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Very much resembles our pond lily with the exception that the color is of a brilliant purple on the border petals with a heart of deep orange and the stem stands high out of the water. It is commonly found on the banks of the Nile and is the first flower to spring up after the overflowing waters of that river have subsided. For this reason and becacuse it preserves its chaste beauty while growing from such impure surroundings it has always figured among the Egyptians as an emblem of immortality and purity. With the Chinese it is symbolic of many descendants and in India it is especially sacred to the Buddhists and is the national flower of that country. In ornament the lotus is handled by many different nations, being used in both circular and profile forms, figuring as flowers, wheels, medallions, etc.

Lotus Design

Very much resembles our pond lily with the exception that the color is of a brilliant purple on the…

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of Persia. It is much used in border designs and it alternates with the palmette in forming the Sha Abbas pattern. It also forms the design known as the Knop and Flower by alternating with a closed bud. Some authorities claim that it originated from the lotus.

Rosette Design

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of…

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of Persia. It is much used in border designs and it alternates with the palmette in forming the Sha Abbas pattern. It also forms the design known as the Knop and Flower by alternating with a closed bud. Some authorities claim that it originated from the lotus.

Rosette Design

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of…

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of Persia. It is much used in border designs and it alternates with the palmette in forming the Sha Abbas pattern. It also forms the design known as the Knop and Flower by alternating with a closed bud. Some authorities claim that it originated from the lotus.

Rosette Design

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of…

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of Persia. It is much used in border designs and it alternates with the palmette in forming the Sha Abbas pattern. It also forms the design known as the Knop and Flower by alternating with a closed bud. Some authorities claim that it originated from the lotus.

Rosette Design

A floral-shaped design which is said to resemble the "Star of Bethlehem," an early spring flower of…

A class of beautiful birds of the pheasant family, native to southeastern Asia. In the wild state peacocks are met with mostly while perching in trees, but they make their nests on the ground, where the peahen lays from twenty to thirty eggs in the early spring and may later be seen in company with a large brood of young, usually from ten to twenty.

Peacock

A class of beautiful birds of the pheasant family, native to southeastern Asia. In the wild state peacocks…

A species of Primula native to western and southern Europe, including the British Isles. It is one of the earliest spring flowers, and in appropriate conditions, it can cover the ground in open woods. In more populated areas it has suffered from over-collection and theft so that few natural displays of primroses in abundance can be found.

Primrose

A species of Primula native to western and southern Europe, including the British Isles. It is one of…

A species of thrush native to Eurasia, which resembles in size and appearance the blackbird. It is migratory, moving far northward in Europe and Asia in the spring, and passing to the Mediterranean region and Africa in the fall.

Ring Ouzel

A species of thrush native to Eurasia, which resembles in size and appearance the blackbird. It is migratory,…

An autumn-flowering species of crocus. It is ofen called autumnal crocus to distinguish it from a species called spring crocus, which it closel resembles.

Saffron

An autumn-flowering species of crocus. It is ofen called autumnal crocus to distinguish it from a species…

A flow of water from the interior of the earth, caused by the water resulting from rain or snow.

Spring

A flow of water from the interior of the earth, caused by the water resulting from rain or snow.

This illustration shows cluster cups in a section of a leaf of spring beauty. At right one of the cups is ruptured, exposing the aeciospores. Below a small cup, pycnium, is discharging pycniospores that are possibly fuunctionless male gametes.

Claytonia

This illustration shows cluster cups in a section of a leaf of spring beauty. At right one of the cups…

This illustration shows a tree that has been both branch-budded and grafted. Buds inserted in August. Bud on A lived. Buds on B, B, and B died, and these branches were grafted the following spring.

Bud and Graft

This illustration shows a tree that has been both branch-budded and grafted. Buds inserted in August.…

Method of "Crowning" the spring, Delco Ignition Relay.

Ignition Relay

Method of "Crowning" the spring, Delco Ignition Relay.

"The principal part of the aneroid barometer is a cylindrical air-tight box of metal closed by a corrugated top of thin elastic metal. The air is exhausted from the box, which is then sealed. Evidently, the pressure of the air on the outside of the cover will cause the cover to curve inwards, as the space inside of the cover is void of pressure, until the resistance due to the elasticity of the cover, aided by the resistance of a spring beneath it, is equal to the force exerted by the air." — Hallock, 1905

Aneroid Barometer

"The principal part of the aneroid barometer is a cylindrical air-tight box of metal closed by a corrugated…

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards and the back A is removed by unhooking the brass spring clips B, B, and lifting it out. The tracing is laid on the glass C, with the inked side touching the glass. A sheet of the prepared paper, perfectly dry, is laid on the tracing with the yellow side downwards." — Hallock, 1905. The painting frame is used to hold the original in contact with the light-sensitive paper in the blueprint reproduction process.

Painting Frame

"A printing frame that is well adapted to sheets not over 17 in. x 21 in. The frame is placed face downwards…

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They are ornamental shrubs with evergreen or deciduous and sometimes spiny leaves and black, red or yellow berries, which remain on the shrubs until the following spring." — Beach, 1909

Holly

"A species of the genus Ilex, which contains about 175 species distributed throughout the world. They…

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural order Passifloaceae; an order of exogenous plants, of which more than 200 species are known, mostly climbers, having tendrils which spring from the axils of the leaves, herbaceous or half shrubby, natives of tropical and subtropical countries, but rare in Asia and Africa." — Chambers, 1881

Passionflower

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural…

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite way, and its click rT is set in the clock-frame. That ratchet is connected with the great wheel by a spring ss' pressing against the two pins s in the ratchet and s' in the wheel. When you wind up the weight, the click Tr prevents the ratchet from turning back or to the right; and as the spring ss' is kept by the weight in a state of tension equivalent to the weight itself it will drive the wheel to the left for a short distance, when its end s is held fast, with the same force as if that end was pulled forward by the weight; and as the great wheel has to move very little during the short time the clock is winding, the spring will keep the clock going long enough." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Harrison's Going-Ratchet

"The click barrel-ratchet R is set upon another larger ratchet-wheel, with its teeth pointing the opposite…

"The Mimic Beetles seldom exceed one-third of an inch in length, and are of very solid consistence, their elytra being so hard that the pin of the entomologist is with difficulty made to enter. They are somewhat square in form, with the upper surface highly polished, feeding chiefly on putrid substances and found in great abundance in spring on the dung of oxen and horses." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Mimic Beetle

"The Mimic Beetles seldom exceed one-third of an inch in length, and are of very solid consistence,…

"Springing Beetles, Elateridae, are narrower and more elongate than the former, and their legs are so short that when they fall on their backs they are as unable to right themselves as a capsized turtle, but by bending the head and thorax backwards, and making use of the prolongation already described, they are enabled to spring to a height fully ten times their own length, and this operation they repeat until they fall on their feet. The noise which accompanies the springing process has earned for them the name of Click Beetles." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Click Beetle

"Springing Beetles, Elateridae, are narrower and more elongate than the former, and their legs are so…

F, fixed coil; D, movable coil; S, spiral spring; T, Torsion head; MM, Mercury cups; I, Index needle.

Siemens Electrodynamometer

F, fixed coil; D, movable coil; S, spiral spring; T, Torsion head; MM, Mercury cups; I, Index needle.

"The cylinder is placed vertically in the jaws of a cutting instrument, having a diamond cutter, pressing by a spring, inside the glass. The cutter moves by small wheels on the table on which it is placed, and being pushed around the cylinder it makes an accurate cut of uniform height." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Glass Cutter

"The cylinder is placed vertically in the jaws of a cutting instrument, having a diamond cutter, pressing…

"The plate A is 46 inches in diameter, and is composed of gun metal. These were put on by original graduation, mainly on the plan of Edward Troughton. One very great improvement in this engine is that the axis B is tubular, as seen at C. The object of this hollow is to receive the axis of the circle to be divided, so that it can be fixed flat to the plate by the clamps E, without having first to be detached from the axis and other parts to which it has already been carefully fitted. This obviates the necessity for resetting, which can hardly be done without some error. D is the tangent screw, and F the flame carrying it, which turns on carefully polished steel pivots. The screw is pressed against the edge of the plate by a spiral spring acting under the lever G, and by screwing the lever down the screw can be altogether removed from contact with the plate." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dividing Engine

"The plate A is 46 inches in diameter, and is composed of gun metal. These were put on by original graduation,…

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin the case of the elm and the plum. The shoots when used for propagation must be transplanted with all the roots attached to them, care being taken not to injure the parent plant. If they spring from a thick root it is not to be wantonly severed, but the soil should be removed and the sucker taken off by cutting away a clean slice of the root." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Suckering Iron

"Root suckers are young shoots from the roots of plants, chiefly woody plants, as may often be seenin…

"The plant known in America as the "Carolina jasmine" is not a true jasmine. other hardy species commonly cuultivated in gardens are the low or Italian yellow-flowered jasmine, J. humile, an erect shrub 3 or 4 feet high, with angular branches, alternate and most ternate leaves, blossoming from June to September; the common yellow jasmine, J. fruticans, a hardy deciduous shrub, 10 to 12 feet high, with weak, slender stems requiring support, and bearing yellow, odorless flowers from spring to autumn; and J. nudiflorum, with flowers before the leaves appear." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gelsemium

"The plant known in America as the "Carolina jasmine" is not a true jasmine. other hardy species commonly…

"Suppose a to be a gravel hill, and b a strata of clay or rock, impervious to water. The fluid percolating through the gravel would reach the impervious strata, along which it would run until it found an outlet at c at the foot of the hill, where a spring would be formed." — Wells, 1857

Gravel Hill

"Suppose a to be a gravel hill, and b a strata of clay or rock, impervious to water. The fluid percolating…

"Morse magnetic telegraph will be understood by reference to the accompanying diagram, which represents the construction and arrangement of this form of telegraph. F and E are pieces of soft iron surrounded by coils of wire, which are connected at a and b with wires proceeding from a galvanic battery. When a current is transmitted from a battery located one, two, or three hundred miles, as the case may be, it passes along the wires and into the coils surrounding the pieces of soft iron F and E, thereby converting them into magnets. Above these pieces of soft iron is a metallic bar or lever, A, supported on its center, and haing at one end the arm D, and at the other a small steel point, o. A ribbon of paper, p h, rolled on the cylinder B, is drawn slowly and steadily off by a train of clock-work, K, moved by the action of the weight P on the cord C. This clock-work gives motion to two metal rollers, G and H, between which the ribbon of paper passes, and which, turnin in opposite directions, draw the paper from the cylinder B. The roller H has a groove arond its circumference (not represented in the engraving) above which the paper passes. The steel point, r, or the lever, A, is also directly opposite this groove. The spring r prevents the point from resting upon the paper when the telegraph is not in operation." —Wells, 1857

Magnetic Telegraph

"Morse magnetic telegraph will be understood by reference to the accompanying diagram, which represents…

"The moderator lamp, invented by M. Franchot about 1836, from the simplicity and efficiency of its arrangements rapidly superseded about all other forms of mechanical lamps. The two essential features of the moderator lamp are (1) the strong spiral spring which, acting on a piston within the cylindrical reservoir of the lamp, serves to propel the oil to the burner, and (2) the ascending tube C through which the oil passes upwards to the burner. The latter consist of two sections, the lower fixed to and passing through the piston A into the oil reservoir, and the upper attached to the burner. The lower or piston section moves within the upper, which forms a sheath enclosing nearly its whole length when the spring is fully wound up." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Moderator Lamp

"The moderator lamp, invented by M. Franchot about 1836, from the simplicity and efficiency of its arrangements…

"A mountain and spring, showing how the principle of the syphon operates to produce the effect described. Suppose there is a crevice, or hollow in the rock from a to b, and a narrow fissure leading from it, in the form of the syphon, b c. The water from the rill fe, filling the hollow, up to the line a d, it will then discharge itself through the syphon, and continue to run until the water is exhausted down to the l g of the syphon b, when it will cease. Then the water from the rills continuing to run until the hollow is again filled up to the same line, the syphon again begins to act, and again discharges the contents of the reservoir as before, and thus the spring p, at one moment flows with great violence and the next moment ceases entirely." —Comstock, 1850

Intermitting Spring

"A mountain and spring, showing how the principle of the syphon operates to produce the effect described.…

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made electro-magnetic experiments, by the annexed diagram and description. The temporary magnet a, enveloped with its insulated copper wire, is fastened to the wooden frame b, g, by means of cords or otherwise. The frame also supports the standard h, which sustains the revolving drum f, on which the paper to receive the emblematical alphabet is fixed, m being the edge of the paper. To the arm g, is appended the lever c, of wood, which has a slight vertical motion, in one direction by the steel spring d, and in the other, by the armature of soft iron e." —Comstock, 1850

Morses Telegraph

"The machine itself is sufficiently simple, and will be comprehended at once, by those who have made…

"Pea weevil; adult. The pea weevil (Bruchus) is often found in peas in its larval state during summer and autumn, as a pupa in winter, and in the adult form in late spring, when it comes forth to lay its eggs on the pods of the growing peas. To find the weevil in the fall, soak peas in water for a day." —Davison, 1906

Pea Weevil

"Pea weevil; adult. The pea weevil (Bruchus) is often found in peas in its larval state during summer…

"Pea weevil; pupa. The pea weevil (Bruchus) is often found in peas in its larval state during summer and autumn, as a pupa in winter, and in the adult form in late spring, when it comes forth to lay its eggs on the pods of the growing peas. To find the weevil in the fall, soak peas in water for a day." —Davison, 1906

Pea Weevil

"Pea weevil; pupa. The pea weevil (Bruchus) is often found in peas in its larval state during summer…

"A plan of this slide; the divided drum of the screw is omitted for sale of clearness. The screw S has a shoulder at k, carefully fitted and ground to a bearing so as to work sweetly in a hole in the very strong spring o o; the other extremity of the screw is formed into a pivot, which fits a hole in the brass piece B B. The end of this pivot—hrdened, polished, and slightly rounded—rests on the flat surface of an agate a, which is imbedded in the end of the slide, and kept firmly in its place by the brass piece B B." —The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"A plan of this slide; the divided drum of the screw is omitted for sale of clearness. The screw S has…

Spring-tooth harrows, for working hard or medium-hard lands, and to follow the disc or Acme.

Harrows

Spring-tooth harrows, for working hard or medium-hard lands, and to follow the disc or Acme.

Spike-tooth and spring-tooth cultivators, to be used where harrows cannot be employed.

Cultivators

Spike-tooth and spring-tooth cultivators, to be used where harrows cannot be employed.

Suggestions for a border of spring flowers.

Border suggestions

Suggestions for a border of spring flowers.

A border of summer-flowering herbs.

Border suggestions

A border of summer-flowering herbs.

Tulips, the warmest of spring flowers

Tulips

Tulips, the warmest of spring flowers

Sweet Amarillis, by a spring's soft and soul murmuring's, Slept; and thus sleeping thither flew a robin-red-breast, who at view not seeing her at all to stir, brought leaves and moss to cover her.

Sweet Amarillis

Sweet Amarillis, by a spring's soft and soul murmuring's, Slept; and thus sleeping thither flew a robin-red-breast,…

A spring is a point where groundwater flows from the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface

Origin of Springs

A spring is a point where groundwater flows from the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets…

When the outlet tube of the reservoir is siphon-shaped, the discharge of the spring becomes <em>periodical</em>. The spring continues to discharge its waters for a time, and then stops flowing, even during wet weather. After a certain interval it again charges. The times during which the spring continues to discharge are always practically the same. Hence the spring is called a periodical spring.

Periodical Spring

When the outlet tube of the reservoir is siphon-shaped, the discharge of the spring becomes periodical.…

The flood tides are the highest, and the ebb tides are the lowest. These are called <em>spring tides</em>. They occur twice during every revolution of the moon-once at <em>full</em>, and once at <em>new</em> moon. When the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart, each produces a tide on the portion of the earth directly under it, diminishing somewhat produced by the other body. High tide, then, occurs under the moon, while the high tide caused by the sun, becomes by comparison, a low tide. Such tides are called <em>neap tides</em>.

Positions

The flood tides are the highest, and the ebb tides are the lowest. These are called spring tides.…

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the insect is hatched out the next spring, and feeds upon the sap of the tree. The first broods are all females, which in a short time, without any intercourse with the males, give birth to living young by the process of gemmation. These also produce other young ones, which are all females as long as the summer lasts, and it is only in the autumn that males are produced, which, uniting with the females, become the parents of the eggs for the following spring brood, thus bearing living young all the summer, and laying eggs which can withstand the frosts of the winter in autumn for the following spring season, while the parent insects in winter are destroyed by the wet and cold weather and alternate freezing and thawing.

Apple Plant Louse

The females deposit their eggs, which are small, oval, and black, on twigs and bark in the autumn; the…

A Podurid, or spring-tail, found on manure beds.

Podurid

A Podurid, or spring-tail, found on manure beds.

A spring with a bird in front of it.

Spring

A spring with a bird in front of it.

"The common spindle tree (<em>Euonymus europaeus</em>) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate leaves, and in late spring clusters of small greenish flowers, followed by fruits which become beautifully rose colored."—Finley, 1917

Spindle Tree

"The common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus) is a European shrub, which bears glossy lanceolate…

"This is done in the mechanism of the watch, of which a, is the barrel containing the power in the form of a convoluted spring, and b the fusee which acts as a varying lever, and through which motion is conveyed to the hands of the watch." -Comstock 1850

Barrel and Fusee

"This is done in the mechanism of the watch, of which a, is the barrel containing the power in the form…

"Firmly fasten one end of a piece of spring-brass wire, about No. 27 and about 1 m. long so that the wire hangs vertical. To the lower end of the wire fasten a weight of 75 or 100 g. To this weight attach a pointer so that it extends horizontally from the direction of the wire. Turn the weight througha considerable angle, thus twisting the wire. Release the weight, and notice the rapid movements of the pointer of the torsional pendulum." -Avery 1895

Torsional Pendulum

"Firmly fasten one end of a piece of spring-brass wire, about No. 27 and about 1 m. long so that the…

"Suspend two similar spring balances, A and B, from any convenient support, as shown. From the wooden rod carried by their hooks, suspend a known weight. Be sure that the dynamometers hang vertical, and therefore parallel. Record the reading of the dynamometers." -Avery 1895

Two Spring Balances

"Suspend two similar spring balances, A and B, from any convenient support, as shown. From the wooden…

"An apparatus designed to measure the elongation or contraction of a spring when attached to two scale-pans, with one immersed in water." -Avery 1895

Jolly Balance

"An apparatus designed to measure the elongation or contraction of a spring when attached to two scale-pans,…

"Grasp one end of a straight spring made of hickory or steel in one end of a vise, as shown. Pluck the free end of the spring so as to produce a vibratory motion. If the spring is long enough, the vibrations may be seen. Lower the spring in the vise to shorten the vibrating part of the rod, and pluck it again. The vibrations are reduced in amplitude, and increased in rapidity. Continued shortening of the spring will render the vibrations invisible and audible; the are lost to the eye, but revealed to the ear." -Avery 1895

Sound due to Vibrations

"Grasp one end of a straight spring made of hickory or steel in one end of a vise, as shown. Pluck the…

"An electric bell consists mainly of an electromagnet, E, and a vibrating armature that carries a hammer, H, that strikes a bell. One terminal of the magnet coils is connected to the binding-post, and the other terminal to the flexible support of the armature. The armature carries a spring that rests lightly against the tip of an adjustable screw at C. This screw is connected to the other binding-post. The bell is connected to a battery of 2 or 3 cells in series, a key, a push-button, P, or some other device for closing the circuit being placed in the line." -Avery 1895

Electric Bell

"An electric bell consists mainly of an electromagnet, E, and a vibrating armature that carries a hammer,…

"The Morse register is represented [here]. The armature, A , is supported at the end of a lever, and over the cores of the magnet bobbins, M. A spring, S, lifts the armature when the cores are demagnetized on the breaking of the circuit by the operator at the key. When A is pulled down by M, a style or pencil at P is pressed against R, a paper ribbon that is drawn along by clock work. this style may be made to record upon the paper a dot-and-dash communication sent by the operator at a key, perhaps hundreds of miles away." -Avery 1895

Morse Telegraph Register

"The Morse register is represented [here]. The armature, A , is supported at the end of a lever, and…

"If it be required to separate the helium which is often found in the gases given off by a thermal spring, they are subjected to the action of charcoal cooled with liquid air. The result is the absoption of the less volatile constituents, i.e., all except hydrogen and helium. The gaseous residue, with the additon of oxygen is then sparked, and the water thus formed is removed together with the excess oxygen to leave only helium." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica 1910

Apparatus Used to Seperate Volatile Gases

"If it be required to separate the helium which is often found in the gases given off by a thermal spring,…

"On the top of a short pillar is placed a card, and on the card a brass ball. Beside the pillar is fixed a steel spring, with an apparatus for drawing it back. If the spring is drawn back and the suddenly released, it will drive the card from the top of the pillar, while the ball in consequence of its inertia will retain its place." —Quackenbos 1859

Inertia Demonstration

"On the top of a short pillar is placed a card, and on the card a brass ball. Beside the pillar is fixed…

"A key is used to turn the cone, B. By doing so it wraps the chain around the cone and tightly coils the spring inside the barrel, A. The spring draws the chain off of the cone turning the barrel." &mdash;Quackenbos 1859

The Fusee

"A key is used to turn the cone, B. By doing so it wraps the chain around the cone and tightly coils…

"The push-button...is well known in connection with the electric bell: a brass spring which forms part of the circuit closing the opening when pressed by an insulating button of hard-rubber, porcelain, or fiber,&mdash;the whole inclosed in a cap made in a great variety of ornamental designs." -Atkinson 1903

Push Button

"The push-button...is well known in connection with the electric bell: a brass spring which forms part…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape, or reverse egg-shape. Apex - sometimes bristle-pointed. Base - slightly heart-shaped or rounded. Leaf - usually two to three inches long, somewhat downy when young, afterward very smooth above and below. Bark - of branches and twigs usually purplish-brown and very smooth. Flowers - large, white, in long and loose clusters at the ends of the branchlets; appearing before the leaves. April, May. Fruit - berry-like, round, purplish, sweet, and edible. June. Found - in woods and along streams; common at the North; rare in the South. General Information - A small tree, ten to thirty feet high, or in some of its numerous forms reduced to a low shrub; noticeable and showy in early spring because of its flowers. The variety A. C. oblongifolia, T. and G., differs somewhat from the above in the dimensions of the flowers and flower clusters, etc. The name "shad-bush" is given because the trees blossom about the time that the shad "run".

Genus Amelanchier, Medik (June-berry)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge very sharply and finely toothed. Outline - long oval, long egg-shape,…