ClipArt ETC
"Tips of leaves. a, acuminate or taper-pointed; b, acute; c, obtuse; d, truncate; e, retuse; f, emarginate or notched; g (end leaflet), obcordate; h, cuspidate, - the point sharp and rigid; i, mucronate, - the point merely a prolongation of the midrib." -Bergen, 1896

Leaf Tips

"Tips of leaves. a, acuminate or taper-pointed; b, acute; c, obtuse; d, truncate; e, retuse; f, emarginate…

"A, Shapes of bases of leaves; B, Peltate leaf of Tropaeolum. 1, heart-shaped; 2, arrow-shaped; 3, halberd-shaped." -Bergen, 1896

Leaf Bases

"A, Shapes of bases of leaves; B, Peltate leaf of Tropaeolum. 1, heart-shaped; 2, arrow-shaped; 3, halberd-shaped."…

"Shapes of margins of leaves. a (1), finely serrate; (2), coarsely serrate; (3), doubly serrate. b (1), finely dentate; (2), sinuate dentate; (3), doubly dentate. c, deeply sinuate. d, wavy. e (1), crenate or scalloped; (2), doubly crenate." -Bergen, 1896

Leaf Margins

"Shapes of margins of leaves. a (1), finely serrate; (2), coarsely serrate; (3), doubly serrate. b (1),…

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

Cacao

The fruit, flower, and leaves of the cacao tree.

Leaves and flowers of the cinnamon plant.

Cinnamon

Leaves and flowers of the cinnamon plant.

The leaves and cones of the cypress tree.

Cypress Leaves and Cones

The leaves and cones of the cypress tree.

"The cocoa, or as it should be written,cacao, tree is an evergreen, and it said to bear some resemblance to a young cherry-tree; the leaves are large and simple, the flowers grow in clusters, the pods are not unlike cucumbers in form, and of a yellowish red color; they contain from twenty to thirty nuts." -Lupton

Cacao Tree

"The cocoa, or as it should be written,cacao, tree is an evergreen, and it said to bear some resemblance…

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little is as a timber tree, the wood being spongy." -Lupton

The Gutta-percha tree

"It is a very large tree, the trunk being sometimes three feet in diameter, although it is of little…

"An evergreen of the laurel family, having glossy leaves and bearing clusters of yellowish flowers, which are succeeded by branches of fruit resembling black currants." -Lupton

Camphor Tree

"An evergreen of the laurel family, having glossy leaves and bearing clusters of yellowish flowers,…

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height of fifty or sixty feet, and then expands into a beautiful crown of leaves.

Date Tree

"The date is the fruit of a tall and graceful palm which shoots up a single straight stem to height…

"This tree, a native of India, is remarkable for its vast branches. It is a species of fig; has ovate, heart-shaped, entire leaves, about five or six inches long, and produces a fruit of a rich scarlet, not larger than a cherry, growing in pairs from the axils of the leaves." -Lupton

Banyan Tree

"This tree, a native of India, is remarkable for its vast branches. It is a species of fig; has ovate,…

"Called the Indian fig. The opuntia is a fleshly and succulent plant, destitute of leaves, covered with clusters of spines, and consisting of flattened joints inserted upon each other." -Marshall

Prickly Pear Cactus

"Called the Indian fig. The opuntia is a fleshly and succulent plant, destitute of leaves, covered with…

In architecture, an opening or a panel dividing by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly the leaf-shaped figure formed by the cusps. It is an ornament which has been supposed to represents the four leaves of a cruciform flower, and is common in the tracery of Gothic windows.

Quatrefoil Architecture

In architecture, an opening or a panel dividing by cusps or foliations into four leaves, or more correctly…

This gigantic flower, one of the marvels of the vegetable world, was discovered in the interior Sumatra by Sir. T Raffles and Dr. Arnold. The whole plant seems to consist of little else beyond the flower and root.

Raffle'sia Flower

This gigantic flower, one of the marvels of the vegetable world, was discovered in the interior Sumatra…

Leaf arrangements: left, alternate arrangement; right, opposite arrangement.

Leaf Arrangements

Leaf arrangements: left, alternate arrangement; right, opposite arrangement.

"Marginal forms of leaves: a- serrate, or saw-toothed. b- dentate, or toothed. c- crenate, or scalloped. d- repand, undulate, or wavy. e- sinuate. f- incised, cut or jagged." -Foster, 1921

Leaf Margins

"Marginal forms of leaves: a- serrate, or saw-toothed. b- dentate, or toothed. c- crenate, or scalloped.…

Two examples of leaf venation: left, parallel veining; right, netted veining.

Leaf Veins

Two examples of leaf venation: left, parallel veining; right, netted veining.

Leaves, flowers, and seeds from the Logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum).

Logwood

Leaves, flowers, and seeds from the Logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum).

The maidenhair fern or Adiantum.

Maidenhair Fern

The maidenhair fern or Adiantum.

The leaves, flowers, and fruit of the mango tree.

Mango

The leaves, flowers, and fruit of the mango tree.

The fruit and leaves of a mulberry tree or Morus.

Mulberry

The fruit and leaves of a mulberry tree or Morus.

A small cruciferous plant, growing in arid Arabia and Palestine. When full grown and ripe its leaves drop and it becomes rolled up like a ball in the dry season, but opens its branches and seed vessels when it comes in contact with moisture.

Illustration of Roots and Jericho Rose

A small cruciferous plant, growing in arid Arabia and Palestine. When full grown and ripe its leaves…

The mistletoe, a parasitic plant more well-known as a Christmas decoration.

Mistletoe

The mistletoe, a parasitic plant more well-known as a Christmas decoration.

Muscles on the front of the arm. Note the white cords, the tendons at the wrist.

Muscles of the Arm

Muscles on the front of the arm. Note the white cords, the tendons at the wrist.

A transverse section of the neck. The separate muscles as they are arranged in layers, with their investing fascia. The figures in white space represent fascia (sheath); other figures are muscles. Labels: 12, trachea; 13, esophagus, 14, carotid artery and jugular vein; 28, one of the bones of the spinal column.

The Transverse Section of the Neck

A transverse section of the neck. The separate muscles as they are arranged in layers, with their investing…

"Cross-sections of leaves of an oak (Quercus novimexicana), showing the effect of different light conditions on the internal anatomy. 1, from leaf growing in sunlight; 2, from leaf growing in the shade." -Gager, 1916

Oak Leaf Cross-Section

"Cross-sections of leaves of an oak (Quercus novimexicana), showing the effect of different light conditions…

"Effect of removal of a leaflet from a palmately compound leaf (e.g. Woodbine). B, normal leaf; C, after removal of upper right-hand leaflet. A, Unbroken lines represent average normal position of leaflets; dotted lines, average position of leaflets after operation; barred line, position of leaflet removed." -Gager, 1916

Leaflet Removal

"Effect of removal of a leaflet from a palmately compound leaf (e.g. Woodbine). B, normal leaf; C, after…

"Fern leaves, showing various degrees of subdivision or branching of the blade. A, Phyllitis; B, Polypodium; C, Pteris; D, Adiantum." -Gager, 1916

Fern Leaves

"Fern leaves, showing various degrees of subdivision or branching of the blade. A, Phyllitis; B, Polypodium;…

"Adder's tongue fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum L.). R, runner or stolon." -Gager, 1916

Southern Adderstongue

"Adder's tongue fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum L.). R, runner or stolon." -Gager, 1916

By pricking the end of the finger with a needle, we can obtain a drop of blood for examination. Place it on the slide, cover with a glass, and put it under a microscope. The red disks will be seen to group themselves in rows, while the white disk will seem to draw apart, and to be constantly changing their form. After gradual evaporation, the crystals may be seen.

Blood Crystals

By pricking the end of the finger with a needle, we can obtain a drop of blood for examination. Place…

A spinal nerve. Labels: P, posterior root of a spinal nerve; G, ganglion; A, anterior root; S, spinal nerve. The white portion of the figure represents the white fibers; and the dark, the gray.

Spinal Nerve

A spinal nerve. Labels: P, posterior root of a spinal nerve; G, ganglion; A, anterior root; S, spinal…

Fibrous tissue of cornea, showing bundles of fibers with a few scattered fusiform cells (A) lying in the interfascicular spaces.

Fibrous tissue of Cornea

Fibrous tissue of cornea, showing bundles of fibers with a few scattered fusiform cells (A) lying in…

Mature white fibrous tissue of tendon, consisting mainly of fibers with a few scattered fusiform cells.

White Fibrous Tissue of the Tendon

Mature white fibrous tissue of tendon, consisting mainly of fibers with a few scattered fusiform cells.

The branched character of the cells is seen. Shown is a transverse section from a cross section of the tail of a rabbit, showing sheath, fibrous septa, and branched connective tissue corpuscles. The spaces left white in the drawing represent the tendinous fibers in transverse section.

Branched Tendon Cells

The branched character of the cells is seen. Shown is a transverse section from a cross section of the…

White fibrocartilage is composed of both cells and a matrix, but is almost exclusively composed of fibers resembling those of white fibrous tissue.

White Fibrocartilage

White fibrocartilage is composed of both cells and a matrix, but is almost exclusively composed of fibers…

White fibrocartilage from an intervertebral ligament.

White Fibrocartilage

White fibrocartilage from an intervertebral ligament.

Gray, pale, or gelatinous nerve fibers. A. From a branch of olfactory nerve of the sheep: two dark bordered or white fibers from the fifth pair are associated with the pale olfactory fibers. B. From the sympathetic nerve.

Gelatinous Nerve Fibers

Gray, pale, or gelatinous nerve fibers. A. From a branch of olfactory nerve of the sheep: two dark bordered…

Several fibers of a bundle of medullated nerve fibers acted upon by silver nitrate to show peculiar behavior of nodes of Ranvier, N, towards this reagent. The silver has penetrated at the nodes, and has stained the axis cylinder, M, for a short distance. S, the white substance.

Behavior of the Nodes of Ranvier

Several fibers of a bundle of medullated nerve fibers acted upon by silver nitrate to show peculiar…

The illustration exhibits the typical characters of the red blood cells in the main divisions of Vertbrata. The fractions are those of an inch, and represent the average diameter. In the case of the oval cells, only the long diameter is here given. It is remarkable, that although the size of the red blood cells varies so much in the different classes of the vertebrate kingdom, that of the white corpuscles remains comparatively uniform, and thus are, in some animals, much greater, in others much less than the red corpuscles existing side by side with them.

Red Blood Cells in Vertebrata

The illustration exhibits the typical characters of the red blood cells in the main divisions of Vertbrata.…

Macrophages containing bacilli and other structures supposed to be undergoing digestion.

Macrophages

Macrophages containing bacilli and other structures supposed to be undergoing digestion.

Section of gray matter of anterior cornu of a calf's spinal cord; a, nerve fibers of white matter in transverse section, showing axis cylinder in the center of each; r, large stellate nerve cells with nuclei and three prolongations.

Gray Matter of Spinal Cord

Section of gray matter of anterior cornu of a calf's spinal cord; a, nerve fibers of white matter in…

Section of a spinal cord, one half of which shows the tracts of the white matter, and the other half (right) shows the position of the nerve cells in the gray matter. 7, 10, 9, and 3 are tracts of descending degeneration, 1, 4, 6, and 8, of the ascending degeneration.

Section of the Spinal Cord

Section of a spinal cord, one half of which shows the tracts of the white matter, and the other half…

The cerebellum in section and fourth ventricle, with the neighboring parts. Labels: 1, median groove of fourth ventricle, ending below in the calamus scriptorius, with the longitudinal eminence formed by the fasciculi teretes, one on each side; 2, the same groove, at the place where the white streaks of th auditory nerve emerge from it to cross the floor of the ventricle; 3, in inferior crus or peduncle of the cerebellum, formed by the restiform body; 4, posterior pyramid; above this is the calamus scriptorius; 5, superior crus of cerebellum, or processus e cerebello ad cerebrum( or ad testes); 6, fillet to the side of the crura cerebri; 7, lateral grooves of the crura cerebri; 8, corpora quadrigemina.

The Cerebrum and Fourth Ventricle of the Brain

The cerebellum in section and fourth ventricle, with the neighboring parts. Labels: 1, median groove…

Outline sketch of a section of the cerebellum, showing the corpus dentatum. The section has been carried through the left lateral part of the pons, so as to divide the superior peduncle and pass nearly through the middle of the left cerebellar hemisphere. The olivary body has also been divided longitudinally so as to expose in section its corpus dentatum. c r, crus cerebri; f, fillet; q, corpora quadrigemina; s p, superior peduncle of the cerebellum divided; m p, middle peduncle or lateral part of the pons Varolii, with fibers passing from it into the white stem; a v, continuation of the white stem radiating towards the arbor vitae of the folia; c d, corpus dentatum; o, olivary body with its corpus dentatum; p, anterior pyramid.

The Cerebellum of the Brain

Outline sketch of a section of the cerebellum, showing the corpus dentatum. The section has been carried…

Vertical section of dog's cerebellum. Labels: p m, pia mater; p, corpuscles of Purkinje, which are branched nerve cells lying in a single layer and sending single processed downwards and more numerous ones upwards, which branch continuously and extend through the deep "molecular layer" towards the free surface; g, dense layer of ganglionic corpuscles., closely resembling nuclear layers of retina; f, layer of nerve fibers, with a few scattered ganglionic corpuscles. This last layer (f) constitutes part of the white matter of the cerebellum, while the layer between it and the free surface are gray matter.

Cerebellum of Dog's Brain

Vertical section of dog's cerebellum. Labels: p m, pia mater; p, corpuscles of Purkinje, which are branched…

"Regeneration at the leaf-base of potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum). a, roots formed; b, tuber-like enlargement; c, same as b, with roots; d, formation of true tuber." -Gager, 1916

Potato Root Stages

"Regeneration at the leaf-base of potato leaves (Solanum tuberosum). a, roots formed; b, tuber-like…

"Wild senna (Cassia marilandica)." -Gager, 1916

Wild Senna

"Wild senna (Cassia marilandica)." -Gager, 1916

"Broccoli (leaves and flowers both used)." -Gager, 1916

Broccoli

"Broccoli (leaves and flowers both used)." -Gager, 1916

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. A species common to the Atlantic coast. It's white or fawn-colored shell being hollowed out into twenty-six furrows, forming so many corrugated ripples on the side. It is considered good for food."

Cardium Edulis (Linnaeus)

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. A species common to the Atlantic…

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. An exotic species which inhabits the coast of Guinea and Senegal, the shell of which, white and fragile, is much sought after by collectors."

Cardium Costatum (Linnaeus)

"The familiar cockles are among the most widely distributed of shells. An exotic species which inhabits…

Vertical section of area pellucida and area opaca (left extremity of figure) of blastoderm of a fresh laid egg (unincubated). Labels: S, superficial layer corresponding to epiblast; D, deeper layer, corresponding to hypoblast; and probably in part to mesoblast; M, large "formative cells," filled with yolk granules, and lying on the floor of the segmentation cavity; A, the white yolk immediately underlying the segmentation cavity.

Blastoderm of an Egg

Vertical section of area pellucida and area opaca (left extremity of figure) of blastoderm of a fresh…

Vertical section of blastoderm of chick (1st day of incubation). S, epiblast consisting of short columnar cells; D, hypoblast, consisting of a single layer of flattened cells; M, formative cells." They are seen on the right of the figure, passing in between the epiblast and hypoblast to form the mesoblast; A, white yolk granules. Many of the large "formative cells" are seen containing these granules.

Blastoderm of a Chick

Vertical section of blastoderm of chick (1st day of incubation). S, epiblast consisting of short columnar…

Diagram of development of spinal cord. Labels: c, central canal; af, anterior fissure; pf, posterior fissure; g, gray matter; w, white matter.

Development of the Spinal Cord

Diagram of development of spinal cord. Labels: c, central canal; af, anterior fissure; pf, posterior…

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Rusty lines and dots appear on the leaves, which are masses of spores called summer spores.

Summer Spores (Uredospores) on Wheat

These are very destructive parasites that attack valuable crops. Rusty lines and dots appear on the…

The larva is the stage right after the eggs are laid. In this stage, the larva is white and legless.

Red Wood Ant Larva

The larva is the stage right after the eggs are laid. In this stage, the larva is white and legless.

"The Marbled Turbo is the largest shell in the group. It is marbled green, white and brown outside, and superbly nacred inside."

Turbo Marmoratus (Linnaeus)

"The Marbled Turbo is the largest shell in the group. It is marbled green, white and brown outside,…

"The Episcopal Miter, from the Indian ocean is white, ornamented with square spots of a fine red, and capable of high polish. It emits a purple liquid, having a nauseous odor, when irritated."

Mitra Episcopalis (Lamarck)

"The Episcopal Miter, from the Indian ocean is white, ornamented with square spots of a fine red, and…

An illustration of an electric bell. "The magnetizing coils are a a, and they are connected with their terminals at binding posts b1, b2. When these binding posts are connected with the electric current and the circuit is closed, the armature, at d, will be attracted, and will push the hammer e upon the bell. When the armature is attracted, the spring f leaves the screw contact g, against which it rests." -Foster, 1921

Electric Bell

An illustration of an electric bell. "The magnetizing coils are a a, and they are connected with their…

The leaves and fruit of the elm tree.

Elm Leaves and Fruit

The leaves and fruit of the elm tree.

"The Angel-winged is shown [here]. It is veined with stripes of white and red, and comes from the coasts of Asia and America."

Strombus Gallus (Linn.)

"The Angel-winged is shown [here]. It is veined with stripes of white and red, and comes from the coasts…