Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered. The ligules are oval, spear-shaped. The flowers are green, often tinge with purple. Roots are slightly creeping. It is very common in wet meadows and banks of streams and flowers in July and August. The panicle is erect and spreading when in flower but more contracted and drooping when ripe. Here we see a magnified spikelet. The flower is shown here.

Fowl Meadow

Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered.…

Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered. The ligules are oval, spear-shaped. The flowers are green, often tinge with purple. Roots are slightly creeping. It is very common in wet meadows and banks of streams and flowers in July and August. The panicle is erect and spreading when in flower but more contracted and drooping when ripe. Here we see a magnified spikelet. The flower is shown here. The germ of the Fowl Meadow grass is shown here.

Fowl Meadow

Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered.…

Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered. The ligules are oval, spear-shaped. The flowers are green, often tinge with purple. Roots are slightly creeping. It is very common in wet meadows and banks of streams and flowers in July and August. The panicle is erect and spreading when in flower but more contracted and drooping when ripe. Here we see a magnified spikelet. The flower is shown here. The seed of the Fowl Meadow grass is shown here.

Fowl Meadow

Fowl Meadow (Poa serotina), also called False Redtop, has two to four spikelets, sometimes five flowered.…

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping root and an erect, slender, smooth stem. The upper sheath is no longer than its leaf, with a very short ligule, the base of the floret having a silky web suspending the calyx. The leaves are light green. The grass is common in light shady places and appears as a tall, rank grass, with a long, finely-arched panicle. It flowers in July. A magnified flower is seen here.

Wood Meadow Grass

Wood Meadow Grass (Poa nemoralis) grows from eighteen inches to two feet high. It has a perennial, creeping…

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The marginal ribs are not hairy, the ligules are long, pointed, and obtuse and the stems are two to three feet high. This grass has rough sheaths while in the latter the sheaths are smooth. The root is fibrous and the grass is creeping. It flourishes in moist meadows and flowers in July. The flower is magnified here.

Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass

The Rough-Stalked Meadow Grass (Poa trivialis) has webbed florets and a five-ribbed outter palea. The…

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass. The lower florets in the June Grass are connected at the base by a web of long silky filaments holding the calyx. The outter palea is five-ribbed with the marginal ribs hairy. The upper sheath is longer than its leaf. June Grass grows from ten to fifteen inches with and erect, smooth, round stem. The root is perennial and creeping. The plants grows a light greenish color while the spikelets are brownsh purple. Shown here is a magnified flower.

June Grass

June grass (Poa prstensis) is also known as Green Meadow grass, Common Spear Grass, Kentucky Blue grass.…

Sheep's Fescue (Festuca duriuscula) is known by its narrow panicle. It has short, tufted, bristle-shaped leaves of a grayish color with somewhat of a red tinge.It has two to six flowered spikelets. Grows from six to ten inches high in dense, perennial-rooted tufts. Flowers in June and July in dry pastures. The magnified flower is shown here.

Sheep's Fescue Grass

Sheep's Fescue (Festuca duriuscula) is known by its narrow panicle. It has short, tufted, bristle-shaped…

The Slender Spiked Fescue (Festuca loliacea) is species nearly allied to the tall fescue, and possesses much the same qualities. Growing in moist, rich meadows it forms a good, permnent pasture grass, However it is of little value for cultivation. A magnified flower is shown here.

Slender Spiked Grass

The Slender Spiked Fescue (Festuca loliacea) is species nearly allied to the tall fescue, and possesses…

The Bearded Darnel (Lolium temulentum) is sometimes found in grain-fields, with its glume equalling the five to seven flowered spikelets, an awn longer than the flower. Its grain is poisonous, the only instance known among the grasses.

Bearded Darnel

The Bearded Darnel (Lolium temulentum) is sometimes found in grain-fields, with its glume equalling…

Meadow Oat Grass (Avena pratensis) is a perennial grass that grows to a height of about eighteen inches. It furnishes a hay of medium quality. Flourishes best on dry soils and flowers in July. A picture of the flower of Meadow Oat grass.

Meadow Oat Grass

Meadow Oat Grass (Avena pratensis) is a perennial grass that grows to a height of about eighteen inches.…

Meadow Oat Grass (Avena pratensis) is a perennial grass that grows to a height of about eighteen inches. It furnishes a hay of medium quality. Flourishes best on dry soils and flowers in July. A picture of the flower of Meadow Oat grass.

Meadow Oat Grass

Meadow Oat Grass (Avena pratensis) is a perennial grass that grows to a height of about eighteen inches.…

The Yellow Oat Grass (Avena flavescens) is a perennial grass siutable for dry meadows and pastures. It is sometimes regarded as a weed. It fails when cultivated alone but succeeds with other grasses. It contains a large proportion of bitter extractive than most other grasses and for that reason is recommended as a valuable pasture grass. It flowers (flower shown here) in July.

Yellow Oat Grass

The Yellow Oat Grass (Avena flavescens) is a perennial grass siutable for dry meadows and pastures.…

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus. It has open panicled spikelets. The grass is two-flowered, the lower flower staminate, bearing a long bent awn below the middle of the back. The leaves are flat, acute and roughish on both sides. The panicle leans slightly to one side and the glumes are very unequal. The stems grow from two to three feet high with a perennial fibrous root that is sometimes bulbous. It is distinguished from other grasses by having two florets, the lower one having a long awn rising from a little above the base of the base of the outer palea. The grass flowers from May to July.

Tall Meadow Oat Grass

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus.…

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus. It has open panicled spikelets. The grass is two-flowered, the lower flower staminate, bearing a long bent awn below the middle of the back. The leaves are flat, acute and roughish on both sides. The panicle leans slightly to one side and the glumes are very unequal. The stems grow from two to three feet high with a perennial fibrous root that is sometimes bulbous. It is distinguished from other grasses by having two florets, the lower one having a long awn rising from a little above the base of the base of the outer palea. The grass flowers from May to July. A magnified spikelet is shown here.

Tall Meadow Oat Grass

Tall Meadow Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum), or Tall Oat Grass is the avena elatior of Linnaeus.…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant. A flower is seen here.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral flowers are neutral with one palea, hairy on the outside, and awned on the back. The glumes are thin, acute, keeled, the upper twice as long as the lower. The seed is ovate and adhearing to the palea which encloses it. The stem is from one and a half to two feet high. The root is perennial and flowers in May and June. This is one of the earliest spring grasses and one of the latest in autumn, and is almost the only grass that is fragrant.  A flower is seen here.

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass

Sweet-scented Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) has three-flowered spreading spikelets. The lateral…

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and somewhat spreading when old. The glumes are wingless and rudimentary florets are hairy. The stem is round, smooth, erect and form two to seven feet high. There are five to six broad, lightish-green,acute, harsh, flat-ribbed leaves. The central rib the most prominent and roughish on both surfaces. It grows on wet grounds by the sides of rivers and standing pools. It may be gathered and sown with winter grain. The flower is shown here.

Reed Canary Grass

The Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) has a panicle that is slightly branched, clustered, and…

The White Clover ((Trifolium repens) stems are spreading, slender and creeping. The leaves are are inversely heart-shaped, the flower-heads are small and white. The White Clover can easily accomadate itself to a great variety of soils, but grows most luxuriantly in moist grounds and moist or wet seasons.

White Clover

The White Clover ((Trifolium repens) stems are spreading, slender and creeping. The leaves are are inversely…

The White Clover ((Trifolium repens) stems are spreading, slender and creeping. The leaves are are inversely heart-shaped, the flower-heads are small and white. The White Clover can easily accomadate itself to a great variety of soils, but grows most luxuriantly in moist grounds and moist or wet seasons. This flower is magnified.

White Clover

The White Clover ((Trifolium repens) stems are spreading, slender and creeping. The leaves are are inversely…

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth, stems growing from two to three feet long. The leaves are in pairs of pointed, oblong leaflets with a slightly hairy underside. The flower stalks are higher than the leaves, ending in a spike of flowers. The flowers are succeeded by flat, hard pods, toothed on the edges and prickly on the sides. The root is perennial, hard, and woody. The Saifoin flowers in July. The fruit or seed is said to be more nutritious than oats.

Sainfoin

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth,…

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth, stems growing from two to three feet long. The leaves are in pairs of pointed, oblong leaflets with a slightly hairy underside. The flower stalks are higher than the leaves, ending in a spike of flowers. The flower is shown here. The flowers are succeeded by flat, hard pods, toothed on the edges and prickly on the sides. The root is perennial, hard, and woody. The Saifoin flowers in July. The fruit or seed is said to be more nutritious than oats.

Sainfoin

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth,…

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth, stems growing from two to three feet long. The leaves are in pairs of pointed, oblong leaflets with a slightly hairy underside. The flower stalks are higher than the leaves, ending in a spike of flowers. The flowers are succeeded by flat, hard pods, toothed on the edges and prickly on the sides. The root is perennial, hard, and woody. The Saifoin flowers in July. The fruit or seed, shown here, is said to be more nutritious than oats.

Sainfoin

Sainfion (Hedysarum onobrychis), a hay, is a leguminous plant with many straggling, tapering, smooth,…

Title page made for Mrs. Grundy on Saturday July 8th, 1865. Mrs. Grundy was a short-lived periodical published after the Civil War.

Mrs. Grundy Page Title

Title page made for Mrs. Grundy on Saturday July 8th, 1865. Mrs. Grundy was a short-lived periodical…

"Gules, a mascle, argent. The mascle is in the shape of a lozenge but perforated through its whole extent except a narrow border." -Hall, 1862

Mascle Ordinary

"Gules, a mascle, argent. The mascle is in the shape of a lozenge but perforated through its whole extent…

"Or, a double tressure, gules. The tressure is a border at some distance from the edge of the field, half the breadth of an orle: the tressure may be double or treble." -Hall, 1862

Tressure Ordinary

"Or, a double tressure, gules. The tressure is a border at some distance from the edge of the field,…

"Argent, a sinister hand couped at the wrist and erected gules, within a bordure azure. BORDURE or BORDER. This was the most ancient difference in coats of arms, to distinguish different branches of the same family. It is a border round the edge of the shield. Its situation is always the same; but the inner edge may be varied." -Hall, 1862

Hand and Bordure

"Argent, a sinister hand couped at the wrist and erected gules, within a bordure azure. BORDURE or BORDER.…

"CINQUE FOIL. Five leaves conjoined in the centre." -Hall, 1862

Cinque Foil

"CINQUE FOIL. Five leaves conjoined in the centre." -Hall, 1862

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Bicycle Crossing, Black and White

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Bicycle Crossing, Color

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Bicycle Crossing, Outline

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Bicycle Crossing, Silhouette

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Pedestrian Crossing, Black and White

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Pedestrian Crossing, Color

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Pedestrian Crossing, Outline

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, animals, and other crossing activities might occur. Pedestrian, Bicycle, and School signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Pedestrian Crossing, Silhouette

Nonvehicular signs may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries…

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is located adjacent to the road. The Playground sign may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Playground, Black and White

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is…

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is located adjacent to the road. The Playground sign may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Playground, Color

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is…

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is located adjacent to the road. The Playground sign may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Playground, Outline

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is…

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is located adjacent to the road. The Playground sign may have a fluorescent yellowgreen background with a black legend and border.

Playground, Silhouette

The Playground sign may be used to give advance warning of a designated children's playground that is…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The Detour Arrow sign may be used where a detour route has been established. The Detour Arrow sign should normally be mounted just below the ROAD CLOSED sign. The Detour Arrow sign should include a horizontal arrow pointed to the right or left as required.

Detour Arrow, Black and White

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The Detour Arrow sign may be used where a detour route has been established. The Detour Arrow sign should normally be mounted just below the ROAD CLOSED sign. The Detour Arrow sign should include a horizontal arrow pointed to the right or left as required.

Detour Arrow, Color

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The Detour Arrow sign may be used where a detour route has been established. The Detour Arrow sign should normally be mounted just below the ROAD CLOSED sign. The Detour Arrow sign should include a horizontal arrow pointed to the right or left as required.

Detour Arrow, Outline

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The DETOUR sign should be used for unnumbered highways, for emergency situations, for periods of short durations, or where, over relatively short distances, road users are guided along the detour and back to the desired highway without route signs. A Street Name sign should be placed above, or the street name should be incorporated into, a DETOUR sign to indicate the name of the street being detoured.

Detour, Black and White

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The DETOUR sign should be used for unnumbered highways, for emergency situations, for periods of short durations, or where, over relatively short distances, road users are guided along the detour and back to the desired highway without route signs. A Street Name sign should be placed above, or the street name should be incorporated into, a DETOUR sign to indicate the name of the street being detoured.

Detour, Color

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour signs in TTC incident management situations may have a black legend and border on a fluorescent pink background. The DETOUR sign should be used for unnumbered highways, for emergency situations, for periods of short durations, or where, over relatively short distances, road users are guided along the detour and back to the desired highway without route signs. A Street Name sign should be placed above, or the street name should be incorporated into, a DETOUR sign to indicate the name of the street being detoured.

Detour, Outline

Each detour shall be adequately marked with standard temporary route signs and destination signs. Detour…

"Argent, an inescutcheon azure, border compony, or and gules. COMPONY. A term applied to a bordure, pale, bend, or any other ordinary, made up of squares of alternate metal and colour." -Hall, 1862

Compony

"Argent, an inescutcheon azure, border compony, or and gules. COMPONY. A term applied to a bordure,…

"Azure, a bend gules, fimbriated argent. FIMBRIATED. An ordinary having a border of a different tincture is said to be fimbriated." -Hall, 1862

Bend Fimbriated

"Azure, a bend gules, fimbriated argent. FIMBRIATED. An ordinary having a border of a different tincture…

An illustration of a simple border comprised of multiple triangles.

Simple Triangle Border

An illustration of a simple border comprised of multiple triangles.

An illustration of a simple full page border.

Simple Border

An illustration of a simple full page border.

"QUARTER FOIL. A four-leaved flower." -Hall, 1862

Quarter Foil

"QUARTER FOIL. A four-leaved flower." -Hall, 1862

"SET FOIL OR SIX FOIL. Six leaves conjoined in the centre." -Hall, 1862

Set Foil

"SET FOIL OR SIX FOIL. Six leaves conjoined in the centre." -Hall, 1862

"TRESSURE. An ordinary not so broad as an orle. It generally forms a border to the inescutcheon. Tressures are frequently borne double, and sometimes treble. They are generally ornamented flory and counter-flory. The example contains only a single tressure." -Hall, 1862

Tressure

"TRESSURE. An ordinary not so broad as an orle. It generally forms a border to the inescutcheon. Tressures…

An illustration of a full page border with vines and raspberries on the bottom.

Raspberry & Vine Border

An illustration of a full page border with vines and raspberries on the bottom.

The Ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant in the Zingiberaceae family.

Ginger Plant

The Ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant in the Zingiberaceae family.

"Gingko biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia. a, branchlet with male flowers." -Whitney, 1911

Ginkgo Biloba Branchlet

"Gingko biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia. a, branchlet with male flowers." -Whitney, 1911

"Gingko biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia. b, branchlet with female flowers." -Whitney, 1911

Ginkgo Biloba Branchlet

"Gingko biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia. b, branchlet with female flowers." -Whitney, 1911

"Globe-flower (Trollius Europaeus). The Trollius Europaeus, a ranunculaceous plant of Great Britain and the mountains of central Europe, with deeply lobed leaves and pale-yellow flowers." -Whitney, 1911

Globe Flower

"Globe-flower (Trollius Europaeus). The Trollius Europaeus, a ranunculaceous plant of Great Britain…

"Flower of Gloriosa superba. GLORIOSA. A genus of tuberous-rooted liliaceaous plants, with opposite or whorled leaves terminating in tendrils by which they climb, and with large and beautiful red or yellows flowers. There are three species, of tropical Asia and Africa, cultivated in greenhouses." -Whitney, 1911

Gloriosa

"Flower of Gloriosa superba. GLORIOSA. A genus of tuberous-rooted liliaceaous plants, with opposite…

"Flower of Gordonia pubescens. GORDONIA. A ternstroemiaceous genus, of two species, very ornamental evergreen shrubs or small trees of the southern United States, with large white flowers." -Whitney, 1911

Gordonia

"Flower of Gordonia pubescens. GORDONIA. A ternstroemiaceous genus, of two species, very ornamental…

This is a Page from the Emperor Maximilian's Prayer-Book. The drawings in the margins where created by Albrecht Dürer in 1515. It is found in the Royal Library in Munich, Germany.

A Page from the Emperor Maximilian's Prayer Book

This is a Page from the Emperor Maximilian's Prayer-Book. The drawings in the margins where created…