A circle divided into eighths with three eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with three eighths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with three ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with three ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with three tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with three tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with three elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with three elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with three twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with three twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into fifths with four fifths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Fifths

A circle divided into fifths with four fifths shaded.

A circle divided into sixths with four sixths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Sixths

A circle divided into sixths with four sixths shaded.

A circle divided into sevenths with four sevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Sevenths

A circle divided into sevenths with four sevenths shaded.

A circle divided into eighths with four eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with four eighths shaded.

A circle divided into eighths with four eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with four eighths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with four ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with four ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with four tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with four tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with four elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with four elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with four twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with four twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into sixths with five sixths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Sixths

A circle divided into sixths with five sixths shaded.

A circle divided into sevenths with five sevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Sevenths

A circle divided into sevenths with five sevenths shaded.

A circle divided into eighths with five eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with five eighths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with five ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with five ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with five tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with five tenths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with five tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with five tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with five elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with five elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with five twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with five twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into sevenths with six sevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Sevenths

A circle divided into sevenths with six sevenths shaded.

A circle divided into eighths with six eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with six eighths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with six ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with six ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with six tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with six tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with six elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with six elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with six twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into eighths with seven eighths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Eighths

A circle divided into eighths with seven eighths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with seven ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with seven ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with seven tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with seven tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with seven elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with seven elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with seven twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with seven twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into ninths with eight ninths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Ninths

A circle divided into ninths with eight ninths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with eight tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with eight tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with eight elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with eight elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with eight twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with eight twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into tenths with nine tenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Tenths

A circle divided into tenths with nine tenths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with nine elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with nine elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with nine twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with nine twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into elevenths with ten elevenths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Elevenths

A circle divided into elevenths with ten elevenths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with ten twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with ten twelfths shaded.

A circle divided into twelfths with eleven twelfths shaded.

Fraction Pie Divided into Twelfths

A circle divided into twelfths with eleven twelfths shaded.

Oval with dotted vertical and horizontal lines that are lines of symmetry.

Lines of Symmetry, Oval With

Oval with dotted vertical and horizontal lines that are lines of symmetry.

An ellipse French curve, or irregular curve, is used to draw short elliptical radius curves by using points.

Ellipse Curve French Curves

An ellipse French curve, or irregular curve, is used to draw short elliptical radius curves by using…

A Logarithmic Spiral French curve, or irregular curve, is used to draw short elliptical radius curves by using points. The log curve is approximately closely shaped to a cycloid and other mathematical curves.

Logarithmic Spiral Curve French Curves

A Logarithmic Spiral French curve, or irregular curve, is used to draw short elliptical radius curves…

Compass beam is used for large circles a compass or a lengthening bar cannot draw.

Beam Compass

Compass beam is used for large circles a compass or a lengthening bar cannot draw.

Drop pen, or rivet pen, can make small circles faster than the bow pen. The pen is useful in bridge work, constructional work, and topographical drawing.

Drop Pen

Drop pen, or rivet pen, can make small circles faster than the bow pen. The pen is useful in bridge…

The little finger on the left hand can guide the needle point of the compass to the center.

Guiding Needle Point of Compass to Little Finger

The little finger on the left hand can guide the needle point of the compass to the center.

When drawing the circle, the compass is turned by the handle with the thumb and forefinger in a clockwise motion.

Drawing a Circle Using Compass

When drawing the circle, the compass is turned by the handle with the thumb and forefinger in a clockwise…

"Circles up to perhaps three inches in diameter may be drawn with the legs straight but for larger sizes both the needle-point and the pencil leg should be at the knuckle joints so as to be perpendicular to the paper." — French, 1911

Drawing Large Circles with Compass

"Circles up to perhaps three inches in diameter may be drawn with the legs straight but for larger sizes…

Lengthening bar is used to draw circles bigger than 10 inches.

Use of Lengthening Bar

Lengthening bar is used to draw circles bigger than 10 inches.

Bow instruments can be used for drawing small circles. Hold the the left hand and spin the nut in or out with the finger to avoid wear and stripping the thread. "Small adjustments should be made with one hand, with needle point in position on the paper." — French, 1911

Drawing Small Circles with Bow Instrument

Bow instruments can be used for drawing small circles. Hold the the left hand and spin the nut in or…

"Draw Horizontal line throuch center of space. On it mark off radii for six concentric circles 1/4" apart. In drawing concentric circles always draw the smallest first. The dotted circles are drawn in in pencil with long dashes, and inked as shown." —French, 1911

Drawing Concentric Circles with Compass

"Draw Horizontal line throuch center of space. On it mark off radii for six concentric circles 1/4"…

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with dividers. From these points draw radial lines and divide each into four equal parts with spacers. With these points as centers draw the semicircles as shown The radial lines are not to be inked." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent Arcs with Compass and Dividers

"Draw a circle three inches in diameter. Divide the circumference into five equal parts by trial with…

"On base AB, 3 1/2" long construct an equilateral triangle, using the 60-degree triangle. Bisect the angles with the 30-degree angle, extending the bisectors to the opposite sides. With these middle points of the sides as centers and radius equal to 1/2 the side, draw arcs cutting the bisectors. These intersection will be centers for the inscribed circles. With centers on the intersection of these circles and the bisectors, round off the points of the triangle as shown." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent Circles and Lines with Compass and Triangles

"On base AB, 3 1/2" long construct an equilateral triangle, using the 60-degree triangle. Bisect the…

"Draw one and one-half inch square about center of space. Divide AE into four 3/16" spaces, with scale. With bow pencil and centers A, B, C, D draw four semicircles with 3/8" radius and so on. Complete the figure by drawing the horizontal and vertical tangents as shown." —French, 1911

Drawing Tangent to Circle Arcs with Bow Compass

"Draw one and one-half inch square about center of space. Divide AE into four 3/16" spaces, with scale.…

"Draw the diagonals of the square. With the corners of the square as centers and radius of half the diagonal draw arcs intersecting the sides of the square and connect these points." —French, 1911

Inscribe Regular Octagon in Given Square

"Draw the diagonals of the square. With the corners of the square as centers and radius of half the…