, filamentous body, ending in s, the long slender tail." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of two spermatozoa from an ape.

Spermatozoa of an Ape

"One of the numberless microscopic bodies contained in semen, to which the seminal fluid owes its vitality,…

<i>Sphenocercus sphenurus</i>. The Kokla Green Pigeon, also called a Wedge-tailed Pigeon, "a genus of fruit pigeons or <i>Treroninae</i>, having the tail cuneate." &mdash;Whitney, 1889 <p>Illustration of two pigeons sitting on branches, one in the forefront and the other in the background.

Kokla Green Pigeon

Sphenocercus sphenurus. The Kokla Green Pigeon, also called a Wedge-tailed Pigeon, "a genus of fruit…