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Hypoxis erecta flowers are yellow and star shaped. Each scape has four flowers. The leaves are linear and taper to a point.

Scape and Leaf of Hypoxis Erecta

Hypoxis erecta flowers are yellow and star shaped. Each scape has four flowers. The leaves are linear…

The leaves of kaempferia gilbertii are tufted and deep green. The leaves are bordered by a band of white. The leaves have an oblong shape and taper to a point.

Kaempferia Gilbertii

The leaves of kaempferia gilbertii are tufted and deep green. The leaves are bordered by a band of white.…

Part A shows the tonguing or heeling method of layering. This method consists of cutting the branch half way through, below a bud, and making an incision in an upward direction towards the point. Part B shows layering by ringing. In this method the layer is bent down and secured with a peg.

Methods of Layering

Part A shows the tonguing or heeling method of layering. This method consists of cutting the branch…

This method of layering consists of cutting the branch half way through, below a bud, and making an incision in an upward direction towards the point.

Layering by Tonguing or Heeling

This method of layering consists of cutting the branch half way through, below a bud, and making an…

The common names of liatris are blazing star and button snake root. The spicata variety has purple flowers heads that grow in spikes six to fifteen inches long. The entire plant is one to two feet tall.

Habit and Detached Flower Head of Liatris Spicata

The common names of liatris are blazing star and button snake root. The spicata variety has purple flowers…

Cardinal flower is the common name of lobelia cardinalis. The flowers are scarlet. The leaves are oblong and taper at each point.

Flowering Stem of Cardinal Flower

Cardinal flower is the common name of lobelia cardinalis. The flowers are scarlet. The leaves are oblong…

Lupinus polyphyllus is a variety of lupine. The flowers are usually dark blue. There are eleven to fifteen leaflets which taper at each point and are hairy beneath.

Inflorescence and Upper Leaves of Lupinus Polyphyllus

Lupinus polyphyllus is a variety of lupine. The flowers are usually dark blue. There are eleven to fifteen…

The common name of ornithogalum is Star of Bethlehem. The nutans variety has flowers that are white on the upper side and green on the back. The scape is eight to twelve inches long.

Ornithogalum Nutans

The common name of ornithogalum is Star of Bethlehem. The nutans variety has flowers that are white…

Star of Bethlehem is the common name of ornithogalum. The pyramidale variety has pure white flowers marked with a green stripe on the back. The flowers are arranged in clone shaped clusters. The flower clusters are six to eight inches long.

Habit and Detached Single Flower of Ornithogalum Pyramidale

Star of Bethlehem is the common name of ornithogalum. The pyramidale variety has pure white flowers…

Star of Bethlehem is the common name of ornithogalum. The thyrsoides variety has yellow flowers that bloom in June. There are five to six leaves.

Leaves and Inflorescence of Ornithogalum Thyrsoides

Star of Bethlehem is the common name of ornithogalum. The thyrsoides variety has yellow flowers that…

The common name of ornithogalum umbellatum is Star of Bethlehem. The flowers are satiny white on the inside and green striped with white on the outside. The flowers bloom in May.

Ornithogalum Umbellatum

The common name of ornithogalum umbellatum is Star of Bethlehem. The flowers are satiny white on the…

The cones of pinus pyrenaica are about two and a half inches long. The cones are slightly curved and taper to a point.

Cone of Pinus Pyrenaica

The cones of pinus pyrenaica are about two and a half inches long. The cones are slightly curved and…

Pictured is a black spruce attacked by the dwarf mistletoe, <I>Arceuthobium pusillum</I>. This caused witches' brooms, which is the excessive branching at any point on a limb.

Black Spruce Attacked by Dwarf Mistletoe

Pictured is a black spruce attacked by the dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum. This caused witches'…

The leaves of <I>Aristolochia grandiflora</I> are heart shaped. The leaves taper to a point. The common names of aristolochia grandiflora are pelican flower, swan flower, goose flower, and duck flower.

Aristolochia Grandiflora

The leaves of Aristolochia grandiflora are heart shaped. The leaves taper to a point. The common names…

The common names of <I>Arnica montana</I> are mountain tobacco and mountain snuff. The plant is a foot high with a sparsely hairy stem. The leaves are oblong and taper to a point.

Arnica Montana

The common names of Arnica montana are mountain tobacco and mountain snuff. The plant is a foot high…

<I>Artabotrys uncinatus</I> is a climbing shrub with branches at a wide angle. The leaves are oblong and taper to a point. The flowers have six petals and are brownish red.

Artabotrys Uncinatus

Artabotrys uncinatus is a climbing shrub with branches at a wide angle. The leaves are oblong and taper…

The flowers of <I>Billardiera scandens</I> are greenish yellow, violet, or purple. The leaves are one to two inches long and have a recurved point. The stems are twining.

Billardiera Scandens

The flowers of Billardiera scandens are greenish yellow, violet, or purple. The leaves are one to two…

Illustrated is an echinocereus flower showing the radiate stigma. The emerald green star of the flower contrasts with the golden yellow or orange stamens, rising from a rosette of rose-purple petals.

Echinocereus Flower

Illustrated is an echinocereus flower showing the radiate stigma. The emerald green star of the flower…

Calochortus albus grows one to two feet tall. The flowers are round and closed. The flowers are delicately fringed with hairs.

Calochortus Albus

Calochortus albus grows one to two feet tall. The flowers are round and closed. The flowers are delicately…

Calochortus obispoensis is a tall, slender, and branching plant. The flower petals are yellow, verging to red at the tip. The sepals are orange brown.

Calochortus Obispoensis

Calochortus obispoensis is a tall, slender, and branching plant. The flower petals are yellow, verging…

Illustrated is the leaf of castanea dentata, a variety of chestnut. The leaf is oblong and tapers to a point. It is coarsely serrated.

Castanea Dentata

Illustrated is the leaf of castanea dentata, a variety of chestnut. The leaf is oblong and tapers to…

Illustrated is the leaf of castanea sativa, a variety of chestnut. The leaves are oblong and taper to a point. The leaves are rounded at the base.

Castanea Sativa

Illustrated is the leaf of castanea sativa, a variety of chestnut. The leaves are oblong and taper to…

Star apple and caimito are the common names of chrysophyllum cainito. The fruit is the size of an apple with a star shaped core. The fruit is eaten raw.

Star Apple

Star apple and caimito are the common names of chrysophyllum cainito. The fruit is the size of an apple…

Cineraria stellata is a popular form. It is a florists' variety. It has star-like single flowers.

Cineraria Stellata

Cineraria stellata is a popular form. It is a florists' variety. It has star-like single flowers.

The leaves of clivia miniata are sword shaped and taper to a point. There are twelve to twenty flowers in an umbel. The flowers are bright scarlet with a yellow throat.

Clivia Miniata

The leaves of clivia miniata are sword shaped and taper to a point. There are twelve to twenty flowers…

Shooting star is the common name of dodecatheon meadia The plant grows two feet tall and blooms in May and June. The flowers are rose colored and whitish at the base.

Shooting Star

Shooting star is the common name of dodecatheon meadia The plant grows two feet tall and blooms in May…

A shunt is an electrical component used to allow electric current to flow from one point to the circuit. Railway generators are usually provided with shunts. The shunt provided in the picture is made of German silver, which has a high resistance that remains through varying temperatures

Series-Field Shunt

A shunt is an electrical component used to allow electric current to flow from one point to the circuit.…

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to let in water. The cup is placed on a pan of water. On top of the seeds is a cup with a piece of wood. On top of this is a three-corned file or iron piece that the iron bar will rest on. The bar is held at eyebolt a at one end. At the other end are iron weights. A ruler is placed at f and is marked where the bar crosses it. (Part of the outer cup is cut away to show the seeds.) When the seeds swell, the bar will rise, resulting in more weights being needed on the bar. At the end, a person ties rope to point b and lifts it to see if he/she can lift as much weight as the seeds.

Seed Swelling

A method of finding the swelling capacity of seeds. Dry beans are placed in a clay cup with holes to…

Finding the center of gravity of a parallelogram. The point of intersection C is the center of gravity.

Center of Gravity

Finding the center of gravity of a parallelogram. The point of intersection C is the center of gravity.

The center of gravity of a triangle is the point of intersection O of the midpoint lines.

Center of Gravity

The center of gravity of a triangle is the point of intersection O of the midpoint lines.

The center of gravity C of a solid object that is capable of movement is in vertical line drawn through the point of support.

Center of Gravity

The center of gravity C of a solid object that is capable of movement is in vertical line drawn through…

The part of the pipe that is above the highest piston travel point is the delivery pipe and the part at the lowest point is the suction pipe. This is a larger scale of a lifting pump.

Delivery Pipe

The part of the pipe that is above the highest piston travel point is the delivery pipe and the part…

A hydraulic ram. It is used to raise the level of water from a point below water level of a spring to a point that is higher and has no power other than that of that caused by the inertia of the moving water.

Hydraulic Ram

A hydraulic ram. It is used to raise the level of water from a point below water level of a spring to…

A Marmon double three-point support.

Three-point Support

A Marmon double three-point support.

A platform spring of an old fashioned car. Also called a three-point suspended spring. It was one of the latest improvements of the twentieth century

Platform Spring

A platform spring of an old fashioned car. Also called a three-point suspended spring. It was one of…

This net employs a 'Leader', 'Heart', 'Fore Bay', and 'Pound'. Each of these apparatus are constructed with a fence 15 to 18 feet deep. The Heart resembles the figure of the same name, and is placed so that the Leader passes into the notch a few feet. The Fore Bay (often omitted) is a second heart-shaped enclosure built on from the point of the heart. The Pound is a large circular net covering the bottom and sides of the enclosure into which there is only one entrance from the Fore Bay or Heart. This illustration shows the Leader at right, the Heart in the middle, and the Pound at left.

Pound Net

This net employs a 'Leader', 'Heart', 'Fore Bay', and 'Pound'. Each of these apparatus are constructed…

Fucus is the generic name of various species of brown seaweed which form the main vegetation of rocky shores between tide marks. Most common of all is F. vesiculosus (Rockweed, Bladderweed, sea wave, etc.), easily distinguished by its entire edges and paired air vesicles. On account of the large proportion of ash it forms a valuable manure. Besides manure, the only direct chemical utilization of of the Fuci is for the preparation of Iodine. The vegetative body of Fucus is usually a thallus; the branching is dichotomous in one plane. Of the inner, or medullary, cells of the thallus, the outer wall becomes mucilaginous, while the less superficial of the rind cells develop filaments which grow inward, thus surrounding the inner cells within a network of filaments. The ladders are formed by the simple separation of portions of the tissue, the cavities becoming distended by air. Fertilization takes place when the ripe, fertile fronds are left bare by the tide. The fertilized ovum soon develops a wall, becomes attached, and proceeds to divide and lengthen, forming a root-like attachment at one end, a growing point at the other. This illustration shows a Fucus, 1) a cross-section of a fertile frond, 2) a female conceptacle, 3) a male conceptacle, and 4) Zoospores and Antheridia.

Fucus

Fucus is the generic name of various species of brown seaweed which form the main vegetation of rocky…

Also known as a Solan Goose (Sula bassana), the Gannet is a large marine bird which nests in scattered localities in most parts of the world. Its specific name refers to the fact that it has long been a denizen of Bass Rock -- a famous craggy islet on the coast of England. This bird also nests on Bird Rock in the gulf of St. Lawrence, and other species exist in the tropics. It belongs to the same sub-order as the cormorant, and may be recognized by the fact that, as in the latter, all four toes are united by a web. Its bill is long, strong, and compressed to a point. In adult life, the plumage is white, save for the black primaries and a buff patch on the head or neck; the young are dusky, and do not acquire the white plumage until their sixth year. Their nests contain only one egg.

Gannet

Also known as a Solan Goose (Sula bassana), the Gannet is a large marine bird which nests in scattered…

This illustration shows a head of a Gems'bok. A Gems'bok (Oryx Gazella) is a species of South African antelope. It is a heavy, stout animal, about the size of a stag, with rough, reversed hair on the neck and along the ridge of the back; large pointed ears; and almost perfectly straight horns in the plane of the forehead, little diverging, and ringed for about half their length. These horns have been known to reach a length of 47 1/2 inches. The gems'bok was, at one point, close to extinction.

Head of Gems'bok

This illustration shows a head of a Gems'bok. A Gems'bok (Oryx Gazella) is a species of South African…

The highest point of a mountain, formed by convergent tectonic plate movement. Distinguishable from a peak in that the upper slopes are steep.

Mountain Peak

The highest point of a mountain, formed by convergent tectonic plate movement. Distinguishable from…

A Hollow is a land form where land falls on all sides to a minimum point.

Hollow

A Hollow is a land form where land falls on all sides to a minimum point.

Layering is a method of plant propagation by which a part of the plant is bent down and covered with soil, so that it may emit roots before being separated from the parent plant. in some instances, it is sufficient to remove all buds from the shoot, with the exception of a few near its extremity, and to bend it and peg it down so that a part of its proximal end is buried beneath the soil. In others it is necessary partly to cut through the stem at the point where it is to be covered with soil.

Layering Method of Plant Propagation

Layering is a method of plant propagation by which a part of the plant is bent down and covered with…

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath of oak and laurel. On the obverse appears the female head personifying France, and the words, 'République Française'; on the reverse, two tricolors, and the motto, 'Honneur et Patrie'. The Legion of Honor is a French order of merit, created in 1802 by Napoleon, when first consul, with the view of specially marking exploits and services in the military and civil departments. Napoleon himself was first grandmaster.

Cross of the Legion of Honor

The Cross of the Legion of Honor is a decoration composed of a star of five double rays, with a wreath…

A Lemniscate is, in general, a curve generated by a point moving so that the product of its distances from two fixed points is the square of half the distance between the points. It is a particular case of the Cassinian oval and resembles a figure 8. When the line joining the two fixed points is the axis of x and the middle point of this line is the origin, the Cartesian equation is the fourth degree equation, (((x^2)+(y^2))^2)=2(a^2)((x^2)-(y^2)). The polar equation is (ℽ^2) = 2(a^2)cos(2θ). The locus of the feet of the perpendiculars from the center of an equilateral hyperbola to its tangents is a lemniscate. The name lemniscate is sometimes given to any crunodal symmetric quartic curve having no infinite branch. The name is also sometimes given to a general class of curves derived from other curves in the way that the above is derived from the equilateral hyperbola. With these more general definitions of the lemniscate the above curve is called the lemniscate of Bernoulli.

Lemniscate

A Lemniscate is, in general, a curve generated by a point moving so that the product of its distances…

This illustration shows a Surveyor's, or Y-level. In use, the telescope is set perfectly horizontal and pointed back at a rod placed vertically at the starting point. The rod is graduated and after a reading has been taken of the height above the ground cut by the cross wires of the telescope, it is moved to a point forward of the instrument, which is then revolved in a horizontal plane and a reading taken of the rod in its new position. The difference in level is obtained from the difference in readings of the two points, and subsequent readings are taken by removing the level, sighting on the rod in its second position, and then repeating the operation, the readings in this case being recorded.

Surveyor's Level

This illustration shows a Surveyor's, or Y-level. In use, the telescope is set perfectly horizontal…

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril; 8, point of nose; 9, lips; 10, nether jaw; 11, cheek; 12, poll; 13, mane; 14, withers; 15, parotid glands; 16, throat; 17, neck; 18, jugular vein; 19, shoulder; 20, breast; 21, ribs; 22, back; 23, loins; 24, hip; 25, flank; 26, belly; 27, haunch; 28, thigh; 29, buttock; 30, stifle; 31, leg; 32, tail; 33, hock or hough; 34, cannon or shank bone; 35, arms; 36, knees; 37, passage for girth; 38, elbow; 39, shank; 40, bullet; 41, pasterns; 42, coronet; 43, foot; 44, hoof; 45, fetlock.

Horse

The anatomy of a horse. 1, ears; 2, forelock; 3, forehead; 4, eyes; 5, eye-pits; 6, nose; 7, nostril;…

A tutor is seated in a chair as he talks to his young female student. The tutor is wearing pince-nez style glasses and gesturing with his left hand to make a point. Perhaps he is admonishing the young girl because she has her head tilted down and looks sad. The girl holds a book, while other books are strewn on the floor.

Girl with Tutor

A tutor is seated in a chair as he talks to his young female student. The tutor is wearing pince-nez…

Showing how to find points on a coordinate plane. Also, shows an example of the midpoint formula.

Point Ratio

Showing how to find points on a coordinate plane. Also, shows an example of the midpoint formula.

Finding the equation of a line drawn through a given point at a given direction.

Given Point

Finding the equation of a line drawn through a given point at a given direction.

Finding the equation of the normal at any point on a circle.

Normal Equation

Finding the equation of the normal at any point on a circle.

Tangent lines are drawn from a given external point to a circle. The equation is found by joining their points of contact

Chord Equation

Tangent lines are drawn from a given external point to a circle. The equation is found by joining their…

Example of an equation with a given external point.

Equation Example

Example of an equation with a given external point.

If the chords of a circle are drawn through a fixed point, then the points of intersection of the pairs of tangents at the extremities of the chords will all lie on a fixed straight line.

Polar Property

If the chords of a circle are drawn through a fixed point, then the points of intersection of the pairs…

Constructing the polar of a given point P with respect to a circle.

Polar of Point

Constructing the polar of a given point P with respect to a circle.

Finding the length of a tangent from a given point to a circle.

Tangent Length

Finding the length of a tangent from a given point to a circle.

Grinding point of side tool.

Side Tool Grinding

Grinding point of side tool.

Grinding the top of diamond-point tool.

Diamond-Point Tool Grinding

Grinding the top of diamond-point tool.

Grinding side face of diamond-point tool.

Diamond Point Tool Grinding

Grinding side face of diamond-point tool.

Measuring thin work with dial gauge A attached to a special, inclined stand B for quick reading. The needle of indicator C is set at zero when measuring paint D is in contact with the face of the stand. To gauge work, raise point D by lever E. Place work F under the spindle and lower point to work by releasing lever E. The reading on the dial gives the exact thickness of the disk.

Dial Gauge Used for Measuring Work

Measuring thin work with dial gauge A attached to a special, inclined stand B for quick reading. The…

Testing thickness of flanges with universal dial indicator. The indicator A clamped to rod B is set for measuring the error of work C. With the contact point D touching a standard gauge black or standard piece of work, the needle is set to zero. When the work in moved beneath the gauge, the needle shows the amount of oversize or undersize.

Testing Thickness

Testing thickness of flanges with universal dial indicator. The indicator A clamped to rod B is set…