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Left-hand side of steam spraying machine constructed by W. R. Gunnis, San Diego, Cal.

Left Side of Steam Spraying Machine

Left-hand side of steam spraying machine constructed by W. R. Gunnis, San Diego, Cal.

"One day there came marching into camp a regiment from Virginia, from the beautiful valley of the Shenandoah. It was commanded by Daniel Morgan. The men wore frocks trimmed with fur, and fur caps ornamented with buck-tails. On their breasts were the words uttered by Patrick Henry in the House of Burgesses in Virginia, 'Liberty or Death!' They were armed with rifles, and had marched all the weary way from beyond the Potomac, to have a hand in driving the British out of Boston. General Washington was riding out to inspect the intrenchments, and met the brave riflemen. General Morgan saluted the commander-in-chief. 'From the right bank of the Potomac, general!'"—Coffin, 1879

From the Right Bank of the Potomac

"One day there came marching into camp a regiment from Virginia, from the beautiful valley of the Shenandoah.…

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The hill at the right is Anthony's. The British artillery fired from both hills. Sullivan replied from the ditch in the foreground. The battle was down by the third fence, at the left hand of the view. A small brook winds along near the fence, and in the ravine was a belt of woods, where Greene posted his men."—Coffin, 1879

Butt's Hill, Looking South

"The view is taken from the American intrenchments on Butt's Hill. he windmill is on Quaker Hill. The…

A base-burner heater with the water pipes connected at the left-hand side.

Base-Burner Heater

A base-burner heater with the water pipes connected at the left-hand side.

A leaf which resembles a hand spreading its fingers.

Digitate Leaf

A leaf which resembles a hand spreading its fingers.

When divided, the leaf resembles a hand.

Palmate Leaf

When divided, the leaf resembles a hand.

"Two boys are represented as trying the experiment of touching a nettle. One of the boys has a brave and courageous disposition. He grasps the nettle with a firm and unflinching hand, and such is its nature that it will not sting him at all. The other boy, being rather cowardly, touches the nettle lightly with a tremulous hand, it stings him instantly and he cries out in pain."—Barber, 1857

The Brave Suffer Little, Cowards Much

"Two boys are represented as trying the experiment of touching a nettle. One of the boys has a brave…

"The sweating blacksmith here is seen to stand / Beside his forge, with hammer in his hand, / And while the fiery sparks are flying far, / With might and main he strikes the red-hot bar." —Barber, 1857

Strike While the Iron is Hot

"The sweating blacksmith here is seen to stand / Beside his forge, with hammer in his hand, / And while…

"The oak that lifts its stately head on high, / The tempest blast, and whirlwind will defy; / But a small ax, within the woodman's hand, / More powerful proves - its force it cannot stand; / By little strokes, quickly, and often made, / The giant monarch oak is lowly laid: / By feeble means, great wonders meet our eyes, / The forest falls, and splendid cities rise."—Barber, 1857

Little Strokes Fell Great Oaks

"The oak that lifts its stately head on high, / The tempest blast, and whirlwind will defy; / But a…

Maria Theresa was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions. She reigned over Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. She reigned from 1745 to 1765.

Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions. She reigned over Austria, Hungary,…

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790.

Joseph II

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790.

The second and last ruler of Brazil, reigning from 1831 to 1889.

Dom Pedro II of Brazil

The second and last ruler of Brazil, reigning from 1831 to 1889.

"This machine carried a number of spindles turned by cords or belts from the same wheel, and operated by hand. It was a very simple affair, but it spun at first eight threads then sixteen, and within the inventor's own lifetime eighty, thus doing the work of many spinning wheels."—Webster, 1920

Spinning Jenny

"This machine carried a number of spindles turned by cords or belts from the same wheel, and operated…

A machine which separated the seeds from raw cotton more rapidly than could be done by hand.

Whitney's Cotton Gin

A machine which separated the seeds from raw cotton more rapidly than could be done by hand.

"Grinding with a hand-mill in the fourteenth century, as pictured in an old manuscript."—Gordy, 1912

Grinding with a Handmill

"Grinding with a hand-mill in the fourteenth century, as pictured in an old manuscript."—Gordy, 1912

"There are instances mentioned, however, where even women performed the wager of battle; in which case, to equalize the conditions, the man was placed in a pit waist-deep, with his left hand tied behind his back."—Myers, 1905

Wager of Battle Between a Man and Woman

"There are instances mentioned, however, where even women performed the wager of battle; in which case,…

"Cosmas lived in the sixth Christian century. In the cut here reproduced from his Topography, he ridicules the idea of a round earth with people on the under side whose heads hand downwards. The views of Cosmas as to the existence of an antipodal people had defenders throughout the medieval centuries."—Myers, 1905

The Antipodes in Derision

"Cosmas lived in the sixth Christian century. In the cut here reproduced from his Topography, he ridicules…

Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 until his abdication in 1556.

Emperor Charles V

Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 until his abdication in 1556.

The fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, reigning from 1213 to 1203 BC.

Merneptah

The fourth ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, reigning from 1213 to 1203 BC.

"The king, a rude heroic figure, stands upright before the god. He holds a club in the left hand, in the right a sickle or crook, emblematic of the shepherd of his people. The right arm is bare; the left is covered by a richly fringed mantle, thrown twice round the body."—Webster, 1913

An Assyrian Statue

"The king, a rude heroic figure, stands upright before the god. He holds a club in the left hand, in…

"From a monument of the imperial age. The soldier wears a metal helmet, a leather doublet with shoulder-pieces, a metal-plated belt, and a sword hanging from a strap thrown over the left shoulder. His left hand holds a large shield, his right, a heavy javelin."—Webster, 1913

A Roman Legionary

"From a monument of the imperial age. The soldier wears a metal helmet, a leather doublet with shoulder-pieces,…

A portable hand drill.

Ratchet Drill

A portable hand drill.

"Shows how the bones of the arm (a), forearm (b), and hand (c), are twisted, and form a conical screw."—Pettigrew, 1874

Wing of Bird

"Shows how the bones of the arm (a), forearm (b), and hand (c), are twisted, and form a conical screw."—Pettigrew,…

"Under surface of large beetle, with deeply concave and comparatively small wings, shows that the nervures of the wings of the beetle are arranged along the anterior margins and throughout the substance of the wings generally, very much as the bones of the arm, forearm, and hand, are in the wings of the bat, to which they bear a very marked resemblance, both in their shape and mode of action."—Pettigrew, 1874

Large Beetle

"Under surface of large beetle, with deeply concave and comparatively small wings, shows that the nervures…

This early model washing machine was used to washing individual garments.

Machine, Washing

This early model washing machine was used to washing individual garments.

A cartoon of an older man carrying a large hourglass in one hand, and a knapsack in the other hand.

Man Carrying Hourglass

A cartoon of an older man carrying a large hourglass in one hand, and a knapsack in the other hand.

A cartoon of a woman holding a welcome mat in one hand, and a key in the other hand.

Cartoon of Woman Holding Welcome Mat

A cartoon of a woman holding a welcome mat in one hand, and a key in the other hand.

A cartoon of a judge sitting behind a podium with a handkerchief in one hand, a prosecutor standing on the opposite side of the podium.

Cartoon of Judge and Prosecutor

A cartoon of a judge sitting behind a podium with a handkerchief in one hand, a prosecutor standing…

A cartoon of a man holding an envelope in one hand and a steaming tea kettle in the other hand. A cat sits at his feet.

Cartoon of Man, Cat, and Tea Kettle

A cartoon of a man holding an envelope in one hand and a steaming tea kettle in the other hand. A cat…

A cartoon of two men at a desk. One man is sitting behind the desk, while the other is standing on the other side with a hat in one hand.

Cartoon of Two Men at a Desk

A cartoon of two men at a desk. One man is sitting behind the desk, while the other is standing on the…

Hand glasses are used as temporary coverings for plants that are too tender for being fully exposed.

Hand Glass

Hand glasses are used as temporary coverings for plants that are too tender for being fully exposed.

Illustrated is a hand of the fig banana. The fig banana is a variety of plantain. It is commonly found in Trinidad.

Fig Banana

Illustrated is a hand of the fig banana. The fig banana is a variety of plantain. It is commonly found…

Hand flower is the common name of chiranthodendron platanoides. The bright red stamens resemble the fingers of a human hand. The other common names are mano de mico, monkey's hand, and devil's hand.

Hand Flower

Hand flower is the common name of chiranthodendron platanoides. The bright red stamens resemble the…

Illustrated is a hand seed sower.

Seed Sower

Illustrated is a hand seed sower.

Illustrated is a wheel hoe to be used by hand.

Wheel Hoe

Illustrated is a wheel hoe to be used by hand.

Illustrated are various forms of hand hoes. At the top is a weeder and one form of scuffle hoe. The bottom left shows a common scuffle hoe; below it is a hand cultivator. Other special hoes are also pictured.

Hand Hoes

Illustrated are various forms of hand hoes. At the top is a weeder and one form of scuffle hoe. The…

A hand slicer used to cut large items used in the chemistry classroom. This slicer is similar to smaller ones used in cutting tobacco.

Draw Knife Slicer

A hand slicer used to cut large items used in the chemistry classroom. This slicer is similar to smaller…

A hand-generated rock crusher. Generally used to reduce rock to grainy substance in order to analyze it with greater accuracy.

Rock Crusher

A hand-generated rock crusher. Generally used to reduce rock to grainy substance in order to analyze…

An image of a right-hand frog, or overhead switch. Switches are used when a wire needs to branch off and merge into another wire.

Right-hand Frog

An image of a right-hand frog, or overhead switch. Switches are used when a wire needs to branch off…

A left-hand frog, or overhead switch. Switches are used when trolley wires branch off with another wire, like at intersections.

Left-hand Frog

A left-hand frog, or overhead switch. Switches are used when trolley wires branch off with another wire,…

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to let in water. The cup is placed on a pan of water. On top of the seeds is a cup with a piece of wood. On top of this is a three-corned file or iron piece that the iron bar will rest on. The bar is held at eyebolt a at one end. At the other end are iron weights. A ruler is placed at f and is marked where the bar crosses it. (Part of the outer cup is cut away to show the seeds.) When the seeds swell, the bar will rise, resulting in more weights being needed on the bar. At the end, a person ties rope to point b and lifts it to see if he/she can lift as much weight as the seeds.

Seed Swelling

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to…

The tea leaves are steamed until they reach a desirable fragrance. They are then rolled or kneaded by hand into balls.

Tea Balls

The tea leaves are steamed until they reach a desirable fragrance. They are then rolled or kneaded by…

A kuo basket is placed above a furnace to be hand-stirred by a worker in order to regulate the leaf temperature. Two other workers stoke the flames.

Tea Leaf Treatment

A kuo basket is placed above a furnace to be hand-stirred by a worker in order to regulate the leaf…

Hand cymbals, finger cymbals, and a tambourine.

Musical Instruments

Hand cymbals, finger cymbals, and a tambourine.

A gabion is an open cylinder made of brushwood, canvas, wire-netting, or iron bands used in fortification. Filled with loose earth, gabions are placed on end, in tiers, to form a wall behind which earth can be piled. They are usually constructed on location and made up of whatever materials are on hand.

Gabion

A gabion is an open cylinder made of brushwood, canvas, wire-netting, or iron bands used in fortification.…

A frontlet that is tied to the head during weekday morning prayers. <p>"That thou mightest fear The Lord thy God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments, which I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son's son, all the days of thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged ... And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes." Deuteronomy 6:1-8 KJV

Frontlet

A frontlet that is tied to the head during weekday morning prayers. "That thou mightest fear The Lord…

The Gauntlet is a piece of protective armor for the hand, dating back to the 12th century. The first gauntlets were leather covered gloves with an unarticulated metal back. They evolved from the chain mail bag, which , in the 12th century, terminated at the sleeves of the hauberk. The gauntlet of the 14th century had separate, but unjointed fingers. This gauntlet was superseded by the 'mitten'.

Gauntlet

The Gauntlet is a piece of protective armor for the hand, dating back to the 12th century. The first…

A glove used in the sport hawking, employed to protect ones hand and wrist from the talons and beak of the hawk rest on it.

Hawking Glove

A glove used in the sport hawking, employed to protect ones hand and wrist from the talons and beak…

This illustration shows the glove of Henry VI.

Glove of Henry VI

This illustration shows the glove of Henry VI.

A common glove of the 16th century.

16th Century Glove

A common glove of the 16th century.

A glove from the Elizabethan era.

Elizabethan Glove

A glove from the Elizabethan era.

This illustration shows the glove of Oliver Cromwell, a 17th century English military and political leader.

Glove of Oliver Cromwell

This illustration shows the glove of Oliver Cromwell, a 17th century English military and political…

This illustration shows a Georgian glove.

Georgian Glove

This illustration shows a Georgian glove.

This illustration shows a glove from the time of Napoleon I.

Glove from the Time of Napoleon I

This illustration shows a glove from the time of Napoleon I.

A glove from the middle 19th century.

Middle 19th Century Glove

A glove from the middle 19th century.

This illustration shows a glove of the present day.

Present Day (20th Century) Glove

This illustration shows a glove of the present day.

A looking glass, or small hand mirror.

Looking Glass

A looking glass, or small hand mirror.

This illustration shows the arrangement of loops in an ordinary web made on a hand-frame.

Arrangement of Loops in Ordinary Web made on Hand-frame

This illustration shows the arrangement of loops in an ordinary web made on a hand-frame.

A medal of Damascus, showing the turreted goddess holding out her right hand, a cornucopia in her left, and a river at her feet. The other side of the medal depicts her face close-up.

Medal of Damascus

A medal of Damascus, showing the turreted goddess holding out her right hand, a cornucopia in her left,…

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The other side exhibits a figure under Jupiter, holding thunder in one hand and a globe in the other. Opposite him is a heroic figure. In between them is the symbol of Gaza.

Medal of Gaza

Another medal of Gaza. On one side it shows the head of Emperor Commodus, with his name inscribed. The…