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"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella; the two lower are epidermo-muscular cells from the base of a tentacle; the upstanding nucloated portion forms part of the epidermal mosaic on the free surface of the body." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Muscular Cells

"Muscular cells of medusae (Lizzia). The uppermost is a purely muscular cell from the sub-umbrella;…

"Surface view of the sub-umbrella or oral aspect of Aurelia aurita, to show the position of the openings of the sub-genital pits, GP. In the center is the mouth, with four perradial arms corresponding to its angles. The four sub-genital pits are seen to be interradial. x indicates the outline of the roof of a sub-genital pit; y, the outline of its floor or oral limit, in which is the opening." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Surface view of the sub-umbrella or oral aspect of Aurelia aurita, to show the position of the openings…

"A, a hydriform person giving rise to medusiform persons by budding from the margin of the disc; B, free swimming medusa (Steenstrupia of Forbes) detached from the same, with manubrial genitalia (Anthomedusae) and only one tentacle." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Corymorpha

"A, a hydriform person giving rise to medusiform persons by budding from the margin of the disc; B,…

"Diagram of a colony of Campanularia, showing four forms of persons. A, portion of a fixed colony; a, hydriform person; b, bud-bearing hydriform person (blastostyle); B, free-swimming colony, being sexless medusiform person (blastoscheme of Allmen), with modified medusiform persons budding from its radiating canals, as sporosacs." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Campanularia

"Diagram of a colony of Campanularia, showing four forms of persons. A, portion of a fixed colony; a,…

"Enlarged view of the surface of a living Millepora, showing five dactylozooids surrounding a central gastrozooid." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Millepora

"Enlarged view of the surface of a living Millepora, showing five dactylozooids surrounding a central…

"Lower view of skull of perch." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Perch Skull

"Lower view of skull of perch." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Lateral view of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c, intercrural cartilage; d, hemapophysis; e, spinal canal; f, intervertebal cavity; g, central canal for persistent portion of notochord; h, hemal canals for blood-vessels." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Vertebra

"Lateral view of caudal vertebra of Basking Shark (Selache mazima). a, centrum; b, neurapophysis; c,…

"Palatal view of skull of Ceratodus." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ceratodus

"Palatal view of skull of Ceratodus." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Side view, with the membrane-bones. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary; E, ethmoid; F, frontal; Ma, mastoid; Mp, metapterygold; Mx, maxillary; N, nasal; O, operculum; Oc, occipital; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxillary; po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal; Pt, post-temporals; Ptf, postfrontal; Ptr, pterygold; Q, quadrate; S, suspensorium; So, suboperculum; Sp, sphenold; Spl, splenial; St, supratemporals; T, tympanic lamina; Tu, turbinal; v, vomer; x x, small ossicles; x' x', spiraculars." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Polypterus Skull

"Side view, with the membrane-bones. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary;…

"Side-view, showing the tentacula hanging down in their natural position." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Acalephae

"Side-view, showing the tentacula hanging down in their natural position." — Chambers' Encyclopedia,…

"A genus of Andromeda polifolia of plants of the natural order Ericaceae, distinguished by a 5-valve naked capsule, which splits up through the back of the cells; anthers with two awns, and a globose corolla with the orifice contracted." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Andromeda

"A genus of Andromeda polifolia of plants of the natural order Ericaceae, distinguished by a 5-valve…

"Ant-lion larva." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Antlion

"Ant-lion larva." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"Ant-lion perfect insect." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Antlion

"Ant-lion perfect insect." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

"The first form of hand-gun which could fairly be compared with the modern musket. those of earlier date were fired by applying a match by hand to the touch-hole; but about the time of the battle of Morat, in 1476, guns were used having a contrivance suggested by the trigger of the arbalest or cross-bow, by which the burning match could be applied with more quickness and certainty." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Arquebus

"The first form of hand-gun which could fairly be compared with the modern musket. those of earlier…

"After appropriating to national purposes the land belonging to the church, the French National Assembly, instead of bringing it into the market at a time of insecurity, when its value was depreciated, issued bonds on the security of it, which were called assignats, as representing land assigned to the holder. This paper money consisted chiefly of notes for 100 francs each, though many of them were for sums as low as ten or five francs, and even lower; and the first issue amounted to 400 million francs." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Assignat

"After appropriating to national purposes the land belonging to the church, the French National Assembly,…

"A genus of plans of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae. The pod is more or less perfectly 2-celled. The leaves are pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. the species are numerous, natives chiefly of the temperate and colder parts of the Old World, shrubby, and often spiny, or unarmed and herbaceous." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Astragalus

"A genus of plans of the natural order Leguminosae, sub-order Papilionaceae. The pod is more or less…

"a, the osseous septum grooved for the passage of the cochlear nerve b, which terminates by a free end inside the chamber c, along the floor of which it lies for a short distance; d, d are the two layers of the membranous septum. Lying in contact with the end of the nerve is the enlarged extremity of a rod e, which is connected in a flail-like manner by the hinge f to another rod, which is fixed at g." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"a, the osseous septum grooved for the passage of the cochlear nerve b, which terminates by a free end…

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation of the order of Calatrava, and having, like it, for its object the subjection of the Moors." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Aviz

"An order of knighthood in Portugal, instituted by Sancho, the first king of Portugal, in imitation…

A figure on horseback.

Horseback rider

A figure on horseback.

"A glass tube about 33 inches in length, open at one end, is completely filled with mercury, and being firmly closed by the thumb, is inverted and placed vertically in a cup containing mercury. When the thumb is removed, the mercury sinks in the tube till it stands, generally, about 30 inches above the level of the mercury in the cup, leaving in the upper part a space free of air, which receiveds the name of the Torricellian vacuum." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Barometer

"A glass tube about 33 inches in length, open at one end, is completely filled with mercury, and being…

"A cistern barometer, being that generally seen in weather-glasses or ordinary barometers. The tube is bent at the bottom, and the cistern is merely an expansion of the lower end. Very generally, the cistern is hidden from view, and protected from injury by a wooden cover in front." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Barometer

"A cistern barometer, being that generally seen in weather-glasses or ordinary barometers. The tube…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Labiatae. The species are all natives of the tropics, or of the warmer temperate parts of the world, and are generally characterized by a pleasant aromatic smell and taste." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Basil

"A genus of plants of the natural order Labiatae. The species are all natives of the tropics, or of…

"A genus of plants of the natural order ranuculaceae having four colored sepals, no corolla, and fruit numerous one-seeded achaenia with long- generally feathery- awns. The species are pretty numerous, herbs or shrubs, generally with climbing stems, natives of very different climates, and much scattered over the world." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Clematis

"A genus of plants of the natural order ranuculaceae having four colored sepals, no corolla, and fruit…

"A name given to many plants, of which the foliage has a pungent, mustard-like taste, and is used as a salad. It is sometimes more strictly confused to the genus Lepidium, a genus of the natural order Cruciferae, having small white flowers, and oblong or rounded laterally compressed pouches (silicules), with the cells one-seeded, and the valves keeled or winged on the back." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Cress

"A name given to many plants, of which the foliage has a pungent, mustard-like taste, and is used as…

"A small procumbent shrub, of the natural order Empetraceae, a native of the northern parts of the world, abundant in the moors of Scotland and the north of England. The order consists of a few heath-like shrubs, which, however, are regarded as having a botanical affinity to Euphorbiaceae, with small unisexual flowers in the axils of the leaves, the fruit a small berry seated in the persistent calyx. b, fruit cut open; c, flower." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Crowberry

"A small procumbent shrub, of the natural order Empetraceae, a native of the northern parts of the world,…

"Denarius of the earliest kind: Having on the obverse a personification of Rome as a warrior with helmet; and on the reverse, a chariot drawn by four horses." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Denarius

"Denarius of the earliest kind: Having on the obverse a personification of Rome as a warrior with helmet;…

A water wading bird mostly found in Europe. Has a dark green back and grey head.

Solitary Sandpiper

A water wading bird mostly found in Europe. Has a dark green back and grey head.

"A name often given to various species of Heron, particularly those which, at least during the breeding season, have the feathers on the lower part of the back lengthened and their barbs loose, so that this part of the plumage is very soft and flowing." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Egret

"A name often given to various species of Heron, particularly those which, at least during the breeding…

"A typical Thysanuran (Machilis maritima). Female, ventral view. Mx1, Mx2, 1st and 2nd maxillae. ii-x, Appendages on 2nd to 10th abdominal segments. The eversible sacs on the abdominal segments are shown, some protruded and some retracted. Ovp, Ovipositor. Mn, Mandible, and Mxl. maxillula, dissected out of head." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Thysanuran

"A typical Thysanuran (Machilis maritima). Female, ventral view. Mx1, Mx2, 1st and 2nd maxillae. ii-x,…

A type of roof with many support beams.

King Post Roof

A type of roof with many support beams.

"Ventral view of the posterior carapace or meso-metasomatic (opisthosomatic) fusion of Limulus polyphemus. The soft integument and limbs of the mesosoma have been removed as well as all the viscera and muscles, so that the inner surface of the terga of these somites with their entopophyses are seen. The unsegmented dense chitinous sternal plate of the metasoma (XIII to XVIII) is not removed." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus Polyphemus

"Ventral view of the posterior carapace or meso-metasomatic (opisthosomatic) fusion of Limulus polyphemus.…

"Ventral view of a scorpion. Palamnaeus indus, de Geer, to show the arrangement of the coxae of the limbs, the sternal elements, genital plate and pectens. M, Mouth behind the oval median camerostome. I, The chelicerae. II, The chelae. III to VI, the four pairs of walking legs. VIIgo, The genital somite or first somite of the mesosoma with the genital operculum (a fused pair of limbs). VIIIp, the pectiniferous somite. IXstg to XIstg, the four pulmonary somites. met, the pentagonal metasternite of the prosoma behind all the coxae. x, the sternum of the pectiniferous somite. y, the broad first somite of the metasoma." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"Ventral view of a scorpion. Palamnaeus indus, de Geer, to show the arrangement of the coxae of the…

"Embryo of scorpion, ventral view showing somites and appendages. sgc, Frontal groove. sa, Rudiment of lateral eyes. obl, Camerostome (upper lip). so, Sense-organ of Patten. PrGabp1, Rudiment of the appendage of the praegenital somite which disappears. abp2, Rudiment of the right half of the genital operculum. abp3, Rudiment of the right half of the genital operculum. abp4 to abp7, Rudiments of the four appendages which carry the pulmonary lamellae. I to VI, Rudiments of the six limbs of the prosoma. VIIPrG, The evanescent praegenital somite. VIII, The first mesosomatic somite or genital somite. IX, The second mesosomatic somite or pectiniferous somite. X to XIII, The four pulmoniferous somites. XIV, The first metasomatic somite." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpio Embryo

"Embryo of scorpion, ventral view showing somites and appendages. sgc, Frontal groove. sa, Rudiment…

"View of the ventral surface of the mid-line of the prosomatic region of Limulus polyphemus. The coxae of the five pairs of limbs following the chelicerae were arranged in a series on each side between the mouth, M, and the metasternites, mets. sf, The sub-frontal median sclerite. Ch, the chelicerae. cam, The camerostome or upper lip. M, the mouth. pmst, The promesosternal sclerite or chitinous plate, unpaired. mets, the right and left metasternites (corresponding to the similarly placed pentagonal sternite of Scorpio." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus Polyphemus

"View of the ventral surface of the mid-line of the prosomatic region of Limulus polyphemus. The coxae…

"View from below of a scorpion (Buthus occitanus) opened and dissected so as to show the pericardium with its muscles, the lateral arteries, and the tergo-sternal muscles. PRO, Prosoma. dpm, Dorso-plastral muscle. art, Lateral artery. tsm1, Tergo-sternal muscle of the second (pectiniferous) mesosomatic somite; this is the most anterior pair of the series of six, none are present in the genital somite. tsm4, Tergo-sternal muscle of the fifth mesosomatic somite. tsm6, Tergo-sternal muscle of the enlarged first metasomatic somite. Per, Pericardium. VPM1 to VPM7, The series of seven pairs of veno-pericardiac muscles. There is some reason to admit the existence of another more anterior pair of these muscles in Scorpio; this would make the number exactly correspond with the number in Limulus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"View from below of a scorpion (Buthus occitanus) opened and dissected so as to show the pericardium…

"Diagram of a lateral view of a longitudinal section of a scorpion. d, Chelicera. ch, Chela. cam, Camerostome. m, Mouth. ent, Entosternum. p, Pecten. stig1, First pulmonary aperture. stig4, Fourth pulmonary aperture. dam, Muscle from carapace to a praeoral entosclerite. ad, Muscle from carapace to entosternum. md, Muscle from tergite of genital somite to entosternum. dv1 to dv6, Dorso-ventral muscles. pv1 to pv7, The seven veno-pericardiac muscles of the right side." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpion

"Diagram of a lateral view of a longitudinal section of a scorpion. d, Chelicera. ch, Chela. cam, Camerostome.…

"Diagram of a lateral view of a longitudinal section of Limulus. Suc, Suctorial pharynx. al, Alimentary canal. Ph, Pharynx. M, Mouth. Est, Entosternum. VS, Ventral venous sinus. chi, Chilaria. go, Genital operculum. br1 to br5, Branchial appendages. met, Unsegmented metasoma. Entap4, Fourth dorsal entapophysis of left side. tsm, Tergo-sternal muscles, six pairs as in Scorpio. VPM1 to VPM8, The eight pairs of veno-pericardiac muscles." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus

"Diagram of a lateral view of a longitudinal section of Limulus. Suc, Suctorial pharynx. al, Alimentary…

"Triarthrus Becki, Green. Dorsal view of second thoracic leg with and without setae. en, Inner ramus; ex, Outer ramus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Triarthrus

"Triarthrus Becki, Green. Dorsal view of second thoracic leg with and without setae. en, Inner ramus;…

"Four stages in the development of the trilobite Agnostus nudus. A, Youngest stage with no mesosomatic somites; B and C, stages with two mesosomatic somites between the prosomatic and telsonic carapaces; D, adult condition, still with only two free mesosomatic somites." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Agnostus Nudus

"Four stages in the development of the trilobite Agnostus nudus. A, Youngest stage with no mesosomatic…

"Five stages in the development of the trilobite Sao hirsuta. A, Youngest stage. B, Older stage with distinct pygidial carapace. C, Stage with two free mesosomatic somites between the prosomatic and telsonic carapaces. D, Stage with seven free intermediate somites. E, Stage with twelve free somites; the telsonic carapace has not increased in size. a, Lateral eye. g, So-called facial "suture" (not really a suture). p, Telsonic carapace." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Sao Hirsuto

"Five stages in the development of the trilobite Sao hirsuta. A, Youngest stage. B, Older stage with…

"So-called "trilobite stage" of Limulus polyphemus. A, Dorsal; B, ventral view." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus Polyphemus

"So-called "trilobite stage" of Limulus polyphemus. A, Dorsal; B, ventral view." — The Encyclopedia…

"Dorsal view of Limulus polyphemus, Latr." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus Polyphemus

"Dorsal view of Limulus polyphemus, Latr." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

"Ventral view of Limulus polyphemus. 1 to 6, The six prosomatic pairs of appendages. abd, the solid opisthosomatic carapace. tels, the post-anal spine (not the telson as the lettering would seem to imply, but only its post-anal portion). operc, the fused first pair of mesosomatic appendages forming the genital operculum." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus Polyphemus

"Ventral view of Limulus polyphemus. 1 to 6, The six prosomatic pairs of appendages. abd, the solid…

"Eurypterus Fischeri, Eichwald. Silurian of Rootzikil. Restoration after Schmidt. The dorsal aspect is presented showing the prosomatic shield with paired compound eyes and the prosomatic appendages II. to IV. The small first pair of appendages is concealed from view by the carapace. 1 to 12 are the somites of the opisthosoma; 13, the post-anal spine." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Eurypterus Fischeri

"Eurypterus Fischeri, Eichwald. Silurian of Rootzikil. Restoration after Schmidt. The dorsal aspect…

"Dorsal view of a restoration of Palaeophonus nuncius, Thorell. The Silurian scorpion from Gothland." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Palaophonus

"Dorsal view of a restoration of Palaeophonus nuncius, Thorell. The Silurian scorpion from Gothland."…

"Ventral view of a restoration of Palaeophonus Hunteri, Pocock, the Silurian scorpion from Lesmahagow, Scotland. Restored by R. I. Peacock. The meeting of the coxae of all the prosomatic limbs in front of the pentagonal sternum; the space for a genital operculum; the pair of pectens, and the absence of any evidence of pulmonary stigmata are noticeable in this specimen." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Palaeophonus Hunteri

"Ventral view of a restoration of Palaeophonus Hunteri, Pocock, the Silurian scorpion from Lesmahagow,…

"Comparison of the sixth prosomatic limb of a recent scorpion (B), of Palaeophonus (C), and of Limulus (A), showing their agreement in the number of segments; in the existence of a movable spine, Sp, at the distal border of the fifth segment; in the correspondence of the two claws at the free end of the limb of Scorpio with two spines similarly placed in Limulus; and, lastly, in the correspondence of the three talon-like spines carried on the distal margin of segment six of recent scorpions with the four larger but similarly situated spines of the leg of Limulus; s, groove dividing the ankylosed segments 4 and 5 of the Limulus leg into two." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Prosomatic Limb

"Comparison of the sixth prosomatic limb of a recent scorpion (B), of Palaeophonus (C), and of Limulus…

"Thelyphonus, one of the Pedipalpi. A, Ventral view. I, Chelicera (detached). II, Chelae. III, Palpiform limb. IV to VI, The walking legs. stc, Sterno-coxal process (gnathobase) of the chelae. st1, Anterior sternal plate of the prosoma. st2, Posterior sternal plate of the prosoma. pregen, Position of the pracgenital somite (not seen). l, l, Position of the two pulmonary sacs of the right side. 1 to 11, Somites of the opisthosoma (mesosoma plus metasoma). msg, Stigmata of the tergosternal muscles. an, Anus. B, Dorsal view of the opisthosoma of the same. pregen, The prae-genital somite. p, The tergal stigmata of the tergo-sternal muscles. paf, Post-anal segmented filament corresponding to the post-anal spine of Limulus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Thelyphonus

"Thelyphonus, one of the Pedipalpi. A, Ventral view. I, Chelicera (detached). II, Chelae. III, Palpiform…

"Thelyphonus sp. Ventral view of the anterior portion of the body to show the three prosomatic sternal plates a, b, c, and the rudimentary sternal element of the praegenital somite; opisth I, first somite o the opisthosoma." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Thelyphonus

"Thelyphonus sp. Ventral view of the anterior portion of the body to show the three prosomatic sternal…

"Schizomus crassicaudaius, one of the Tartarid Pedipalpi. Ventral view of a female with the appendages cut short near the base. a, Prosternum of prosoma. b, Metasternum of prosoma. prae-gen, The prae-genital somite. I opisth, First somite of the opisthosoma. II opisth, Eleventh somite of the opisthosoma. pa, Post-anal lobe of the female." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomus

"Schizomus crassicaudaius, one of the Tartarid Pedipalpi. Ventral view of a female with the appendages…

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, a Tartarid Pedipalp. Dorsal view of a male with the appendages cut short. I to VI. The prosomatic appendages. a, Anterior plate. b, Posterior plate of the prosomatic carapace. prae-gen, Tergum of the praegenital somite. II, The eleventh somite of the opisthosoma. pa, Post-anal lobe of the male—a conical body with narrow basal stalk." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomus

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, a Tartarid Pedipalp. Dorsal view of a male with the appendages cut short.…

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, one of the Pedipalpi. Lateral view of a male, II to VI, the prosomatic appendages, the first being concealed; 5, the fifth, and II, the eleventh tergites of the opisthosoma; pa, the conical post-anal lobe." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Schizomus

"Schizomus crassicaudatus, one of the Pedipalpi. Lateral view of a male, II to VI, the prosomatic appendages,…

"Liphistius desultor, Schiodte, one of the Araneae Mesothelae. Dorsal view. I to VI, the prosomatic appendages; 4, 5, 6, the fourth, fifth and sixth tergites of the opisthosoma. Between the bases of the sixth pair of limbs and behind the prosomatic carapace is seen the tergite of the small prae-genital somite." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Liphistius Desultor

"Liphistius desultor, Schiodte, one of the Araneae Mesothelae. Dorsal view. I to VI, the prosomatic…

"Liphistus desultor, Ventral view with the prosomatic appendages cut short expecting the chelicerae (1) whose sharp retroverts are seen. Between the bases of the prosomatic limbs an anterior and a posterior sternal plate (black) are seen. I, The sternum of the first opisthosomatic or genital somite covering the genital aperture and the first pair of lungsacs. In front of it the narrow waist is formed by the soft sternal area of the praegenital somite. 2, the sternite of the second opisthosomatic somite covering the posterior pair of lung-sacs; 3 and 4, the spinning appendages (limbs) of the opisthosoma; a, inner, b, outer ramus of the appendage; II, sternite of the eleventh somite of the opisthosoma: in front of it other rudimentary sternites; an, anus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Liphistius Desultor

"Liphistus desultor, Ventral view with the prosomatic appendages cut short expecting the chelicerae…

"Liphistius desultor. Lateral view. I to VI, Appendages of the prosoma cut off at the base. o, Ocular tubercle. praegen, The prae-genital somite. 1 and 2, Sternites of the first and second opisthosomatic somites. 3 and 4, Appendages of the third and fourth opisthosomatic somites, which are the spinning organs, and in this genus occupy their primitive position instead of migrating to the anal region as in other spiders. 5, Tergite of the fifth opisthosomatic somite. II, Eleventh opisthosomatic somite; an, Anus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Liphistius Desultor

"Liphistius desultor. Lateral view. I to VI, Appendages of the prosoma cut off at the base. o, Ocular…

"Ventral view of a male mygalomorphous spider. I to VI, The six pairs of prosomatic appendages. a, Copulatory apparatus of the second appendage. a, Copulatory apparatus of the second appendage. b, Process of the fifth joint of the third appendage. M, Mouth. pro, Prosternite of the prosoma. mes, Mesosternite of the prosoma: observe the contact of the coxae of the sixth pair of limbs behind it; compare Liphistius where this does not occus. stg, Lung aperture. gn, Genital aperture. a, Anus with a pair of backwardly migrated spinning appendages on each side of it; compare the position of these appendages in Liphistius." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Spider

"Ventral view of a male mygalomorphous spider. I to VI, The six pairs of prosomatic appendages. a, Copulatory…

"Koenenia Mirabilis, Grassi, one of the Palpigradi. A, Ventral view of prosoma and of anterior region of opisthosoma with the appendages cut off near the base; a and b, prosternites; c, mesosternite; and d, metasternite of the prosoma; f, ventral surface of the prae-genital somite; g, sternite of the genital somite (first opisthosomatic somite). B, Dorsal view. I to VI, prosomatic appendages; I, opisth, genital somite (first opisthosomatic somite). C, Lateral view, I to VI, prosomatic appendages; a, b, c, the three tergal plates of the prosoma; prae-gen, the prae-genital somite; 1 to 10, the ten somites of the opisthosoma. D, Chelicera." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Koenenia Mirabilis

"Koenenia Mirabilis, Grassi, one of the Palpigradi. A, Ventral view of prosoma and of anterior region…

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view to show legs and somites. I to VI, The six leg-bearing somites of the prosoma. opisth I, First or genital somite of the opisthosoma. ge, Site of the genital aperture. st, Thoracic tracheal aperture. l2, Anterior tracheal aperture of the opisthosoma in somite 2 of the opisthosoma. l3, Tracheal aperture in somite 3 of the opisthosoma. a, Anus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Galeodes

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view to show legs and somites. I to VI, The six leg-bearing…

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view with the appendages cut off at the base. I to VI, Prosomatic appendages. s, Prosomatic stigma or aperture of the tracheal system. 1, First opisthosomatic sternite covering the genital aperture g. 2, Second opisthosomatic sternite covering the second pair of tracheal apertures sp1. Sp2, The third pair of tracheal apertures. 10, The tenth opisthosomatic somite. an, The anal aperture." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Galeodes

"Galeodes sp., one of the Solifugae. Ventral view with the appendages cut off at the base. I to VI,…

"Galeodes sp., one of the solifugae. Dorsal view. I to VI, Bases of the prosomatic appendages. o, Eyes. a, Lateral region of the cephalic plate to which the first pair of appendages are articulated. b, Cephalic plate with median eye. c, Dorsal element of somites bearing third and fourth pairs of appendages. d, Second plate of the prosoma with fifth pair of appendages. e, Third or hindermost plate of the prosoma beneath which the sixth pair of legs is articulated. 1, 2, 9, 10, First, second, ninth and tenth somites of the opisthosoma. an, Anus." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Galeodes

"Galeodes sp., one of the solifugae. Dorsal view. I to VI, Bases of the prosomatic appendages. o, Eyes.…